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  • Solar Physics  (4)
  • Atomic emission detection  (2)
  • Capillary electrochromatography
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1995  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line coupling of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection for analysis of trace pollutants in aqueous samples (1995)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 40 (1995), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Aqueous samples ; Solid-phase extraction ; Organophosphorus pesticides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An on-line, solid-phase extraction gas chromatography atomic-emission detection (SPE-GC-AED) system has been set up using an on-column interface to transfer 100 μl of desorbing solvent to the GC part of the system. Analytical characteristics such as recovery, precision and linearity of calibration plots were comparable with those of the off-line combination of SPE-GC-AED using organophosphorus pesticides as test compounds. The fully on-line set-up causes a marked improvement in detection because of the quantitative transfer of the analytes from the SPE module to the GC: detection limits are as low as 5–20 ng l−1 for the analysis of 10 ml raw and spiked surface water samples using the phosphorus channel. Detection levels can be further enhanced by processing up to 100 ml samples. The integrated analytical system is robust. The potential of the on-line set up has been demonstrated for the analysis of surface water and waste water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272157
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  • 2
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    Dynamic properties of helium ions in the solar wind (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We characterize the dynamic properties of He ions of the solar wind. Because of the non-negligible abundance and the significant fraction of momentum flux inherent in helium ions, this species has an influence on the state of turbulence. Especially, we analyze the helium dynamic properties of different solar wind types. After a discussion of the influence of measurement errors on the statistical analysis of He bulk velocities, we investigate the structure function dependency on the solar wind state. We find a self-similar sealing in the range of minutes to days with characteristic structure function slopes deviating from the canonical Kolmogorov values. For comparison with previous studies, we also analyze H structure functions of the same time periods and discuss differences of coinciding He and H structure functions in the framework of the concept of intermittency.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: International Solar Wind 8 Conference; 73; NASA-CR-199940
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Test particle study of minor ions in solar wind turbulence (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We perform a parameter study of the temporal evolution of a test particle distribution function in MHD turbulence. The turbulent fields are calculated using a pseudo-spectral method and periodic boundary conditions on a regular grid of 180(exp 3) points, appropriate for incompressible, homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. Initially, the kinetic and the magnetic energy are equal on the average. Both, deterministic and random initial conditions are used, in the former case with zeros of the magnetic field located at grid points, in the latter case located by interpolation between grid points. The evolution of the minor ion distribution function is studied in detail as these turbulent fields evolve, developing strong current and vorticity sheets. Using the full collisionless equation of motion for the test particles, the efficiency of nonlinear interactions can be studied. The results are compared to theoretical predictions and are then discussed in connection with the observations of the dynamical properties of solar wind minor ions derived from in situ observations.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: ; 82
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Some features of the small-scale solar wind fluctuations (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We have investigated small-scale variations of the solar wind ion flux measured with Faraday cups onboard the Prognoz-8 satellite. These measurements have a high time resolution of 1.24 seconds for intervals with a duration of several hours and as high as 0.02 seconds for some periods of about 1 hour duration. The main goal of this work is the determination of the quantitative features of fast ion flux fluctuations using mainly spectral analysis but also other methods. We also identify their association with interplanetary plasma parameters. Particularly, it is shown that the slope of the power spectra in the frequency range from 1E-4 to 6E-2 Hz is close to the classical Kolmogorov (-5/3) law. We also discuss some intervals with a very high level of the relative amplitude of flux fluctuations (10-20 percent) which were observed near the Earth's bow shock in the foreshock region. The use of the wavelet method for the long time series allows us to study the temporal evolution of power spectra.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: ; 82
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Elemental composition in the slow solar wind measured with the MASS instrument on WIND (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The MASS instrument on WIND contains the first isochronous time-offlight spectrometer to be flown in the solar wind. The first spectra obtained with this instrument has demonstrated its capability to measure the abundances of several high-and low-FIP elements in the solar wind. The derivation of these abundances requires a careful calibration of the charge exchange efficiencies of the relevant ions in carbon foils. These efficiencies and the corresponding instrument functions have been determined in extensive calibration campaigns at different institutions. We present first and preliminary results obtained in slow solar wind streams and we compare these results with those obtained from previous investigations of solar wind abundances and of coronal abundances as derived from Solar Energetic Particles. Recent models of the FIP related fractionation effect predict a depletion of a factor of typically 4 to 5 for high-FIP elements (He, N, O, Ne, Ar, etc.) relative to low-FIP elements (Mg, Fe, Si, etc.). We also compare our results with the detailed predictions of the different models and we discuss the resulting evidence to validate or to invalidate different physical scenarios explaining the feeding and the acceleration of slow stream solar wind.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: ; 35
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous liquid-liquid extraction combined on-line with capillary gas chromatography-atomic emission detection for environmental analysis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 38-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: On-line extraction ; Large volume introduction ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Atomic emission detection ; Solvent venting ; Pesticides ; Ground water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The on-line coupling of a liquid-liquid extraction system with capillary gas chromatography using atomic emission detection (GC-AED) has been studied. The required large volumes of about 100 μl of an iso-octane solution can be introduced into the GC-AED system by using the AED solvent vent and a solvent vapor exit in front of the capillary analytical column. Test solutions containing several pesticides were detected using the carbon, chlorine, nitrogen and sulfur channels. Analyte detectability (in concentration units) was improved significantly and low concentractions of the test compounds could be determined (1-5 ng/ml). Aqueous samples were on-line extracted and analyzed. The precision of the large-volume injection itself as well as the total extraction-GC-AED system was satisfactory (RSD of ca. 2 and 4%, respectively). As a real-life application, several ground water samples were screened.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180109
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