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  • Articles  (56)
  • Elsevier  (39)
  • Springer  (17)
  • 1995-1999  (56)
  • 1995  (56)
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  • Articles  (56)
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  • 1995-1999  (56)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence on primate phylogeny from ε-globin gene sequences and flanking regions (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 40 (1995), S. 30-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Primates ; Strepsirhines ; Aye-aye ; Lemurs ; Phylogeny ; ε-globin gene ; Molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among various primate groups were examined based on sequences of ε-globin genes. ε-globin genes were sequenced from five species of strepsirhine primates. These sequences were aligned and compared with other known primate ε-globin sequences, including data from two additional strepsirhine species, one species of tarsier, 19 species of New World monkeys (representing all extant genera), and five species of catarrhines. In addition, a 2-kb segment upstream of the ε-globin gene was sequenced in two of the five strepsirhines examined. This upstream sequence was aligned with five other species of primates for which data are available in this segment. Domestic rabbit and goat were used as outgroups. This analysis supports the monophyly of order Primates but does not support the traditional prosimian grouping of tarsiers, lorisoids, and lemuroids; rather it supports the sister grouping of tarsiers and anthropoids into Haplorhini and the sister grouping of lorisoids and lemuroids into Strepsirhini. The mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) appear to be most closely related to each other, forming a clade with the lemuroids, and are probably not closely related to the lorisoids, as suggested by some morphological studies. Analysis of the ε-globin data supports the hypothesis that the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) shares a sister-group relationship with other Malagasy strepsirhines (all being classified as lemuroids). Relationships among ceboids agree with findings from a previous ε-globin study in which fewer outgroup taxa were employed. Rates of molecular evolution were higher in lorisoids than in lemuroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166594
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Essay review: The history of scientific illustration (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 28 (1995), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059392
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic interaction of fumonisin B1 and fusaric acid measured by injection into fertile chicken egg (1995)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 129 (1995), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Chicken embryo ; Fumonisin ; Fusarium moniliforme ; Maize ; Toxic fungus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Toxic interactions of fusaric acid and fumonisin B1, two mycotoxins produced byFusarium moniliforme, were studied in the chicken embryo. The yolk sacs of fertile White Leghorn eggs were injected before incubation with separate and combined solutions of either fusaric acid and or fumonisin B1. The toxins were administered in either a sterile 10 mM buffered phosphate solution, pH 6.90, which produced a final pH of 6.6 ± 0.2, or sterile distilled water. Toxicity was based on absence of egg pip at the end of the 21-day incubation period. Toxins administered in the phosphate buffer solution were more toxic than those administered in distilled water. When both toxins were combined in equal concentrations and injected into eggs, increased toxicity resulted. Fusaric acid was shown to be a mild toxin to the eggs and when a relatively nontoxic concentration of it was combined with graded doses of fumonisin B1, a synergistic toxic response was obtained. Fusaric acid is only moderately toxic to the chicken egg, however its co-occurrence with other fusaria toxins found on corn and other cereals might present possible antagonisms or synergisms. The results of this egg model suggest that fusaric acid might play a role in enhanced and unpredicted toxicity in mammalian systems if it is consumed with other mycotoxins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01139334
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of modern infrared thermography for wildlife population surveys (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental management 19 (1995), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Infrared ; Wildlife ; Population ; Surveys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A commercially available thermal-infrared scanning system was used to survey populations of several wildlife species. The system's ability to detect species of different sizes in varying habitats relative to conventional survey methods, to differentiate between species in the same habitat, and the influence of environtmental factors on operational aspects of employing this technology in the field were evaluated. Total costs for the surveys were approximately $0.36/ha. There were marked discrepancies in the counts of untrained observers and those from trained analysis. Computer-assisted analysis of infrared imagery recorded 52% fewer deer than were estimated from drive counts, and densities of moose were five times those estimated from conventional aerial methods. By flying concentric circles and using telephoto, detailed counts of turkeys and deer were possible. With the aid of computer-assisted analysis, infrared thermography may become a useful wildlife population survey tool. More research is needed to verify the actual efficiency of detection by combining aerial scans with ground truthing for a variely of species and habitals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471993
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The geometry of decoupled line driven winds (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 224 (1995), S. 541-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Be stars ; wind ; mass loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bjorkman & Cassinelli (1993) have proposed a mechanism that is expected to produce strong equatorial focusing of the radiation-driven winds from rapidly-rotating B stars. Here the possibility of the decoupling of the stellar radiation field and the outflow is considered. We find that greater equator to pole density ratios may be generated than the standard model, bringing it more into line with results implied by observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667945
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase gene, dhod, during spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 246 (1995), S. 334-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Transcriptional regulation ; Translational regulation ; Pyrimidine biosynthesis ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The dhod gene encodes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase), which catalyzes the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. In addition to the common 1.5 kb dhod RNA expressed by embryos and females, adult males produce a group of slightly longer RNAs. Evidence is presented that the latter RNAs arise through transcription initiation at sites upstream from that of the common RNA and expression of these male-specific RNAs is limited to spermatogenesis. In situ hybridization analysis shows that these RNAs accumulate during spermatocyte growth and persist through meiosis and early spermatid differentiation. In contrast, DHOdehase activity is virtually absent in spermatocytes, meiotic cells, and in early spermatid cysts, then it becomes highly abundant in elongated spermatid cysts and disappears in late spermatogenesis. Thus, testis-limited expression of dhod conforms to a model proposed for other genes that function during spermiogenesis : transcription in spermatocytes, storage of translationally inactive RNA through meiosis, translation of the RNA during spermiogenesis. Very similar expression of a testis promoter-lacZ fusion transgene indicates that sequences required for the spermatogenesis transcription and translation patterns are confined to the 5′ end of the dhod gene. Deletion analysis of that 5′ region delimits all sequences necessary for spermatid expression of the transgene to a 89 by fragment. These results are discussed in the contexts of known mechanisms of gene regulation during spermatogenesis and potential roles of DHOdehase during spermiogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288606
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional technology and economic growth (1995)
    Springer
    Public choice 82 (1995), S. 17-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract An endogenous model of constitutional changes and economic growth links the temporal decline in private market returns when technology is constant with the returns to rule changes realized in a political market. There is a steady state constitutional setting in which all rule changes have been incorporated that is analytically equivalent to the neoclassical steady state. As in the neoclassical model, private-sector technological progress postpones the steady state. To the extent the original constitutional setting promotes innovation, the evolutionary process toward the steady state is delayed. The model yields a theory of revolution based on forces leading to the adoption of inefficient changes in the constitutional setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047727
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the viscosity-temperature behavior of polymer melts (1995)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 34 (1995), S. 496-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Viscosity temperature ; polymer melts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the free volume concept and the equation by Doolittle, an empirical equation is offered for the flow activation energy, E *, for polymer melts for the range of over 150°C above glass transition temperature, T g. This E * represents the temperature coefficient of viscosity for the Newtonian region which is also equal to the value measured at constant shear stress for non-Newtonian flow. Data show that the E * of linear polymers approaches a constant value for a temperature range above T g+150°C. Data on 17 polymers are correlated. The proposed equation for this region predicts the E * of polymer melts from the volume expansion coefficient, αl, above T g and also from the T g. Correlations have also been developed between E * and α l and between E * and T g by simplifying the equation by use of the Simha-Boyer expression. A polymer having a lower α l or higher T g generally has a higher E *. However, more satisfactory results are obtained by calculating E * from both α l and T g. The E * calculated is found to agree with measurements within the experimental precision of about ±1 Kcal/mole. The effects of polymer composition, molecular weight, branching and microstructure on E * are also discussed. These factors influence E * in the way in which they effect α l and T g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396562
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location and X-ray emission of shocks around isolated be stars (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 233 (1995), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract All hot stars are observed to have X-ray emission: O stars haveL X /L bol∼ 10−7, whilst B stars' emission drops off with spectral subtype. Dynamical instability of OB star radiatively driven winds generates shocked regions which may be responsible for the bulk of the X-rays observed. The wind-compressed disc model of Bjorkman & Cassinelli (1993) presents another site for X-ray emission. The disc formed in the equatorial plane of a fast rotating Be star from equatorward drift of wind streamlines is confined on both sides by a shock which may also generate X-rays. As the X-ray emission originating from the wind shocking is ubiquitous amongst B and Be stars then the wind-compressed disc model näively predicts that Be stars should generate more X-rays than B stars of equivalent spectral subtype. The X-ray emission from the shocks confining compression discs has been calculated and compared to a limited set of observations. The excess X-ray emission from the Be star disc shocks is found to be undetectable over the inherent wind shocking emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627367
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1995)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 27 (1995), S. 789-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02105324
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