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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (10)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1995  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 123 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We have investigated the shear-wave polarization anisotropy in the north-eastern Japan arc by using waveforms from many local earthquakes at various depths. We used a cross-correlation method to detect the shear-wave splitting. For intermediate-depth and deep events, the observed fast shear-wave oscillation directions (FSODs) are oriented parallel to the dip direction of the slab at the western stations, while they are oriented perpendicular to the dip direction at the eastern stations. These observations indicate that significant anisotropy exists in the mantle wedge, and that its nature is quite different between the eastern and the western parts.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 120 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A remarkable later phase has been detected in seismograms between P- and S-wave arrivals at epicentral distances of about 150 km or more for events occurring in the north-eastern Japan arc. The characteristics of this phase support an interpretation as an sP phase at small epicentral distances, an upgoing S wave from the focus which is then reflected and converted to a P wave at the Earth's surface, diving into the Earth again, and finally reaching the observation stations. The arrival-time difference between this phase and the first P wave is very sensitive to the focal depths of events, and is useful for accurate estimation of the focal depths of those events, in a similar way to using teleseismic depth phases of pP and sP. The utilization of this phase has the advantage of yielding estimates of focal depths for relatively small magnitude events that do not have enough energy to generate teleseismic waves. By using the observed sP phases at small epicentral distances, shallow events beneath the Pacific Ocean in the north-eastern Japan arc, whose focal depths are poorly constrained by the land seismograph network of Tohoku University, have been relocated. The estimated hypocentre distribution, together with the focal mechanism solutions of some of the events, shows that the Pacific plate beneath this region subducts at an extremely low dip angle of less than 10d̀ for the first descent to about 20 km depth and then gradually becomes a steeper dip angle of about 30d̀ at depths deeper than 30 km.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 60 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Juice and seeds from 16 cultivars of mature pummelo fruits were analyzed for limonoid content. Pummelo juice contained an average of 18 ppm limonin and 29 ppm total limonoid glucosides. Compared to other juices, ptmnnelo contained very high concentrations of limonin and very low concentrations of limonoid glucosides. Limonin, nomilin, obacunone and trace amounts of deacetyhromilin were found in pummelo seeds. The 17–β-D-glucopyranoside derivatives (glucosides) of nomilin, nomilinic acid and obacunone were also present. Total limonoid aglycone concentration in the seeds ranged from 773 ppm to 9,900 ppm and total limonoid glucosides ranged from 130 ppm to 1,912 ppm.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Osmotin gene expression and protein synthesis were up-regulated in young tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rheinlands Ruhm) plants after a short exposure (24 h) to 150 mM NaCl or 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA) or after dehydration to 80% of original plant fresh weight. Osmotically induced accumulation of osmotin mRNA was accompanied by a large increase in endogenous ABA levels. Increasing accumulation of osmotin protein was also observed during a longer exposure (7 days) to salt. Upon treatment with NaCl. osmotin mRNA levels increased in both root and leaf tissues. with an additional longer transcript induced in roots. No induction of osmotin mRNA was observed upon salt or water stress of the tomato ABA-deficient mutant sitiens. Treatment of sitiens with exogenous ABA induced osmotin mRNA accumulation to the level normally found in salt-treated wild-type plants. However, salt stress alone enhanced accumulation of osmotin mRNA in plants of another tomato mutant (flacca) which is also impaired in ABA synthesis. In tobacco plants carrying an osmotin promoter/β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion gene, NaCl induction of GUS could be only partially blocked by the ABA inhibitor fluoridone. In flacca plants simultaneous treatment with NaCl and ABA resulted in higher levels of osmotin transcript compared to those following treatment with NaCl alone. No accumulation of osmotin protein was observed after short- or long-term osmotic treatments of the mutants. Our results support previous evidence that osmotin gene expression may be triggered in part through ABA and in part through a separate pathway of gene activation.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 95 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Arachidonic acid (AA), a fatty-acid fungal elicitor, and a cellulase preparation from Aspergillus niger, a protein-type fungal elicitor, induced osmotin gene expression. Both elicitors activated the osmotin promoter fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in a tissue-specific manner in tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38). The cellulase preparation was more effective than AA at the concentrations tested and, unlike AA, also induced the accumulation of osmotin mRNA and protein. Combinations of AA and the cellulase preparation had a greater than additive effect on the activation of the osmotin promoter and the accumulation of osmotin mRNA and protein. Both AA and the cellulase preparation, when applied separately, were virtually ineffective in the induction of the osmotin promoter in cotyledon tissues. However, together they were able to induce synergistically GUS fused to the osmotin promoter. Increases in osmotin-promoter-driven GUS activity and accumulation of osmotin mRNA induced by AA, the cellulase preparation or their combination were reversed by norbornadiene, an ethylene action inhibitor, indicating that ethylene is involved in the induction of the osmotin gene by these elicitors.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Germinating seeds of many species contain two types of β-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS, EC 4.4.1.9) that convert HCN to β-cyanoalanine. One is cytoplasmic CAS (cyt-CAS), which is precipitated by 50 to 60% (NH4)2SO4 and has a pH optimum of 10.5. Cytoplasmic CAS is present at high levels in dry seed and its activity does not increase during imbibition. The activity of cyt-CAS is not affected by exogenously applied ethylene (C2H4), except in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Sasanishiki). The second type of CAS found in seed is mitochondrial CAS (mit-CAS), which is precipitated by 60 to 70% (NH4)2SO4 and has a pH optimum of 9.5. Mitochondrial CAS is present at low levels in dry seed, and its activity increases greatly during imbibition in the seeds of all species tested. Exposure to C2H4 stimulated mit-CAS activity in seeds of rice, barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Hadakamugi). cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Kagafushinari) and cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum). The increase in the mit-CAS activity in cocklebur in response to C2H4 commenced alter a lag period of 2 to 3 h when the duration of soaking was short (16 h), but commenced without a lag period when the seeds were soaked for three months. Application of both chloramphenicol and cycloheximide to the axial and cotyledonary tissues of cocklebur seeds strongly inhibited growth as well as the increase in mit-CAS activity. It is postulated that the mit-CAS is synthesized de novo during imbibition and that its activity is regulated by C2H4, CO2 which also promotes seed germination in some species, was ineffective m stimulating mit-CAS activity in cocklebur seeds.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a study on improving utilization of waste from processing of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcov.) the limonoid glucosides of fruit, juice, and by-products were measured using HPLC and TLC. All materials had the 17-β-D-glucopyranoside derivatives of limonoids reported in other commercial citrus fruit. Citrus molasses was a good source for industrial scale extraction of limonoid glucosides. An extraction system using polystyrene divinylbenzene resins, was developed which could be expanded to industrial scale.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Virulence of Rhocococcus equi ATCC 33701 and its plasmid-cured derivative ATCC 33701P− was compared in BALB/c and C3H/HeJ mice in terms of bacterial growth kinetics and histological changes in the liver, spleen and lungs, and humoral immune responses. Injection with a sublethal dose of 106 ATCC 33701 in mice resulted in microabscess formation after rapid multiplication in the liver and spleen by day 4, and then the bacteria were gradually eliminated with the formation of granuloma and the production of specific antibodies against 15- to 17-kDa antigens of the virulent bacteria. By contrast, ATCC 33701P− was avirulent as shown by early elimination of viable bacteria and no evidence of net multiplication in the organs. Histopathological changes consisted of only slight, transient infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the liver. Although live ATCC 33701P− did not evoke any humoral or histological responses in the mice, a large inoculum (108) of killed ATCC 33701 and ATCC 33701P− resulted in the formation of granuloma in the liver and accelerated extramedullary hemopoiesis in the spleen. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of R. equi infection involves at least two important virulence determinants, both of which play critical roles in the disease: one is the virulence plasmid, which is required for R. equi to resist and grow within host cells; and the other is the granulomagenic activity that is related to the lipids and nature of the cell wall of the species, which induces the characteistic pathological changes.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) Pgf-II specific for a 72-kDa major cell-surface protein (72K-CSP) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis OMZ 409 was prepared. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that mAb Pgf-II reacted with 72K-CSP but not with 41-kDa fimbrial subunit protein (41K-fimbrilin) derived from P. gingivalis 381. Electron microscopic observation revealed that P. gingivalis OMZ 409 possessed peritrichous, thin fimbriae on their surface. Immunogold electron microscopy also demonstrated that mAb Pgf-II bound to the 72K-CSP examined with the gold particles arranged along the fibril array originating from the cell surface of the bacteria. These findings suggested that P. gingivalis 72K-CSP was identifiable as another fimbriae (termed Pg-II fimbriae) different from the fimbriae (termed Pg-I fimbriae) composed of a 41K-fimbrilin. Using multipin peptide synthesis technology, 102 sequential overlapping peptides covering the entire 514 amino-acid stretch of Pg-II fimbriae were synthesised. Seven immunodominant regions within Pg-II fimbrial protein molecule, which definitely reacted with the serum of patients with periodontal diseases, were detected.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 127 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cordycepin-resistant mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CD-R2) was found to be deficient in adenosine kinase. This mutant accumulated S-adenosylhomocysteine during growth in the presence of exogenous adenosine and it grew in a pseudohyphal manner in the presence of this nucleotide.
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