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  • Chemistry  (767)
  • Chemical Engineering  (70)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (767)
  • 1995-1999  (767)
  • 1995  (767)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 49-65 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell cycle ; apoptosis ; hybridoma ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Model presented in this work demonstrates the combination of cell-cycle model with a model describing the growth and conversion kinetics of hybridoma cells in a steady-state continuous culture. The cell-cycle model is based upon a population balance model as described by Cazzador et al. and assumes the existence of a cycling-and apoptotic-cell population, which together form the viable-cell population. In this part the fraction of apoptotic cells, the age distribution of the cycling and apoptotic-cell population, the mean volume and biomass content per cell of the cycling, apoptotic, and viable cells, and the specific growth and death rates of the cells are calculated. The metabolic part consists of a Monod-type growth equation, four elemental balances, an equation assuming a constant yield of ammonia on glutamine, an equation for product formation, and the relation of Glacken for energy production. Furthermore, a maintenance-energy model for the consumption of glucose and glutamine is introduced, which combines the approaches of Herbert and Pirt into one model in a way similar to Beeftink et al. For energy consumption a Pirt model is assumed. The model is capable of predicting trends in steady-state vaues of a large number of variables of interest like specific growth rate, specific death rate, viability, cell numbers, mean viable-cell volume, and concentrations and conversion rates of product, glucose, glutamine, lactate, and ammonia. Also the concentrations and conversion rates of oxygen and carbon dioxide are qualitatively predicted. The values of the model predictions are generally close to experimental data obtained from literature. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 331-346 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Any simultaneous interpenetrating network (SIN) synthesis contains three key events. These are gelation of polymer I, gelation of polymer II, and phase separation of polymer I from polymer II. Metastable phase diagrams of SINs are developed, in which the time occurrence of these three events is represented. A polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PU/PMMA) system was chosen as a model. Polymerization kinetics were followed in situ for both PU and PMMA using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with the aid of a heated demountable cell. Glass transitions of fully cured samples were determined by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Phase separation was determined by the onset of turbidity, and gelation of the first gelling polymer was determined by the sudden resistance of the system to flow. As a result, a metastable phase diagram was constructed for the four-component SIN system (the two monomers and their respective polymers) as a tetrahedron in three dimensions with the two monomers and two polymers at the four apexes. Phase separation and gelations of the two polymers are indicated by various surfaces. These surfaces intersect at lines and curves, representing unique conditions of an SIN synthesis, e.g., simultaneous gelation of both polymers, or simultaneous phase separation and gelation of polymer I, etc. These conditions are critical in terms of the development of the SIN morphology, dividing the reaction space into specific regions. Finally, it is shown how the tetrahedron diagram helps visualize the course of the three key events during SIN synthesis, and provides direction for controlling them. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1661-1668 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The service lifetime and performance for a prosthetic and orthotic thermoplastic, SubortholenTM, was measured using correlations between artificial and natural weathering degradation data of (1) the accumulated carbonyl compound concentration at the polymer surface, (2) changes in thickness of the surface reaction zone, and (3) changes in hardness and tensile properties. An empirical, mathematical relationship between artificial and natural weathering exposures is presented. Results show that the hardness degradation is a useful parameter to estimate the different stages in clinical performance of Subortholen. Corroborating hardness, tensile properties, and weathering exposure time, the service lifetime for Subortholen was determined to be 4-6 years. This finding indicates that the correlation between artificial and natural weathering degradation may provide an effective way to calculate the most appropriate time to replace a worn prosthetic or orthotic device before the device passes into a dangerous stage. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Vanadium(IV) complexes ; syntheses ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions and Thermal Behaviour of Nonoxo Vanadium(IV) Complexes. Crystal Structures of Methoxo-oxo[thenoyltrifluoroacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) and Methoxo-oxo[benzoylacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V)The persistence of non-oxo vanadium(IV) complexes in dichlormethane/methanol/water solutions was studied by UV/VIS spectroscopy. The reaction products methoxo-oxo-[thenoyltrifluoroacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) and methoxo-oxo[benzoylacetone-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) were isolated and characterized by X-ray analysis. The thermal behaviour of non-oxo vanadium(IV) complexes was checked.
    Notes: Die Beständigkeit oxofreier Vanadium(IV)-Komplexe mit dreizähnigen diaciden Liganden in Dichlormethan/Methanol/Wasser wurde UV/VIS-spektroskopisch untersucht. Als Reaktionsprodukte wurden Methoxo-oxo-[thenoyl-trifluoraceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) sowie Methoxo-oxo-[benzoylaceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) isoliert und röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisiert. Das thermische Verhalten der oxofreien Vanadium(IV)-Komplexe wurde analysiert.Methoxo-oxo-[thenoyltrifluoraceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]-vanadium(V), Raumgruppe P21/a2, Z = 4, 3 124 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,0579, Gitterabmessungen bei 25°C; a = 800,0(2) pm, b = 2 027,3(6) pm, c = 1 165,0(3) pm, β = 109,03(2)° Methoxo-oxo-[benzoylaceton-salicylhydrazonato(2-)]vanadium(V) Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, 2 312 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,031, Gitterabmessungen bei 25°C: a = 1 122,6(1) pm, b = 772,96(9) pm, c = 2 021,2(4) pm, β = 95,32(1)°.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Manganese(IV) Chelates, Salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone and salicylhydrazone ; Mass Spectra ; Crystal Structure, Acetylacetonato-salicylaldehydebenzoylhydrazonato(2-)-methanol-manganese(III) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Manganese(IV) Complexes with Tridentate Diacidic Ligands. Crystal Structure of Acetyl-acetonato-salicylaldehydebenzoylhydrazonato(2-)-methanol-manganese(III)The manganese(IV) chelates of salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone and salicylaldehyde salicylhydrazone were synthesized by ligand exchange reactions using bis(acetylacetonato)manganese(II), tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) as well as manganese(III) acetate. The brown complexes show the expected molecular ions in the APCI mass spectra. As an intermediate compound acetyacetonato-salicylaldehydebenzoylhydrazonato(2-)-methanol-manganese(III) was isolated and characterized by X-ray structural analysis. Crystallographic data see “Inhaltsübersicht”.
    Notes: Durch Ligandenaustauschreaktion von Bis(acetylacetonato)mangan(II) und Tris(acetylacetonato)mangan(III) bzw. Mangan(III)-acetat mit Salicylaldehydbenzoylhydrazon und -salicylhydrazon wurden die Mangan(IV)-Chelate dieser Liganden dargestellt. Die braunen Verbindungen zeigen im APCI-positiv Massenspektrum die erwarteten Molekülionen. Für das Zwischenprodukt Acetylacetonato-salicylaldehydbenzoylhydrazonato(2-)-methanol-mangan(III) wurde die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur bestimmt: Gitterabmessungen bei 293 K; a = 754,3(2) pm, b = 1 027,3(6) pm, c = 1 357,4(5) pm, α = 79,64(4)°, β = 76,51(3)°, γ = 70,45(4)°, Raumgruppe P1 (Nr. 2), Z = 2, 3297 unabhängige Reflexe, R = 3,84%.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 671-674 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine ; Complexes of Titanium(IV), Vanadium(IV), Manganese(IV), Tin(IV) ; Mass Spectra ; Mössbauer Data ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complexes with N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine (H4tben). Crystal Structure of Ti(tben)The complexes of N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-ethylenediamine with titanium(IV), vanadium(IV), manganese(IV), and tin(IV) were synthesized and characterized by mass spectrometry. The Mössbauer date were evaluated for the tin compound. The molecular structure of the titanium(IV) complex was determined by X-ray structural analysis, crystallographic data see “Inhaltsübersicht”.
    Notes: Es wurden die Komplexe von N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylendiamin mit Titan(IV), Vanadium(IV), Mangan(IV) und Zinn(IV) hergestellt und massenspektrometrisch charakterisiert. Für die Zinn-Verbindung wurden die Mössbauer-Daten ermittelt. Die Molekülstruktur des Titan(IV)-Komplexes wurde röntgenstrukturanalytisch bestimmt. N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylendiaminato(4-)titan(IV): Raumgruppe P21/c (Nr. 14), Z = 4, 3949 Zahl der beobachteten Intensitäten, R = 0,0539, Gitterabmessung bei 20°C; a = 10,447(3) Å, b = 20,668(5) Å, c = 13,420(3) Å, b̃ = 101,93(5) Å
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: When poly(methyl methacrylate) films containing UV absorbers are exposed to UV light, the absorbers undergo photodegradation resulting in loss of absorbance. If the data extend for less than one half-life, both zero and first order kinetic treatment give fairly linear fits, but the rate constants so derived are dependent on the initial absorbance of the films. When the zero order rate constants are corrected to account for the higher rate of degradation near the surface compared with the bulk that occurs in highly absorbing films, consistent “infinite absorption” zero order rate constants are derived. The inhomogeneous degradation is due to only the highly absorbed, higher energy light contributing significantly to the degradation. For the benzophenone and benzotriazole classes of absorber, at least 65% of the degradation is due to light with wavelengths 〈 350 nm. Structural variations generally caused only small differences in the rates of degradation of these classes of absorbers unless the substitutions disrupted the intramolecular hydrogen bonds that are critical for stability. If the hydrogen bond is weakened, the absorber is less stable.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 35 (1995), S. 543-553 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the design of hybrid molecules to bind in the minor groove of B-DNA, which combine DNA alkylating and cross-linking ability for increased chemotherapeutic efficacy, with sequence specificity, to minimize side effects. Optimal linkage geometries have been determined for the synthesis of bis-anthramycin and anthramycin-netropsin hybrid molecules. Earlier studies on linked drugs have typically been based on molecular mechanics calculations. This work, in contrast, uses the observed crystal structures of a netropsin/DNA complex and a new anthramycin/DNA complex to determine the exact spacing between two individual drugs when bound in the minor groove of B-DNA. Molecular linkers then are designed and tested between these two experimental positions, to form a chimeric or bis-linked compound molecule. A linked anthramycin-netropsin molecule has been designed specifically to target the polypurine tract second-strand primer site of the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 633-642 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: free radicals ; grafting ; kinetics ; methacrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of grafting a basic monomer, 2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) to hydrocarbon substrates have been investigated. These systems were chosen as models for the grafting of a homopolymerizable monomer to polyolefins such as polyethylene. The reactions with squalane and n-eicosane were initiated by an organic peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl 2,5 dit-butylperoxy)-3-hexyne; grafting yields become significant at high reaction temperatures and low monomer concentrations. In squalane, the order of reaction with respect to monomer increased from about 1.1 for 0.22-0.44M DMAEMA to almost 2 at 0.69M DMAEMA; the order with respect to initiator was 0.56. The overall activation energy in the 130-160°C temperature range was, however, surprisingly low, 42±5 kJ mol-1. When analytical data were used to separate the overall rate into those for grafting and homopolymerization, different kinetic paths were observed for the competing reactions. These results are interpreted in terms of two different mechanisms; intramolecular chain transfer plays an important role in grafting, while depropagation becomes a major factor in homopolymerization at temperatures above 150°C. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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