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  • Wiley  (29)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (21)
  • Oxford University Press  (20)
  • 1995-1999  (70)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1995  (70)
  • 1
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    Singular over-representation of an octameric palindrome, HIP1, in DNA from many cyanobacteria (1995)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic wave growth (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 1466-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Evolution of waves subject to a randomly varying growth rate is considered and the statistical properties of the waves are calculated in terms of the mean, variance, and correlation time of the growth rate. This enables stochastic growth to be studied without needing full knowledge of the microphysics. However, where the microphysics is understood, this approach also allows it to be easily incorporated into studies of larger-scale phenomena involving stochastic growth. Stochastic differential equations and Fokker–Planck equations are obtained, which describe the wave evolution in the presence of a variety of linear and nonlinear processes and boundary conditions, and it is shown that these phenomena can be diagnosed observationally through their effects on the statistical distribution of the wave field strengths. The results are particularly useful for waves with small dispersion, where they explain the strong wave clumping often observed in nature and emphasize the role of marginal stability in setting the level about which fluctuations occur and in determining their magnitude. Application to type III solar radio bursts illustrates many of the main results and verifies and generalizes earlier conclusions reached using a less rigorous approach. In particular, a new condition for marginally stable propagation of type III solar electron beams is found. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871362
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-dimensional behavior in dissipative partial differential equations (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 5 (1995), S. 330-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Dissipative partial differential equations have applications throughout the sciences: models of turbulence in fluids, chemical reactions, and morphogenesis in biology can all be written in a general form which allows them to be subjected to a unified analysis. Recent results on these equations show that in many cases they are not as complex as they initially appear, and can be converted into a set of ordinary differential equations. However, most of the relevant references present a bewildering array of terms which can obscure the simple underlying ideas. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce this terminology, motivated by several major results, slowly and by example. Detailed proofs are omitted, but it is hoped that this approach will give a good understanding of and intuitive feel for the subject without recourse to technicalities. Nevertheless, sufficient mathematical detail is included to allow application of these results to many examples. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166081
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First testing of the fast kappa diffractometers at National Synchrotron Light Source and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1765-1767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present the design and first results of the performance of a new four-circle x-ray diffractometer featuring the less-common "kappa'' geometry originally used on the CAD-4 instrument. This geometry permits access to all reciprocal-space settings while the mechanical supports remain entirely on one side of the beam; this is very useful for split ports on bending-magnet beamlines. Our design is able to carry heavy loads, such as a Displex-type cryostat, and operates at relatively high speeds because it uses direct drive servomotors. Considerable attention has been given to the distribution of loads which is optimized for horizontal-axis operation. A sphere of confusion of 50 μm was achieved fairly easily for the mutual alignment of the axes, and this can probably be improved. Our initial tests show that accurate alignment of crystals can be achieved, and reliable measurements have been made on a number of experimental systems. Rocking curves of silicon have been measured, but these are at the limit of the setting accuracy. Arbitrary settings are achieved in about 1 s, but up to an additional 1 s settling time is needed for high accuracy work. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146510
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetrically cut crystals as optical elements for highly collimated x-ray beams : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1506-1509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Asymmetrically cut perfect crystals, in both the Laue and Bragg geometries, are examined as single crystal monochromators for x-ray beams that are collimated to a small fraction of the Darwin width, as is typical in experiments with coherent x rays. Both the Laue and asymmetric Bragg geometries are plagued by an inherent chromatic aberration that increases the beam divergence much beyond that of the symmetric Bragg geometry. Measurements from a recent experiment at the ESRF are presented to compare Si(220) (symmetric Bragg), diamond(111) (asymmetric Laue), and diamond(111) (symmetric Bragg inclined) geometries. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145892
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A beamline for macromolecular crystallography at the Advanced Light Source : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1738-1740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A beamline for macromolecular crystallography has been designed for the ALS. The source will be a 37-pole wiggler with a 2-T on-axis peak field. The wiggler will illuminate three beamlines, each accepting 3 mrad of horizontal aperture. The central beamline will primarily be used for multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion measurements in the wavelength range from 4 to 0.9 A(ring). The beamline optics will comprise a double-crystal monochromator with a collimating premirror and a double-focusing mirror after the monochromator. The two side stations will be used for fixed-wavelength experiments within the wavelength range from 1.5 to 0.95 A(ring). The optics will consist of a conventional vertically focusing cylindrical mirror followed by an asymmetrically cut curved-crystal monochromator. This paper presents details of the optimization of the wiggler source for crystallography, gives a description of the beamline configuration, and discusses the reasons for the choices made. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145835
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of the soft x-ray double crystal monochromator on beamline 4.2 at the SRS, Daresbury Laboratory : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1762-1764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The performance of a new beamline, designated BL4.2, at the SRS, Daresbury Laboratory is described. This beamline covers the energy range 640≥hν≥10 keV, using a double crystal monochromator. The performance of the beamline is illustrated by reference to two S K-edge studies. One is a near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) study of thiophenecarboxylate (C4H3SCO−2) on Cu(110); the second is a surface extended x-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS) study of Ni(110)c(2×2)S. A resolution of ≤1 eV (FWHM) at a photon energy of 2470 eV is indicated by the NEXAFS data, which is sufficient to resolve the two leading resonances associated with the thiophene ring. The SEXAFS data extend to a k range of 13 A(ring)−1, which corresponds to a photon energy range of 650 eV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145843
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personal-computer-based control system for a 1.8 T hybrid wiggler : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1949-1951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A control system has been developed for the 1.8 T wiggler to be delivered to the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The system serves three major functions: gap monitoring and control, end-corrector adjustment and tracking, and interlock safety and monitoring. The end correctors are programmed with a gap-following feature for compensation of the electron trajectory in both transverse planes at all gaps. Software and hardware interlocks are provided for overtravel limits and protection against excessive variation in gap from end to end. The system is designed for stand-alone operation as well as for compatibility with the SRRC central control system. Because the wiggler controller is based on a personal computer and uses the LabVIEW programming language, it is readily adaptable for other wiggler or undulator applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145766
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a 1.8 T permanent magnet wiggler system (abstract) : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1952-1952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design, development, and realization of a 1.8 T permanent magnet hybrid wiggler system is presented. This 3.0 m wiggler has a 200 mm period, operating at a minimum gap of 22 mm. It has 27 poles and integrated end correctors and field clamps. The magnetic design for this device is pushed to a regime where few hybrid devices have operated. The very large peak field causes a significant increase in the saturation of the vanadium permendur poles. The operating point also significantly impacts the transverse uniformity of the field and the magnet operating point. The magnetic design approach and the development of a mechanical structure which provides adequate strength and stability are discussed. The system is a complete stand-alone system with a fully integrated controls system and complete insertion device magnetics measurement system. The adjustment of the end compensation of the device with the presence of the field clamps requires particular attention. The distinctive elements of the design and the result of the magnetic and mechanical testing of the device are presented. This wiggler is being delivered to the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center for installation at the beginning of 1995. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145767
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombination rate saturation mechanisms at oxidized surfaces of high-efficiency silicon solar cells (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4740-4754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Shoulders have been observed in the measured semilogarithmic current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of high-efficiency passivated emitter and rear locally diffused silicon (Si) solar cells. An improved understanding is given of the mechanism proposed to cause these nonideal I–V curves. It is shown that this mechanism is due to the electrostatic behavior of free carriers at the Si/SiO2 interface of oxidized Si devices in which the Si adjacent to the oxide is depleted (or in some cases, inverted) at equilibrium, and results in saturation of the surface recombination rate. Two-dimensional numerical computer simulations are used to investigate this mechanism and its effect on cell performance. In addition, the simulations provide a means of estimating the extent to which lateral conduction in the rear surface channel also contributes to the observed recombination saturation in these cells. It is shown that ohmic limitation of lateral conduction occurs, however, the lateral current flows are negligible in comparison to the recombination currents due to the former mechanism. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359821
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