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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unexpected Hydroxyspirolactone Formation upon Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of a trans-α-decalone (trans-octahydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one) and X-ray structure of the product (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 78 (1995), S. 887-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: trans-4,4,10-Trimethyl-9-decalone ( = trans-5,5,8a-trimethyl-octahydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one; 1), when treated with trifluoroperacetic acid, gave the unexpected hydroxyspirolactone 7-hydroxy-7,11,11-trimethyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one (6), in which the two new O-atoms were introduced in a 1,2-trans relationship. The structure of this compound was conclusively proven by X-ray crystallography. The process involves the intermediacy of 7-membered lactone 2, the expected Baeyer-Villiger product, which could also be successfully prepared under controlled conditions at 0° in a buffered medium containing Na2HPO4.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19950780411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Überprüfung von FE-Berechnungen für offene und geschlossene Zylinder unter Innen- und Außendruck durch Vergleich mit Berechnungen auf der Basis von analytischen Formeln (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 147-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Literaturkarussell. Chemie (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 29 (1995), S. VIII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19950290213
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion source for electrohydrodynamic mass spectrometry (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 324-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Early in the development of electrohydrodynamic mass spectrometry (EH-MS), it was realized that ion source performance improved when the sample liquid was supplied discontinuously to the capillary emitter. Based on this realization, an ion source was designed that operates without an external sample supply system. Its essential part is a metal capillary that serves both as the liquid reservoir and the field anode and is mounted exchangeably on a pushrod. As the liquid flow is field induced, the flow rates are extremely low, in the range of 0.2 nl min-1. Thus, in spite of high analyte concentrations needed, sample consumption is only a few picomoles per mass scan. Moreover, the emission of larger droplets is avoided, which contributes to the stability of the ion signal. As the capillary emitter is mounted on a standard emitter carrier known from field desorption (FD) MS, the new ion source is compatible with conventional FD ion sources. EH mass spectra of analytes could be obtained from substances whose solubility in glycerol was〉0.5 mol l-1. The substances investigated with the new ion source include sugars, amino acids, peptides and an antibiotic. The general characteristics of the mass spectra are essentially the same as those known from other EH ion sources. Besides abundant solvent cluster ions, only cationated or protonated molecules of the analytes could be detected, frequently with one or more solvent molecules attached to the ions. Fragment ions were not observed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300215
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional activation spectra of organic ionsMetastable Ion Characteristics. XXII. Part XXI: D. J. McAdoo, F. W. McLafferty, and T. E. Parks, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 94, 1601 (1972).A portion of this work was reported in a preliminary communication: F. W. McLafferty and H. D. R. Schuddemage, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 1866 (1969) (b) Further details are given in the Cornell University Ph.D. theses of R. K., 1971, and S.-C. T., 1972. (c) Postdoctoral Fellow, 1969-1970. (d) We are grateful to the National Institutes of Health (GM 16575 and 16609) and the Army Research Office (D31-124-G1117) for generous support of this work. (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 797-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Collision with neutral molecules is shown to provide a convenient method of adding internal energy to ions in a field-free drift region of the mass spectrometer. The effects on this process of ion accelerating potential, target gas pressure and identity, and precursor ion internal energy and mass have been investigated to optimize experimental conditions. Such collisions cause ion decompositions whose activation energies cover a broad range; for a particular ion such decompositions can be viewed as its “collisional activation (CA) spectrum.” CA spectra, which can be obtained for each ion in the normal mass spectrum, and which appear to follow the predictions of the quasi equilibrium theory, show many more of the possible unimolecular ion decomposition reactions for an ion than do unimolecular metastables, and thus provide valuable information for ion reaction mechanisms and molecular structure determination. Collisional activation can sometimes yield ion energies which are relatively inaccessible by electron impact. The precursor ion internal energy has a negligible effect on the ion's CA spectrum except for product ions formed through the processes of lowest activation energy. Thus, CA spectra should also be valuable for the characterization of ion structures.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300604
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing characteristics and structure development in solid-state extrusion of a new semicrystalline polyimide (BTDA-DMDA) (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 837-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this article, we present detailed processing characteristics and structure development in a thermoplastic polyimide BTDA-DMDA in the solid-state extrusion process. This fully imidized polyimide polymer is known to crosslink at fast rates when it is brought to a molten phase even for short periods of time. This characteristic makes it difficult to process it in the molten phase and attempts at melt processing result in melt fracture and highly distorted extrudates. However, this polymer can be shaped into high-quality extrudates when it is processed below its melting temperature directly from its postpolymerization powdered state. The solid-state extrusion of precompacted BTDA-DMDA powder was studied in the temperature range from 250 to 320°C. At the temperatures from 290 to 320°C, high-quality extrudates were obtained. Below 290°C, solid-state extrusion was not possible due to the limitation of the load cell capacity of the capillary rheometer used in this research. Above 320°C, the extrudates were found to be of poor quality as a result of degradation and crosslinking in the molten phase. Structural characteristics of the samples produced by solid-state extrusion was investigated by the microbeam X-ray diffraction technique. The thermal behavior of the extrudates was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results show that at low extrusion temperatures the samples exhibit dual endothermic peaks and are highly crystalline in an extruded state. The higher melting peak located at about 350°C is due to the melting of the new crystalline phase that has developed partially during the solid-state extrusion process and partially during the recrystallization process that takes place at temperatures at and slightly above the primary melting process during the DSC heating scan. This has been confirmed by DSC, depolarized light hot-stage video microscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction studies. The long spacing of the higher melting crystals was found to be much larger than that of the lower melting crystals, as evidenced by the small angle X-ray scattering studies. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560709
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of draw ratio on the structure of aromatic copolyimide fibers of random monomer sequence (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 46 (1995), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray methods have been used to investigate the structure of fibers of aromatic copolyimides prepared from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), o-tolidine (OTOL) and p-phenylene diamine (PPD). We have shown previously that the non-periodic layer lines in the X-ray fiber diagrams of these copolymers are indicative of a random comonomer sequence. In the present paper, we analyze the shifts in the layer line positions that occur with increasing draw ratio. These changes are to be understood primarily in terms of increases in the correlation lengths for the stiff chain conformation. At high draw ratios there is also evidence for the development of a more extended chain conformation, probably due to torsional variation changes in the torsion angles. It is shown that the data are sufficiently sensitive to allow quantitative analysis of these separate effects, and their dependence on comonomer ratio.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1995.010460308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Struktur und Konstitution von Dichloro(tetraalkylcyclobutadien)platin(II)-Komplexen (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1421-1425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Platinum complexes ; cyclobutadiene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Constitution of Dichloro(tetraalkylcyclobutadiene)platinum(II) ComplexesHexachloroplatinic acid reacts in n-butanol with alkylsubstituted acetylenes RC≡CR (R = Me, Et) to give [PtCl2(C4R4)] (R = Me (1), R = Et (2)). The X-ray structure analysis of 1 (C2/m; a = 1 370.3(2), b = 1 128.3(1), c = 691.21(7) pm, β = 96.10(1)α; Z = 4) shows that 1 is monomeric and not dimeric as was described in the literature. Furthermore, 1 and 2 were extensively studied by i.r., Raman, and n.m.r. spectroscopical investigations.
    Notes: Hexachloroplatin(IV)-säure reagiert in n-Butanol mit alkylsubstituierten Acetylenen RC≡CR (R = Me, Et) zu Platincyclobutadien-Komplexen [PtCl2(C4R4)] (R = Me (1), R = Et (2)). Die Röntgeneinkristallstrukturanalyse von 1 (C2/m; a = 1 370,3(2), b = 1 128,3(1), c = 691,21(7) pm, β = 96 10(1)°; Z = 4) belegt, daß 1 monomer und nicht - wie bisher beschrieben - dimer aufgebaut ist. Desweiteren sind 1 und 2 umfassend durch IR-, Raman- und NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210823
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note: Effect of some halogenated flame retardants on the thermal characteristcs of selected tropical construction materials (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 19 (1995), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effects of some halogenated flame retradants (FR), sodium bromide and ammonium cupric chloride dihydrate (ACCD) on the thermal behaviour of roofing palm (Borassus aethiopun) and rattan palm (calamus deeratus) were studied. Their ignition time, flame propagation rate and afterglow time were investigated. No ignition occurred on the materials treated with 0.4M ACCD and no ignition was observed on roofing palm treated with 0.8M sodium bromide. Flame propagation rate and afterglow time were drastically reduced. Gravimetric analysis showed that these retardants acted by vapour phase and condensed phase mechanisms. An increase in char formation was also noted as a result of this treatment in all cases.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810190405
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  • 10
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    T lymphocyte-directed gene therapy for ADA- SCID: initial trial results after 4 years (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: In 1990, a clinical trial was started using retroviral-mediated transfer of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene into the T cells of two children with severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA- SCID). The number of blood T cells normalized as did many cellular and humoral immune responses. Gene treatment ended after 2 years, but integrated vector and ADA gene expression in T cells persisted. Although many components remain to be perfected, it is concluded here that gene therapy can be a safe and effective addition to treatment for some patients with this severe immunodeficiency disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blaese, R M -- Culver, K W -- Miller, A D -- Carter, C S -- Fleisher, T -- Clerici, M -- Shearer, G -- Chang, L -- Chiang, Y -- Tolstoshev, P -- Greenblatt, J J -- Rosenberg, S A -- Klein, H -- Berger, M -- Mullen, C A -- Ramsey, W J -- Muul, L -- Morgan, R A -- Anderson, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):475-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/administration & ; dosage/blood/*deficiency/*genetics/therapeutic use ; Antibody Formation ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Lymphocytes/enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/enzymology/immunology/*therapy ; *T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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