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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of fluctuating body forces on annular liquid jets (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 548-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words nonlinear dynamics ; annular jet ; gravitational fluctuations ; adaptive finite difference method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  The nonlinear dynamics of axisymmetric, inviscid, incompressible, thin, annular liquid jets subjected to fluctuating body forces is studied numerically by means of an adaptive finite difference method which maps the time-dependent, curvilinear geometry of the jet into a unit square. The fluctuating body forces may arise from fluctuations in the gravitational acceleration in inertial frames or from the acceleration of a non-inertial frame of reference which translates parallelly to an inertial one. It is shown that both the pressure coefficient and the axial location at which the annular jet becomes a solid one are periodic functions of time with a period equal to that of the imposed body force fluctuations, and that their magnitude increases as the amplitude of the body force fluctuations is increased. It has also been shown that, for both intermittent, sinusoidal or rectangular excitations, increases in the frequency of the excitation result in the creation of superharmonics, broad, albeit peaked, spectra, and closed phase planes with many loops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789096
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculations of the direct electromagnetic enhancement in surface enhanced Raman scattering on random self-affine fractal metal surfaces (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 317-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We study the classical electromagnetic enhancement at the excitation wavelength related to surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experimental configurations in the vicinity of random rough metal surfaces possessing self-affine scaling behavior. The scattered electromagnetic intensity is obtained by means of numerical calculations based on the rigorous integral equations formulation of the electromagnetic wave scattering, free from the limitations of electrostatic and/or dipolar approximations. From the enhancement of the scattered field intensity in the immediate vicinity of the surface, originated in the excitation of transversal-magnetic surface plasmon polaritons, the SERS electromagnetic mechanism on substrates of Ag, Au, and Cu is explored as a function of the surface fractal dimension, rms height, and excitation wavelength. It is found that fractality favors the occurrence of large electromagnetic enhancements, which in turn appear to be maximum at an optimum wavelength as a result of the compromise between roughness-induced light coupling into surface plasmons and absorptive losses. This optimum wavelength is shorter for Ag than for Au and Cu. Maximum local enhancements on the order of 103 are encountered for the three metals being considered. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475394
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Ammine)(aqua)[N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(carboxymethyl)glycinato-N,O,O'']copper(II) (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1510-1512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194015064
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diaqua[N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N-(carboxymethyl)glycinato-N,O,O'']copper(II) (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1512-1514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195002009
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Method for Measuring Scattering of Light from Optical Surfaces with Random Roughness (1998)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 30 (1998), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this letter we report a new method for measuring light scattered from optically rough surfaces. By collecting scattered light in a given solid angle, the measurement system does not require a detection unit with an extremely large dynamic range. This in turn significantly simplifies the system configuration. Measurements of scattering close to specular reflection (the so-called small angle or near-specular scattering) also can be completed without any difficulty. Unlike in the common angle resolved scattering (ARS) measurement system, in this system a linear movement instead of rotation is adopted to scan scattered light. In this way, the angular resolution of scattering measurements is independent of the resolution of the translation stages and may be adjusted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006958128028
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of fluctuating body forces on annular liquid jets (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 548-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: nonlinear dynamics ; annular jet ; gravitational fluctuations ; adaptive finite difference method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The nonlinear dynamics of axisymmetric, inviscid, incompressible, thin, annular liquid jets subjected to fluctuating body forces is studied numerically by means of an adaptive finite difference method which maps the time-dependent, curvilinear geometry of the jet into a unit square. The fluctuating body forces may arise from fluctuations in the gravitational acceleration in inertial frames or from the acceleration of a non-inertial frame of reference which translates parallelly to an inertial one. It is shown that both the pressure coefficient and the axial location at which the annular jet becomes a solid one are periodic functions of time with a period equal to that of the imposed body force fluctuations, and that their magnitude increases as the amplitude of the body force fluctuations is increased. It has also been shown that, for both intermittent, sinusoidal or rectangular excitations, increases in the frequency of the excitation result in the creation of superharmonics, broad, albeit peaked, spectra, and closed phase planes with many loops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789096
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal mass transfer in annular liquid jets with Sievert's solubility law (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 260-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Liquid jet ; waste ; solubility ; interface ; fluid dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A study of isothermal gas absorption by underpressurized, axisymmetric, thin, inviscid, incompressible, annular liquid jets which form enclosed volumes, where hazardous wastes may be burned, is presented. The study considers the nonlinear dynamical coupling between the fluid dynamics of, and the gases enclosed by, the annular liquid jet. It assumes equilibrium conditions at the interfaces, and employs Sievert's solubility law to determine the gas concentration at the gas-liquid interfaces. Both steady-state and transient conditions are considered. Under steady-state conditions, the fluid dynamics and mass transfer phenomena are uncoupled, and the rate of generation of combustion gases is equal to the mass absorption rate by the liquid. The transient behaviour of the annular jet is determined from initial conditions corresponding to steady-state operation, once there is no gas generation by the combustion of hazardous wastes. It is shown that, for most of the conditions considered in this paper, there is no leakage of gaseous combustion products through the jet's outer interface, and that the amount of gases dissolved in the liquid at the nozzle exit and the solubility ratio play a paramount role in determining the mass fluxes of hazardous combustion products at the annular jet's interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805465
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal mass transfer in annular liquid jets with Sievert’ solubility law (1995)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 260-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words Liquid jet ; waste ; solubility ; interface ; fluid dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  A study of isothermal gas absorption by underpressurized, axisymmetric, thin, inviscid, incompressible, annular liquid jets which form enclosed volumes, where hazardous wastes may be burned, is presented. The study considers the nonlinear dynamical coupling between the fluid dynamics of, and the gases enclosed by, the annular liquid jet. It assumes equilibrium conditions at the interfaces, and employs Sievert’ solubility law to determine the gas concentration at the gas-liquid interfaces. Both steady-state and transient conditions are considered. Under steady-state conditions, the fluid dynamics and mass transfer phenomena are uncoupled, and the rate of generation of combustion gases is equal to the mass absorption rate by the liquid. The transient behaviour of the annular jet is determined from initial conditions corresponding to steady-state operation, once there is no gas generation by the combustion of hazardous wastes. It is shown that, for most of the conditions considered in this paper, there is no leakage of gaseous combustion products through the jet’ outer interface, and that the amount of gases dissolved in the liquid at the nozzle exit and the solubility ratio play a paramount role in determining the mass fluxes of hazardous combustion products at the annular jet’ interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00805465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comet cross-section tokamaks (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 14 (1995), S. 361-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We explore the stability and confinement properties of tokamaks with comet-shaped plasmas which feature oblate cross-sections and negative triangularity. Such cross-section shaping is expected to reduce the trapping of particles in regions of bad curvature and lead to improved confinement. Additionally, it can improve stability to Mercier modes. This approach can therefore lead to reactors with improved confinement and lower plasma current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214514
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular relaxation mechanisms in cork as studied by thermally stimulated discharge currents (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 2035-2041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The dielectric relaxation mechanisms present in cork have been investigated in the temperature range -100 to 100 °C using the technique of thermally stimulated discharge currents. A relaxation mechanism was detected which showed a compensation behaviour as observed for the α-relaxation (or glass transition relaxation) of synthetic polymers and which lead us to attribute to cork a glass transition-like temperature of 18 °C. One lower temperature mechanism was also observed, with low activation enthalpy and entropy, which is presumably originated by local motions (internal rotations) of polar molecular groups. An upper T g relaxation of higher intensity was also detected which was attributed to large-scale non-cooperative motions of polymeric segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353030
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