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The Industry-Level Impact of Information Technology: An Empirical Analysis of Three Industries (1995)

Segars, Albert H. ; Grover, Varun

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Decision sciences 26 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1540-5915

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: As noted by several observers, information technology (IT) has rapidly evolved from “part of the organizational overhead” into a strategic resource capable of changing patterns of competition within industries [8, p. 275]. However, while this evolution has become part of the fabric for literature exploring the strategic impact of IT, very few studies have been undertaken to determine the specific influence(s) of technology-based competition on industry structure. The development of analytical frames for capturing aspects of industry behavior provides a potentially powerful tool for evaluating the influence strategic IT initiatives may have on current bases of competition. Drawing from the theoretical disciplines of industrial economics and strategic management, this study develops a framework for analyzing longitudinal changes in industry structure. Working within this frame, the study then analyzes the nature and change of structure in three industries during and after the introduction of strategic information technology. The findings suggest that in each of these industries structural characteristics were dramatically altered subsequent to the introduction of competitive-based IT. In two of the industries (airlines and industrial chemicals), early adopters broke away from other industry participants, in effect, forming unique bases of competition. In the remaining industry (drug wholesalers), previously distinct bases of competition consolidated, resulting in a more competitive industry structure than that which existed prior to the technological innovation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1995.tb01432.x

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Decisions to Outsource Information Systems Functions: Testing a Strategy-Theoretic Discrepancy Model (1995)

Teng, James T. C. ; Cheon, Myun Joong ; Grover, Varun

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Decision sciences 26 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1540-5915

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: In recent years, the decision to outsource information systems (IS) functions has become a viable strategic alternative in managing the increasingly complex IS functions. In this study, the IS outsourcing phenomenon is conceptualized as a strategic decision in the organization. Drawing on resource-based theories, resource dependence theories, and other theories of strategic management, a discrepancy model of this decision is developed. Relationships between a number of strategy-theoretic factors and the IS outsourcing decision are hypothesized. These factors include IS resource performance discrepancies manifested in the form of gaps in information quality, IS support quality, IS cost effectiveness and financial performance, as well as the strategic orientation of the firm. Results of the study indicate that, while cost consideration and the firm's financial performance are not associated with the IS outsourcing decision, difficulties in providing good information outputs and IS support services are associated with the decision. Overall, the findings suggest that the current trend toward outsourcing represents a continuing evolution of the IS function as it attempts to fulfill its traditional mission of providing high quality information resource to the firm. When the performance of the delivered resource begins to slip in the current environment of rising expectation and technological complexity, outsourcing may become a strategic response of necessity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for practicing managers and suggestions for future research.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1995.tb00838.x

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On microbial states of growth (1995)

Fishov, Itzhak ; Zaritsky, Arieh ; Grover, N. B.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Molecular microbiology 15 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2958

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: It is crucial to the reproducibility of results and their proper interpretation that the conditions under which experiments are carried out be defined with rigour and consistency, in this review we attempt to clarify the differences and interrelationships among steady, balanced and exponential states of culture growth. Basic thermodynamic concepts are used to introduce the idea of steady-state growth in open, biological systems. The classical, sometimes conflicting, definitions of steady-state and balanced growth are presented, and a consistent terminology is proposed. The conditions under which a culture in balanced growth is also in exponential growth and in steady-state growth are indicated. It is pointed out that steady-state growth always implies both balanced and exponential growth, and examples in which the converse does not hold are described. More complex situations are then characterized and the terminology extended accordingly. This leads to the notion of normal growth and growth that can be synchronous or otherwise unbalanced but still reproducible, and to the condition of approximate steady state manifested by growth in batch culture and by asymmetrically dividing cells, which is analysed in some detail.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02349.x

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