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  • Articles  (104)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (85)
  • Mutation
  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (104)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1995  (104)
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  • Articles  (104)
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  • 2020-2023
  • 2020-2020
  • 1995-1999  (104)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
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    Zeta phosphorylation without ZAP-70 activation induced by TCR antagonists or partial agonists (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Small changes in the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule ligands recognized by antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) can convert fully activating complexes into partially activating or even inhibitory ones. This study examined early TCR-dependent signals induced by such partial agonists or antagonists. In contrast to typical agonist ligands, both an antagonist and several partial agonists stimulated a distinct pattern of zeta chain phosphorylation and failed to activate associated ZAP-70 kinase. These results identify a specific step in the early tyrosine phosphorylation cascade that is altered after TCR engagement with modified peptide-MHC molecule complexes. This finding may explain the different biological responses to TCR occupancy by these variant ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Madrenas, J -- Wange, R L -- Wang, J L -- Isakov, N -- Samelson, L E -- Germain, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Clone Cells ; Cytochrome c Group/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology ; Tyrosine/metabolism ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and partial characterization of conditional cell division cycle mutants inChlamydomonas (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 186 (1995), S. 149-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Algae ; Cytoskeleton ; Microtubules ; Microtubule organizing centres ; Mutation ; Temperature-sensitive
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have isolated a number of temperature conditional cell division cycle mutants of the unicellular plantChlamydomonas reinhardtii that are defective in single nuclear genes. Cells grow and divide normally at the permissive temperature (21 °C), but arrest in division at the restrictive temperature (33 °C). We have characterized these mutants using DNA probes and immunofluorescence techniques to localize cytoskeletal and microtubule organizing centre proteins. We describe here 3 broad classes of cell cycle mutation which result in cell cycle arrest with: unreplicated DNA (G1 arrest), duplicated DNA (G2 arrest) and multiple nuclei due to defective cytokinesis (cytokinesis arrest). The continuation of nuclear division in mutants blocked in cytokinesis provides support of an earlier hypothesis that stage specific events in theChlamydomonas cell cycle are arranged in separate dependent sequences. The mutants isolated in the present study provide insights into the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the coordination of plant cell division and the means to investigate the molecular mechanisms whereby division by multiple fission is controlled in the unicellular plantChlamydomonas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operational patterns affecting lactic acid production in ultrafiltration cell recycle bioreactor (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 320-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell recycle reactor ; ultrafiltration tubular membranes ; high lactic acid productivities ; best operational conditions ; different dilution rates ; start-up strategy ; membrane permeability ; long-term fermentations ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lactic acid production with cell recycling on an ultrafiltration tubular membrane reactor was studied; higher lactic acid concentrations as well as productivities were obtained under long-term fermentations compared with other high cell density systems. Different operational conditions, namely dilution rates and start-up modes, were assessed. Performances were very different at the three different dilution rates tested (D = 0.20 h-1, D = 0.40 h-1, or D = 0.58 h-1). The different behaviours are discussed and factors responsible for them are presented. The best way to operate for lactic acid production is chosen, the dilution rate of D = 0.40 h-1 being the one providing the best overall performance. On the other hand, results show that of the two start-up modes tested, continuous start (membrane open) permits higher permeabilities throughout the operational runs than batch start (membrane closed). Operational stability was found to be directly associated with membranes that work at “steady state,” the membrane permeability being kept around 15 L/m2 h. Optimized cell bleed can improve time of operation if such membrane permeability can be maintained for a longer time. A comparison of results with those obtained in other lactic acid production systems is presented; such comparison shows that this tubular ultrafiltration membrane cell recycle reactor presents three important advantages: (1) concomitant lactic acid concentrations and productivities; (2) long periods of operation at reasonable permeabilities; and (3) good mechanical stability permitting the use of steam sterilization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of nitrifying biofilms on small suspended particles in airlift reactors (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 585-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biofilm ; wastewater treatment ; airlift reactor ; nitrification ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For a stable and reliable operation of a BAS-reactor a high, active biomass concentration is required with mainly biofilm-covered carriers. The effect of reactor conditions on the formation of nitrifying biofilms in BAS-reactors was investigated in this article. A start-up strategy to obtain predominantly biofilm-covered carriers, based on the balancing of detachment and a biomass production per carrier surface area, proved tp be very successful. The amount of biomass and the fraction of covered carrier were high and development of nitrification activity was fast, leading to a volumetric conversion of 5 kgN · m-3 · d-1 at a hydraulic retention time of 1h. A 1-week, continuous inoculation with suspended purely nitrifying microorganisms resulted in a swift start-up compared with batch addition of a small number of biofilms with some nitrification activity. The development of nitrifying biofilms was very similar to the formation of heterotrophic biofilms. In contrast to heterotrophic bio-films, the diameter of nitrifying biofilms increased during start-up. The detachment rate from nitrifying biofilms decreased with lower concentrations of bare carrier, in a fashion comparable with heterotrophic biofilms, but the nitrifying biofilms were much more robust and resistant. Standard diffusion theory combined with reaction kinetics are capable of predicting the activity and conversion of biofilms on small suspended particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass balancing in kinetic resolution: Calculating yield and enantiomeric excess using chiral balance (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 536-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: chiral balance ; enantiomeric excess ; kinetic resolution ; diastereomers ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When kinetic resolution is applied for the production of enantiomerically pure compounds, process options may be used which involve more than one chiral substrate and one chiral product, such as sequential or parallel enzymatic kinetic resolutions or hydrolysis of diastereomers. Although the relation between the yields (y) of the chiral compounds is straightforward in these cases, the relation between their enantiomeric excess (ee) values is not. Combining mass balances into a so-called chiral balance (Σ y · eeR = 0) provides the relation between enantiomeric excess values in a useful manner. This chiral balance easily shows which nonmeasured enantiomeric excess values and yields can be calculated from measured values. The chiral balance is only valid when configurations at chiral centers are conserved. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450611
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) using the dynamic “gas out-gas in” method: Analysis of errors caused by dissolved oxygen probes (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 388-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: volumetric mass transfer coefficient ; oxygen uptake rate ; probe response time ; dynamic gas out-gas in method ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There are many dynamic methods for measuring the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The “gas out-gas in” method can directly determine the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a bioreactor system and provide estimates of the volumetric microbial oxygen uptake rate and the average oxygen saturation concentration at the gas-liquid interface. The errors on these parameters are large if the dissolved oxygen probe response time is not considered. For reliable measurements, deconvolution of the oxygen probe measurements must be made. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation and isolation of C10-deacetylase for the production of 10-deacetylbaccatin III from baccatin III (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 547-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: C10-deacetylase ; baccatin III ; 10Deacetylbaccatin III ; Nocardioides Iuteus ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 10-Deacetylabaccatin III (10 DAB), an important precursor for paclitaxel semisynthesis, is enhanced in yew extracts using C10-deacetylase and C13-deacylase enzymes.4 C10-deacetylase is an intracellular enzyme produced by the fermentation of a soil microorganism, Nocardioides luteus (SC 13912). During the fermentation of Nocardioides luteus, the growth of cells reaches a maximum growth at 28 h. C10-deacetylase enzyme activity starts at 26 h and peaks at 38 h of the fermentation. The cells are recovered by centrifugation. The C10-deacetylase enzyme was purified from the Nocardioides luteus cells. The enzyme was purified 190-fold to near homogeneity. The purified enzyme appeared as a single band on 12.5% SDS-PAGE analysis with a molecular weight of 40,000 daltons. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480518
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and conformational studies of peptides containing TOAC, a spin-labelled Cα,α-disubstituted glycine (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 1 (1995), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: β-bend ; 310-helix ; peptide conformational analysis ; spin-labelled amino acid ; TOAC peptides ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A variety of host L-alanine homo-peptides (to the pentamer) containing one or two spin-labelled TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) residues were synthesized by solution methods and fully characterized. The conformational features of the terminally blocked, doubly spin-labelled-TOAC-(Ala)2-TOAC-Ala- pentapeptide were examined in the crystal state by X-ray diffraction and in solution using a combination of techniques (Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism, cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance) in comparison with singly labelled shorter peptides. The 310-helical structure of the pentapeptide, promoted by the two Cα,α-disubstituted glycines under favourable experimental conditions, allows an interaction to take place between the two nitroxide TOAC side chains spaced by one turn of the helix. Taken together, these results suggest that TOAC is an excellent probe for exploring bends and helices in doubly labelled peptides.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.310010107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of β1-integrin antisense phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotide on myoblast behaviour in vitro (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 13 (1995), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Myoblast ; proliferation ; integrin ; gene therapy ; antisense ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myoblasts gene-engineered in vitro and then injected in vivo are safe, efficient options for gene therapy. While isolation of satellite cells is routinely achieved, their proliferation potential in vitro remains a limiting factor for cell transplantation under clinical conditions. We have studied the role of reversible inhibition of gene expression by antisense oligonucleotides on the proliferation of the myogenic cells. Addition of antisense oligonucleotides to myoblast cultures has been used to inhibit specifically the expression of the β1-integrin subunit gene. Here we show that the effects of multiple pulses of a phosphorothioate oligodeoxinucleotide antisense on the attachment to substrata and on the proliferation of myoblasts are dose-dependent. The addition of antisense to rat myoblasts caused rounding up of the cells and most of the cells became detached after several days in culture. A single pulse did not show any consistent effect, while in the presence of continously administered antisense, the relative numbers of myoblasts in the treated muscle culture increased. We have no evidence of inhibition of myoblast fusion under these conditions. On the other hand, [3H]-TdR incorporation, total DNA and total number of cells decreased in antisense-treated cultures thus demonstrating an inhibitory effect of the phosphorothioate oligonucleotides on DNA synthesis. These side-effects could be overcome by substituting the phosphorothioate by unmodified oligonucleotides, so decreasing the half-life of the antisense, but also its toxicity. The overall results suggest a potential role of integrin antisense strategy in modulating the potential of myoblasts to proliferate.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290130206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutation processes at human minisatellites (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1577-1585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Minisatellite ; Mutation ; Recombination ; Conversion ; Sperm ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Minisatellites provide one of the most experimentally tractable systems for studying tandem repeat instability in man. Analysis of mutation processes has been greatly aided by the development of single molecule methods for recovering de novo mutants, and of techniques for exploring allele structure in detail. Application of these approaches to man has shown that minisatellites do not primarily mutate by processes such as replication slippage and unequal crossover intrinsic to the tandem repeat array. Instead, germline repeat instability is largely regulated by cis-acting elements near the array and involves unexpectedly complex processes of gene conversion, of potential relevance to the biology of meiosis. These processes can be explored both in humans and, in principle, in transgenic mouse models of human repeat instability.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601261
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