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1

Digitale Medien

Adverse Health Experiences, Environmental Attitudes, and Pesticide Usage Behavior of Farm Operators (1999)

Lichtenberg, Erik ; Zimmerman, Rae

Springer

Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 283-294

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ISSN: 1539-6924

Schlagwort(e): Risk perception ; pesticides ; pest management ; health effects ; agricultural pollution

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract Water pollution from agricultural pesticides continues to be a public concern. Given that the use of such pesticides on the farm is largely governed by voluntary behavior, it is important to understand what drives farmer behavior. Health belief models in public health and social psychology argue that persons who have adverse health experiences are likely to undertake preventive behavior. An analogous hypothesis set was tested here: farmers who believe they have had adverse health experiences from pesticides are likely to have heightened concerns about pesticides and are more likely to take greater precautions in dealing with pesticides. This work is based on an original survey of a population of 2700 corn and soybean growers in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania using the U.S. Department of Agriculture data base. It was designed as a mail survey with telephone follow-up, and resulted in a 60 percent response rate. Farm operators report experiencing adverse health problems they believe are associated with pesticides that is equivalent to an incidence rate that is higher than the reported incidence of occupational pesticide poisonings, but similar to the reported incidence of all pesticide poisonings. Farmers who report experiencing such problems have more heightened concerns about water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and illness and injury from mixing, loading, and applying pesticides than farmers who have not experienced such problems. Farmers who report experiencing such problems also are more likely to report using alternative pest management practices than farmers who do not report having such problems. This implies that farmers who have had such experiences do care about the effects of application and do engage in alternative means of pest management, which at least involve the reduction in pesticide use.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006929812285

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2

Digitale Medien

A model of cell cycle behavior dominated by kinetics of a pathway stimulated by growth factors (1999)

Obeyesekere, Mandri N. ; Zimmerman, Stuart O. ; Tecarro, Edwin S. ; [weitere]

Springer

Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 917-934

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ISSN: 1522-9602

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Mathematik

Notizen: Abstract A modified version of a previously developed mathematical model [Obeyesekere et al., Cell Prolif. (1997)] of the G1-phase of the cell cycle is presented. This model describes the regulation of the G1-phase that includes the interactions of the nuclear proteins, RB, cyclin E, cyclin D, cdk2, cdk4 and E2F. The effects of the growth factors on cyclin D synthesis under saturated or unsaturated growth factor conditions are investigated based on this model. The solutions to this model (a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations) are discussed with respect to existing experiments. Predictions based on mathematical analysis of this model are presented. In particular, results are presented on the existence of two stablesolutions, i. e., bistability within the G1-phase. It is shown that this bistability exists under unsaturated growth factor concentration levels. This phenomenon is very noticeable if the efficiency of the signal transduction, initiated by the growth factors leading to cyclin D synthesis, is low. The biological significance of this result as well as possible experimental designs to test these predictions are presented.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1999.0118

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3

Digitale Medien

A Survey of Approaches for Assessing and Managing the Risk of Extremes (1999)

Bier, Vicki M. ; Haimes, Yacov Y. ; Lambert, James H. ; [weitere]

Springer

Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 83-94

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ISSN: 1539-6924

Schlagwort(e): Extreme events ; risk assessment ; risk management ; extreme value theory ; judgmental distributions

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we review methods for assessing and managing the risk of extreme events, where “extreme events” are defined to be rare, severe, and outside the normal range of experience of the system in question. First, we discuss several systematic approaches for identifying possible extreme events. We then discuss some issues related to risk assessment of extreme events, including what type of output is needed (e.g., a single probability vs. a probability distribution), and alternatives to the probabilistic approach. Next, we present a number of probabilistic methods. These include: guidelines for eliciting informative probability distributions from experts; maximum entropy distributions; extreme value theory; other approaches for constructing prior distributions (such as reference or noninformative priors); the use of modeling and decomposition to estimate the probability (or distribution) of interest; and bounding methods. Finally, we briefly discuss several approaches for managing the risk of extreme events, and conclude with recommendations and directions for future research.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006958311241

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4

Digitale Medien

An empirical analysis of the welfare magnet debate using the NLSY (1999)

Levine, Phillip B. ; Zimmerman, David J.

Springer

Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 391-409

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ISSN: 1432-1475

Schlagwort(e): JEL classification: I38 ; Key words: Interstate migration ; welfare ; poverty

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften

Notizen: Abstract. This paper examines the extent to which differences in welfare generosity across states leads to interstate migration. Using microdata from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) between 1979 and 1992, we employ a quasi-experimental design that utilizes the categorical eligibility of the welfare system. The pattern of cross-state moves among poor single women with children, who are likely to be eligible for benefits is compared to the pattern among other poor households. We find little evidence indicating that welfare-induced migration is a widespread phenomenon.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050105

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5

Digitale Medien

An Experimental Comparison of Ordinary and Universal Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting (1999)

Zimmerman, Dale ; Pavlik, Claire ; Ruggles, Amy ; [weitere]

Springer

Mathematical geology 31 (1999), S. 375-390

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ISSN: 1573-8868

Schlagwort(e): geostatistics ; spatial interpolation ; spatial pattern ; surface-fitting algorithms

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik

Notizen: Abstract A factorial, computational experiment was conducted to compare the spatial interpolation accuracy of ordinary and universal kriging and two types of inverse squared-distance weighting. The experiment considered, in addition to these four interpolation methods, the effects of four data and sampling characteristics: surface type, sampling pattern, noise level, and strength of small-scale spatial correlation. Interpolation accuracy was measured by the natural logarithm of the mean squared interpolation error. Main effects of all five factors, all two-factor interactions, and several three-factor interactions were highly statistically significant. Among numerous findings, the most striking was that the two kriging methods were substantially superior to the inverse distance weighting methods over all levels of surface type, sampling pattern, noise, and correlation.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007586507433

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6

Digitale Medien

Comparative Brain Exposure to (-)-Carbovir After (-)-Carbovir or (-)-6-Aminocarbovir Intravenous Infusion in Rats (1995)

Wen, Yan-Dong ; Remmel, Rory P. ; Pham, Phuong T. ; [weitere]

Springer

Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 911-915

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ISSN: 1573-904X

Schlagwort(e): brain uptake ; (-)-carbovir ; (-)-6-aminocarbovir ; pro-drug

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Purpose. Evaluate the ability of (-)-6-aminocarbovir ((-)-6AC) to improve the CNS exposure to (-)-carbovir ((-)-CBV). Methods. Activation of (-)-6AC in vitro was assessed by incubations of rat brain tissue homogenates. The in vivo brain exposure to (-)-CBV was then examined in rats after iv infusions of either (-)-CBV (n = 4) or (-)-6AC (n = 5). The drugs were infused to steady-state via the jugular vein. At the end of the infusion, a bolus of [3H]inulin was injected via the femoral vein in order to obtain an estimate of the brain vascular space. Results. (-)-6AC was converted to (-)-CBV by incubations of rat brain tissue homogenates. After iv infusion of (-)-CBV, the brain/ blood concentration ratio of (-)-CBV was 0.032 ± 0.009. The brain/ blood concentration ratio of (-)-CBV after iv infusion of (-)-6AC was 0.080 ± 0.020. Conclusions. (-)-6AC improved the brain delivery of (-)-CBV, although the absolute exposure of the brain tissue to (-)-CBV was still quite low.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016229624703

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7

Digitale Medien

Use of starch-gelled medium for tissue culture of some fruit crops (1995)

Zimmerman, Richard H. ; Bhardwaj, S. V. ; Fordham, Ingrid M.

Springer

Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 43 (1995), S. 207-213

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ISSN: 1573-5044

Schlagwort(e): antivitrification ; hyperhydricity ; polysaccharide

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract Six cultivars of apple and two of red raspberry consistently produced equal or significantly better shoot proliferation on modified Murashige and Skoog medium gelled with a mixture of corn starch and Gelrite than on the same medium gelled with agar. Two pear cultivars grown on starch-Gelrite medium produced hyperhydric shoots and almost no growth, but the addition of a polysaccharide hydric control (‘antivitrifying’) agent to the medium eliminated hyperhydricity. The resulting shoot proliferation equaled or exceeded that on the agar-gelled medium. The starch-Gelrite mixture is easy to prepare and gelling agent costs are only 10–15% of agar, or less if starch is purchased in bulk. Although the opaque gray-white medium makes it more difficult to detect internal contaminants, external contaminants are easily discerned.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039946

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8

Digitale Medien

Fluctuations in dense gas concentrations measured in a wind-tunnel (1995)

Zimmerman, William B. ; Chatwin, P. C.

Springer

Boundary layer meteorology 75 (1995), S. 321-352

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ISSN: 1573-1472

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: Abstract Concentration time series from FID (flame ionisation detector) sensors and catharometers downstream of an instantaneous release of dense gas contaminants are analysed by statistical methods. For each experiment there are either 50 or 100 replications, thus allowing estimates of statistical properties to be made even though the dispersion is nonstationary. The time history of the first four central moments is estimated, and they are plotted against each other, in the manner suggested by Mole and Clarke (1995). The collapse of the skewness-kurtosis plot onto a universal quadratic curve, similar to that found by Mole and Clarke for continuous releases, is observed. In this paper, we show how this observation is consistent with the form of the pdf postulated by Chatwin and Sullivan (1989).

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712268

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