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Digitale Medien

E(transverse optical)-mode properties in the LiTaO3:Nd crystal at room temperature (1995)

Wu, X. ; Zhang, M.-S. ; Chen, Q. ; [weitere]

Springer

Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 317-320

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ISSN: 1432-0630

Schlagwort(e): PACS: 78.30.−j 63.20.−e

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Abstract. E(TO)-mode properties in LiTaO3:Nd crystal were examined by analyzing the Raman spectra measured. E(TO) modes appear in the transverse A 1 spectrum. Their intensities obviously increase in the E and E+A 1 mixed-symmetry spectra but decrease in the E spectrum which shows new vibrational modes. In particular, in the transverse-E spectrum of y(xz)y¯ geometry, the properties of E(TO) modes are similar to those of pure LiTaO3 of the same geometry, whereas in the transverse-E spectrum in x(yz)x¯ geometry these modes are turned into A 1 (TO) modes. We attribute these properties to both the surface strain produced by mechanical polishing of the sample and the microstructural change of the LiTaO3 crystal resulting from Nd doping.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538411

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Digitale Medien

E(transverse optical)-mode properties in the LiTaO3: Nd crystal at room temperature (1995)

Wu, X. L. ; Zhang, M. S. ; Chen, Q. ; [weitere]

Springer

Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 317-320

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ISSN: 1432-0630

Schlagwort(e): 78.30.-j ; 63.20.-e

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Abstract E(TO)-mode properties in LiTaO3:Nd crystal were examined by analyzing the Raman spectra measured.E(TO) modes appear in the transverseA 1 spectrum. Their intensities obviously increase in theE andE+A 1 mixed-symmetry spectra but decrease in theE spectrum which shows new vibrational modes. In particular, in the transverse-E spectrum of y(xz) $$\bar y$$ geometry, the properties ofE(TO) modes are similar to those of pure LiTaO3 of the same geometry, whereas in the transverse-E spectrum in x(yz) $$\bar x$$ geometry these modes are turned intoA 1 (TO) modes. We attribute these properties to both the surface strain produced by mechanical polishing of the sample and the microstructural change of the LiTaO3 crystal resulting from Nd doping.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538411

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Digitale Medien

Geochemical characteristics of lava-field basalts from eastern Australia and inferred sources: connections with the subcontinental lithospheric mantle? (1995)

O’Reilly, S. Y. ; Zhang, M.

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 121 (1995), S. 148-170

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie

Notizen: Abstract A large new database of major, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios from 11 lava-field provinces in New South Wales and Queensland, eastern Australia allows detailed interpretation of the origin of these basaltic magmas. Isotopic signatures and trace element patterns identify an OIB-type (oceanic island basalt) source as a dominant component for most of these and some provinces appear to have additional significant components derived from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). The SCLM components have geochemical characteristics that overlap those observed in spinel lherzolite xenoliths (samples of shallow lithospheric mantle) from eastern Australia. These SCLM components show geochemical provinciality that indicates the occurrence of distinct geochemical lithospheric domains reflecting the timing and style of tectonic evolution of different regions. One component reflects modification by subduction-related processes during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic, one records enrichment by fluids during old metasomatic events and another suggests a metasomatic event involving a distinctive amphibole and apatite-style enrichment. The composition and age distribution of volcanic lava-field provinces older than 10 Ma are consistent with a model involving a regional upwelling (elongated N–S along eastern Australia) of deep hot mantle related to marginal rifting and with OIB-type source geochemical characteristics. Thermal inhomogeneities within this plume swath resulted in small diapirs which may have undergone melt segregation at about 100 km and incorporated varying amounts of SCLM components there or from higher levels of the SCLM during ascent. Subsequent hot-spot generated central volcanoes overprinted this lava-field volcanism, tapped a similar OIB-type source component and truncated the thermal events.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050096

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Digitale Medien

Electrical impedance analysis in plant tissues: on the biological meaning of Cole-Cole α in Scots pine needles (1995)

Zhang, M. I. N. ; Repo, T. ; Willison, J. H. M. ; [weitere]

Springer

European biophysics journal 24 (1995), S. 99-106

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ISSN: 1432-1017

Schlagwort(e): Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) ; Electrical impedance ; Membrane capacitance ; Transmission line ; Cole-Cole α ; Air space

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Physik

Notizen: Abstract Electrical impedance spectra (80 Hz–1 MHz) in Scots pine needles were found to be characterized by spectrum skewness in the Cole-Cole plot. These spectra were subjected to analysis with two distributed models: (i) the Cole-Cole function and (ii) an equivalent circuit which takes account of the presence of air spaces within the needles (Model-A). In analysis with untreated needles (without artificial infiltration with water), Model-A fitted better than the Cole-Cole function to the experimental data. After infiltration of water into the needles, the extent of spectrum skewness was substantially decreased compared with the pre-infiltration condition and the Cole-Cole function fitted better than Model-A to the measured impedance data. The Cole-Cole α decreased from 0.47 in non-infiltrated needles to 0.42 in the infiltrated needles. The exceptionally large value of α in non-infiltrated needles can be explained by the presence of air spaces, which produce transmission line properties in the mesophyll. In support of the validity of Model-A, this new model provided specific membrane resistances of 1190 ± 83 Ω cm2 in cold hardened and non-hardened needles respectively. These specific membrane resistance are comparable with previous reports of membrane resistances in other biological systems. It is concluded that in this exceptionally spongy tissue, Cole-Cole α is likely to be due to the effects of the transmission line properties of cells which are surrounded by air spaces and only thin cell walls outside the insulating cell membranes.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211405

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5

Digitale Medien

Thermally induced phase transitions in tridymite: an infrared spectroscopy study (1995)

Cellai, D. ; Carpenter, M. A. ; Kirkpatrick, R. J. ; [weitere]

Springer

Physics and chemistry of minerals 22 (1995), S. 50-60

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ISSN: 1432-2021

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Abstract The temperature dependence of the infrared active modes of meteoritic and synthetic tridymite have been investigated between 23 K and 1073 K in IR absorption and IR emission experiments. At room temperature both tridymite samples consist of a mixture of low temperature forms, in different proportions, due to the grinding. The sequence of phase transitions in Steinbach tridymite deduced from the IR data agrees well with recent X-ray and calorimetry studies using identical samples (Cellai et al. 1994). The previously suspected structural phase transition P6322⇔P63/mmc is confirmed by the disappearance of the 470 cm-1 mode and a temperature anomaly of the spectral shift of the 790 cm-1 mode. Changes in the infrared spectra of synthetic tridymite give a different sequence of phase transitions from those of the meteoritic sample, consistent with the structural phase transitions observed in a 29Si MAS NMR investigation using the same sample (Xiao et al. 1993).

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202680

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6

Digitale Medien

Cosmic ray modulation in the 3-D heliosphere (1995)

McKibben, R. B. ; Connell, J. J. ; Lopate, C. ; [weitere]

Springer

Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 367-378

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ISSN: 1572-9672

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Abstract The basic physical processes that lead to the long-term modulation of cosmic rays by the solar wind have been known for many years. However our knowledge of the structure of the heliosphere, which determines which processes are most important for the modulation, and of the variation of this structure with time and solar activity level is still incomplete. Study of the modulation provides a tool for probing the scale and structure of the heliosphere. While the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft are surveying the radial structure and extent of the heliosphere at modest heliographic latitudes, theUlysses mission is the first to undertake a nearly complete scan of the latitudinal structure of the modulated cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere (R〈5.4 AU).Ulysses will reach latitudes of ∼80°S in September 1994 and ∼80°N in July 1995 during the approach to minimum activity in the 11 year solar cycle. We present a first report of measurements extending to latitudes of ∼52°S, which show surprisingly little latitudinal effect in the modulated intensities and suggest that at this time modulation in the inner heliosphere may be much more spherically symmetric than had generally been believed based upon models and previous observations.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768807

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7

Digitale Medien

Ulysses out-of-ecliptic observations of “27-day” variations in high energy cosmic ray intensity (1995)

Mckibben, R. B. ; Simpson, J. A. ; Zhang, M. ; [weitere]

Springer

Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 403-408

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ISSN: 1572-9672

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Abstract We report the discovery that for latitudes above ∼40°S, the observed recurring modulation of cosmic rays and anomalous nuclei occurs without the detection byUlysses of the solar wind velocity and magnetic field recurring enhancements that have, heretofore at lower latitudes, defined corotating interaction regions—i.e., the mechanism producing the recurring intensity variations 〉40°S appears to be located beyond the radial range ofUlysses.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768812

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