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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrolysis-gas chromatography of carbonate apatites used for sintering (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 1451-1457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Gas chromatography was employed to quasi-continuously determine the amount of carbon dioxide that evolved from carbonate apatite specimens during sintering. Assuming that the carbonate in the specimens decomposed to carbon dioxide on a mole-for-mole basis, the determination of the carbon dioxide evolved allowed for the determination of the amount of carbonate that remained in the specimens during different stages of sintering. Previously, this measurement could be carried out only after sintering was completed. Comparison of data obtained from specimens compacted isostatically at 600 MPa for sintering with powder specimens indicated that the amount of carbonate remaining in the sintered apatite mass strongly depended on heating rates, heating temperatures, and holding-time intervals. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820291117
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microgel formation in the free radical crosslinking polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). I. Experimental (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate resin ; microgel ; bimodal polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An important feature of free radical crosslinking polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) resin is the formation of heterogeneous structure through intramolecular reaction. Such structure formation affects not only the cure behavior and rheological changes of the resin but also the physical properties of the formed polymers. In this study, the reaction kinetics, morphological changes, and characteristics of formed polymers were examined by a differential scanning calorimeter, a Rheometrics Dynamic Analyzer, a dynamic light scattering goniometer, and a Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer. Experimental data showed the formation of bimodal polymers before gelation. These polymers are partially crosslinked and can be considered as microgel particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microgel formation in the free radical crosslinking polymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). II. Simulation (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 269-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate resin ; translational diffusion ; segmental diffusion ; microgel ; percolation model ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The simulation of free radical crosslinking polymerizations of multifunctional monomer by a percolation model was performed on a two-dimensional lattice with periodical boundaries. The model was formulated in such a way that a variety of monomers, translational diffusion of monomer and polymer molecules, segmental diffusion of polymer, shielding effects, microgel formation, and unequal reactivities of vinylene bonds can be considered. Simulation results of the 2-D model agreed well with those of a 3-D model. The percolation model was able to qualitatively verify several experimental results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of aromatic amine functional semicrystalline aryl ether ketone macromers (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 779-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(ether ketone) ; amine functionalization ; monofunctional macromer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From earlier experiments it was observed that the reactions of aryl fluoride functional aryl ether ketone oligomers (PEK) with m-aminophenol lead to poor levels of amine incorporation because of side-reactions. In this article, a method is presented to protect the m-aminophenol by converting it into a triarylimine group. This protected m-aminophenol was used together with 4-fluoro,4′-hydroxybenzophenone in a typical poly(aryl ether) synthesis. PEKs of different molecular weights were synthesized with number average molecular weights \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {M}_n$\end{document}) of 2600, 4500, and 5400 g/mol. The deprotection of the triarylimine chain end was carried out by an acid treatment to afford a monofunctional aromatic amine end group, amenable towards copolymerization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330504
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regular boundary integral solution with dual and complementary variational formulations applied to two-dimensional Laplace problems (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Regular boundary integral elements are employed for the dual and complementary variational formulations of Laplace problems. The problems are defined only on the boundary as usual, but as in the manner of charge simulation method (CSM), the source terms are arranged outside the domain so that the singular integral can be avoided. The Laplace problems are analysed and the usefulness of the formulation is discussed in comparison with direct BEM. The scalar potential and electric displacement vector potential functions are used in the dual and complementary formulations, with which the upper and lower bounds of the system energy or the capacitance can also accurately be evaluated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660080205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inulin hydrolysis to fructose by a novel catalyst (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 440-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acidic zeolite LZ-M-8 was used to catalyse the hydrolysis reaction of inulin into fructose. Fructose contents of 96% and 75% were obtained when commercial inulin and Jerusalem artichoke extract were used respectively as substrates. Zeolite LZ-M-8 was found to be extremely selective towards inulin hydrolysis as compared to fructose decomposition. Formation of hydroxymethyl furfural (HmF) was not detected and it was confirmed that zeolite LZ-M-8 does not adsorb HMF. The catalytic activity of the zeolite remained intact upon repeated use of the catalyst. The superiority of the zeolite over other catalysts used in inulin hydrolysis was demonstrated experimentally.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unified and mixed formulation of the 4-node quadrilateral elements by assumed strain method: Application to thermomechanical problems (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 685-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: hourglass and locking control ; large strains ; thermomechanical coupling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a class of ‘assumed strain’ mixed finite element methods based on the Hu-Washizu variational principle is presented. Special care is taken to avoid hourglass modes and shear locking as well as volumetric locking. An unified framework for the 4-node quadrilateral solid and thermal as well as thermomechanical coupling elements with uniform reduced integration (URI) and selective numerical integration (SI) schemes is developed. The approach is simply implemented by a small change of the standard technique and is applicable to arbitrary non-linear constitutive laws including isotropic and anisotropic material behaviours. The implementation of the proposed SI elements is straightforward, while the development of the proposed URI elements requires ‘anti-hourglass stresses’ which are evaluated by classical constitutive equations. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the suggested formulation, including static/dynamic mechanical problems, heat conduction and thermomechanical problems.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620380411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of sodium salts as nucleation agents for polyethylene terephthalate with minimal molecular weight reduction (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1407-1412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The sodium salts of carboxylic acids and other weak acids are routinely used as nucleation agents for injection moldable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) resins. One of the primary drawbacks accompanying their use is the degradation of the PET resulting from the attack of the ester by the sodium carboxylate. Several sodium carboxylates have been found based on pyrrole carboxylic acid that are effective as nucleants but which do not cause a reduction in the molecular weight of PET. In addition, tetraphenyl borate salts, although only marginally effective as nucleants, were observed to be efficient additives to PET for counteracting molecular weight loss caused by chemical nucleants.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351712
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal isomerization and morphology of various polyacetylene films (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyacetylene ; higher-order structure ; cis-trans thermal isomerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two DSC exotherms for cis-trans thermal isomerization of polyacetylene (PA) films were found near 145 and 170°C. These exotherms are related to the higher-order structure of PA films, depending on the sample preparation conditions. The high-temperature peak corresponds to ordered crystallites (A state), which is prominent in conventional Shirakawa polyacetylene (S-PA) and moderately stretchable PA (ms-PA) films. The low-temperature peak corresponds to disordered crystallites (B-state) found in highly stretchable PA (hs-x) films. The distribution of crystalline order in the B state depends on the materials. The A state is transformed to B state upon stretching of ms-PA, but the B state is not transformed to A state by stretching. The supermolecular structure is discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal cis-trans isomerization behavior of polyacetylene films (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 581-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyacetylene ; isothermal cis-trans isomerization ; DSC ; stretched exponential function ; activation energy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Isothermal cis-trans isomerization behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry for conventional Shirakawa polyacetylene (S-PA) film and highly stretchable polyacetylene (hs-x) films synthesized using catalysts aged at high temperature. The rate of isomerization is slower for S-PA than for hs-x. Kinetic results of isomerization are analyzed by a stretched exponential function with exponent n (0 〈 n 〈 1), which is different from the previously assumed single exponential function. An activation energy of 31 kcal/mol was obtained for all the samples. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330407
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