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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adverse Health Experiences, Environmental Attitudes, and Pesticide Usage Behavior of Farm Operators (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Risk perception ; pesticides ; pest management ; health effects ; agricultural pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Water pollution from agricultural pesticides continues to be a public concern. Given that the use of such pesticides on the farm is largely governed by voluntary behavior, it is important to understand what drives farmer behavior. Health belief models in public health and social psychology argue that persons who have adverse health experiences are likely to undertake preventive behavior. An analogous hypothesis set was tested here: farmers who believe they have had adverse health experiences from pesticides are likely to have heightened concerns about pesticides and are more likely to take greater precautions in dealing with pesticides. This work is based on an original survey of a population of 2700 corn and soybean growers in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania using the U.S. Department of Agriculture data base. It was designed as a mail survey with telephone follow-up, and resulted in a 60 percent response rate. Farm operators report experiencing adverse health problems they believe are associated with pesticides that is equivalent to an incidence rate that is higher than the reported incidence of occupational pesticide poisonings, but similar to the reported incidence of all pesticide poisonings. Farmers who report experiencing such problems have more heightened concerns about water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and illness and injury from mixing, loading, and applying pesticides than farmers who have not experienced such problems. Farmers who report experiencing such problems also are more likely to report using alternative pest management practices than farmers who do not report having such problems. This implies that farmers who have had such experiences do care about the effects of application and do engage in alternative means of pest management, which at least involve the reduction in pesticide use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006929812285
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of cell cycle behavior dominated by kinetics of a pathway stimulated by growth factors (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 917-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A modified version of a previously developed mathematical model [Obeyesekere et al., Cell Prolif. (1997)] of the G1-phase of the cell cycle is presented. This model describes the regulation of the G1-phase that includes the interactions of the nuclear proteins, RB, cyclin E, cyclin D, cdk2, cdk4 and E2F. The effects of the growth factors on cyclin D synthesis under saturated or unsaturated growth factor conditions are investigated based on this model. The solutions to this model (a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations) are discussed with respect to existing experiments. Predictions based on mathematical analysis of this model are presented. In particular, results are presented on the existence of two stablesolutions, i. e., bistability within the G1-phase. It is shown that this bistability exists under unsaturated growth factor concentration levels. This phenomenon is very noticeable if the efficiency of the signal transduction, initiated by the growth factors leading to cyclin D synthesis, is low. The biological significance of this result as well as possible experimental designs to test these predictions are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1999.0118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Survey of Approaches for Assessing and Managing the Risk of Extremes (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Extreme events ; risk assessment ; risk management ; extreme value theory ; judgmental distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we review methods for assessing and managing the risk of extreme events, where “extreme events” are defined to be rare, severe, and outside the normal range of experience of the system in question. First, we discuss several systematic approaches for identifying possible extreme events. We then discuss some issues related to risk assessment of extreme events, including what type of output is needed (e.g., a single probability vs. a probability distribution), and alternatives to the probabilistic approach. Next, we present a number of probabilistic methods. These include: guidelines for eliciting informative probability distributions from experts; maximum entropy distributions; extreme value theory; other approaches for constructing prior distributions (such as reference or noninformative priors); the use of modeling and decomposition to estimate the probability (or distribution) of interest; and bounding methods. Finally, we briefly discuss several approaches for managing the risk of extreme events, and conclude with recommendations and directions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006958311241
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An empirical analysis of the welfare magnet debate using the NLSY (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 391-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: I38 ; Key words: Interstate migration ; welfare ; poverty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper examines the extent to which differences in welfare generosity across states leads to interstate migration. Using microdata from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) between 1979 and 1992, we employ a quasi-experimental design that utilizes the categorical eligibility of the welfare system. The pattern of cross-state moves among poor single women with children, who are likely to be eligible for benefits is compared to the pattern among other poor households. We find little evidence indicating that welfare-induced migration is a widespread phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Experimental Comparison of Ordinary and Universal Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting (1999)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 31 (1999), S. 375-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: geostatistics ; spatial interpolation ; spatial pattern ; surface-fitting algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A factorial, computational experiment was conducted to compare the spatial interpolation accuracy of ordinary and universal kriging and two types of inverse squared-distance weighting. The experiment considered, in addition to these four interpolation methods, the effects of four data and sampling characteristics: surface type, sampling pattern, noise level, and strength of small-scale spatial correlation. Interpolation accuracy was measured by the natural logarithm of the mean squared interpolation error. Main effects of all five factors, all two-factor interactions, and several three-factor interactions were highly statistically significant. Among numerous findings, the most striking was that the two kriging methods were substantially superior to the inverse distance weighting methods over all levels of surface type, sampling pattern, noise, and correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007586507433
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Brain Exposure to (-)-Carbovir After (-)-Carbovir or (-)-6-Aminocarbovir Intravenous Infusion in Rats (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 911-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: brain uptake ; (-)-carbovir ; (-)-6-aminocarbovir ; pro-drug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Evaluate the ability of (-)-6-aminocarbovir ((-)-6AC) to improve the CNS exposure to (-)-carbovir ((-)-CBV). Methods. Activation of (-)-6AC in vitro was assessed by incubations of rat brain tissue homogenates. The in vivo brain exposure to (-)-CBV was then examined in rats after iv infusions of either (-)-CBV (n = 4) or (-)-6AC (n = 5). The drugs were infused to steady-state via the jugular vein. At the end of the infusion, a bolus of [3H]inulin was injected via the femoral vein in order to obtain an estimate of the brain vascular space. Results. (-)-6AC was converted to (-)-CBV by incubations of rat brain tissue homogenates. After iv infusion of (-)-CBV, the brain/ blood concentration ratio of (-)-CBV was 0.032 ± 0.009. The brain/ blood concentration ratio of (-)-CBV after iv infusion of (-)-6AC was 0.080 ± 0.020. Conclusions. (-)-6AC improved the brain delivery of (-)-CBV, although the absolute exposure of the brain tissue to (-)-CBV was still quite low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016229624703
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of starch-gelled medium for tissue culture of some fruit crops (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 43 (1995), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: antivitrification ; hyperhydricity ; polysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six cultivars of apple and two of red raspberry consistently produced equal or significantly better shoot proliferation on modified Murashige and Skoog medium gelled with a mixture of corn starch and Gelrite than on the same medium gelled with agar. Two pear cultivars grown on starch-Gelrite medium produced hyperhydric shoots and almost no growth, but the addition of a polysaccharide hydric control (‘antivitrifying’) agent to the medium eliminated hyperhydricity. The resulting shoot proliferation equaled or exceeded that on the agar-gelled medium. The starch-Gelrite mixture is easy to prepare and gelling agent costs are only 10–15% of agar, or less if starch is purchased in bulk. Although the opaque gray-white medium makes it more difficult to detect internal contaminants, external contaminants are easily discerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039946
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuations in dense gas concentrations measured in a wind-tunnel (1995)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 75 (1995), S. 321-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Concentration time series from FID (flame ionisation detector) sensors and catharometers downstream of an instantaneous release of dense gas contaminants are analysed by statistical methods. For each experiment there are either 50 or 100 replications, thus allowing estimates of statistical properties to be made even though the dispersion is nonstationary. The time history of the first four central moments is estimated, and they are plotted against each other, in the manner suggested by Mole and Clarke (1995). The collapse of the skewness-kurtosis plot onto a universal quadratic curve, similar to that found by Mole and Clarke for continuous releases, is observed. In this paper, we show how this observation is consistent with the form of the pdf postulated by Chatwin and Sullivan (1989).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712268
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  • 9
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    Fluctuations in dense gas concentrations measured in a wind-tunnel (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-8314
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1472
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Geochemical partitioning and bioavailability of copper to aquatic plants in an artificial oxide-organic sediment (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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