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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (6)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1996  (1)
  • 1995  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog: Morphological, histological, and ultrastructural considerations (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study deals with some macroscopical, microscopical, and ultrastructural aspects of the spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog. The caudal end of the spinal cord is constituted by the conus medullaris, which may extend to the first sacral vertebra, the terminal ventricle, and the filum terminale. The latter structure is considered as internum (second to third sacral vertebrae) or externum (fifth caudal vertebra), according to its relation to the dura mater. Occasionally, there is a second anchorage which is close to the level of the sixth caudal vertebra. The central canal is surrounded by a ciliated ependymal epithelium, which differs depending upon the levels. The most caudal part of the filum terminale bears a columnar ciliated ependymal epithelium surrounded by two layers of glia and pia mater, which separate the central canal from the subarachnoid space. Microfil injections show a communication between the cavity and the subarachnoid space, as the plastic is able to pass through the ependymal epithelium. At the level of the terminal ventricle there are real separations of the ependymal epithelium, which seem to connect the lumen of the spinal canal with the subarachnoid space. These structures probably constitute one of the drainage pathways of the cerebrospinal fluid. The diameter of the central canal is related to the age of the animal. However, even in very old animals the spinal cord central canal reaches the tip of the filum terminale and remains patent until death. At the ultrastructural level the ependymal cells present villi, located on cytoplasmic projections, cilia, dense mitochondria, and oval nuclei. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostate-derived soluble factors block osteoblast differentiation in culture (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 61 (1996), S. 18-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: osteoblasts ; calvaria ; invasion ; prostate ; PC-3 cells ; differentiation ; metastasis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Bone metastasis is a common event and a major cause of morbidity in prostate cancer patients. After colonization of bone, prostate cells induce an osteoblastic reaction which is not associated with marrow fibrosis (i.e., osteoblast but not fibroblast proliferation). In the present study we test the hypothesis that the tumoral prostatic cell line (PC-3) secretes factors that block the osteoblast differentiation process, resulting in an increase of the relative size of the proliferative cell pool. Our results, using fetal rat calvaria cells in culture, show that conditioned medium from PC-3 cells (PC-3 CM) stimulates osteoblast proliferation and inhibits both alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity (an early differentiation marker) and the mineralization process, measured as calcium accumulation (late differentiation marker). The inhibition of the expression of AP and mineralization depends on the presence of PC-3 CM during the proliferative phase of culture and suggests that both processes occur in a nonsimultaneous fashion. The inhibitory effect of PC-3 CM was not reverted by dexamethasone, which would indicate that prostatic-derived factors and the glucocorticoid do not share a common site of action. Measurement of the proliferative capacity of subcultures from control and treated cells demonstrates that PC-3 CM treatment induces the maintenance of the proliferative potential that characterizes undifferentiated precursor cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of functional insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors in isolated bone cells (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 59 (1995), S. 246-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: osteoblasts ; insulin-like growth factor-I ; calcium signaling ; fura 2 ; digital imaging ; receptor crosslinking ; Northern analysis ; Scatchard analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of the IGF-II/cation independent mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor in the transduction of cellular effects evoked by IGF-II has been extensively debated in the literature. Many reports suggest that IGF-II transduces its effects through the IGF-I receptor, while others show that IGF-II utilizes the type II receptor to affect cellular activity. This study (1) verifies the presence of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in rat calvarial osteoblasts, and (2) evaluates the ability of the receptor to initiate intracellular single. Using conventional receptor binding assays, it was found that osteoblasts bind IGF-II with high affinity. Scatchard analyses indicated that there are 5.08 × 104 IGF-II/M6P receptor per osteoblast with a Kd near (2.0 nM). The receptor protein was further identified by cross-linking with 125I-IGF-II. Northern analysis was used to identify an mRNA transcript for the IGF-II/M6P receptor protein. To examine if the IGF-II/M6P receptor can initiate second messenger signals, the ability of IGF-II to evoke Ca2+ transients was evaluated. Osteoblasts pretreated with IGF-I did not lose their ability to respond to IGF-II. Further, a polyclonal antibody against the rat IGF-II/M6P receptor (R-II-PAB1) (1) was able to evoke its own Ca2+ response, and (2) was able to block the generation of Ca2+ transients caused by IGF-II. The data in this report show that the osteoblastic Ca2+ response to IGF-II appears to be caused by an intracellular release of Ca2+ which is mediated by the IGF-II/M6P receptor making it possible to envision how the receptor may be an important modulator of osteoblast mediated osteogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240590213
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential constitutive expression of interferon genes in early mouse embryos (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Interferon ; Transcription ; Transcription factors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recent evidence suggests that several processes during mammalian embryogenesis may be regulated by IFNs or IFN-like molecules. With the use of MAPPing, the simultaneous presence of transcripts homologous to IFN-α, IFN-β, IRF-1, and IRF-2 was examined in mouse embryos and in embryonal carcinoma (EC) P19 cells, which are equivalent to epiblast cells of the early postimplantation blastocyst. Transcripts for IFN-α, but not for IFN-β, were detected as maternal transcripts in the ovulated oocyte and persisted over early embryogenesis. IRF-1 transcripts appeared only after the first cell cleavage in the two-cell stage embryo. IRF-2 transcripts were analyzed only in EC P19 cells and were found in both undifferentiated (D-) and differentiated (D+) cells. The IFN-α transcripts present in (D-) P19 cells were cloned and the partial cDNA sequences determined. Mu IFN-αA and a new Mu IFN-α species (Mu IFN-α12) were isolated from (D-) P19 cells. The presence of constitutive IFN-α transcripts in early mouse embryos suggests a role for these molecules during embryogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and conformational studies of peptides containing TOAC, a spin-labelled Cα,α-disubstituted glycine (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 1 (1995), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: β-bend ; 310-helix ; peptide conformational analysis ; spin-labelled amino acid ; TOAC peptides ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A variety of host L-alanine homo-peptides (to the pentamer) containing one or two spin-labelled TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) residues were synthesized by solution methods and fully characterized. The conformational features of the terminally blocked, doubly spin-labelled-TOAC-(Ala)2-TOAC-Ala- pentapeptide were examined in the crystal state by X-ray diffraction and in solution using a combination of techniques (Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism, cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance) in comparison with singly labelled shorter peptides. The 310-helical structure of the pentapeptide, promoted by the two Cα,α-disubstituted glycines under favourable experimental conditions, allows an interaction to take place between the two nitroxide TOAC side chains spaced by one turn of the helix. Taken together, these results suggest that TOAC is an excellent probe for exploring bends and helices in doubly labelled peptides.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.310010107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of N-urethane-protected N-carboxyanhydrides (UNCAs) in amino acid and peptide synthesis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 1 (1995), S. 124-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: β-amino-alcohol ; statine ; UNCAs ; vicinal tricarbonyl compounds ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Urethane-protected N-carboxyanhydrides (UNCAs) are very reactives. They have been successfully used in peptide synthesis, in both solution and solid phase. We have demonstrated that UNCAs are interesting starting materials for the synthesis of various amino acid derivatives. Chemoselective reduction of UNCAs with sodium borohydride led the corresponding N-protected β amino alcohols. Reaction of UNCAs with Meldrum's acid, followed by cyclisation, yielded enantiomerially pure tetramic acid derivatives. Diastereoselective reduction of tetramic acid derivatives produced (4S,5S)-N-alkoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-5-alkylpyrrolidin-2-ones derived from amino acids, which after hydrolysis yielded statine and statine analogues. Tetramic acid derivatives could also be obtained by reaction of UNCAs with benzyl ethyl followed by hydrogenolytic deprotection and decarboxylation. UNCAs also reacted with phosphoranes to produce the ketophosphorane in excellent yields. Subsequent oxidation with oxone or with [bis(acetoxy)-iodol]-benzene produced vicinal tricarbonyl derivatives. These reactions usually proceeded smoothly and with high yields.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.310010204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1 genes (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; HXK1 ; HXK2 ; GLK1 ; mRNA ; transcriptional control ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcriptional regulation of most glycolytic genes has been extensively studied. By contrast, little is known about the transcriptional control of the three glucose-phosphorylating enzymes, although this catalytic reaction has an important role in the regulation of cell metabolism. In this paper, we describe the transcriptional regulation of the HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1 genes in the hope of revealing differences in the steady-state levels of mRNA associated with a particular carbon source used in the culture medium. Our results provide evidence supporting a differential expression of the three genes depending on the carbon source used for growth. We have also studied the induction and repression kinetics of mRNA expression for the HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1 genes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320110205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and molecular characterization of flor yeasts: Polymorphism of flor yeast populations (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1399-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: flor yeast ; Sherry wine ; flor formation ; DNA polymorphism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yeast strains which form velum on the surface of Sherry wine during the aging process have been isolated and characterized. According to their metabolic and molecular features most of the yeasts that were isolated belong to different races of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (beticus, cheresiensis, montuliensis and rouxii). Due to the conditions under which these yeasts were isolated, all strains have in common the capacity to develop a film as an adaptive mechanism which allows them to grow and survive in 15·5% vol. ethanol. All strains were prototrophs for amino acids and most vitamins but they gave different responses to the killer factor. However, whereas their physiological features were similar, they showed a great heterogeneity with regards to the nuclear and mitochondrial genome (mtDNA): DNA content per cell was quite variable (1·3 to 2n), electrophoretic karyotypes of nuclear genomes indicated a main pattern with some variations, and polymorphism shown by the mtDNA was very high. Under extreme conditions such as Sherry wine with 15·5% vol. ethanol, no fermentable sugar and an exclusively oxidative metabolism, cells hardly grow and the maintenance of a live population depends on survival and respiration, which in turn depend on the mtDNA. At the same time these environmental conditions are mutagenic for the mtDNA, causing an increase in variation. Thus, the polymorphism observed might reflect the enormous variability induced by the ethanol followed by the selection of those mtDNA sequences which make the mitochondria metabolically active under these conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111408
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The secretion of urokinase-like plasminogen activator is inhibited by microtubule-interacting drugs (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 13 (1995), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: 5637 tumour bladder cell ; tumoural invasion ; taxol ; estramustrine-phosphate ; microtubules ; proteinase secretion ; u-plasminogen activator ; gelatinase ; conditioned media ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The secretion of proteinases into the extracellular matrix is one of the main features of tumour cells, as related to their invasive behaviour. Considering the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton, and particularly the action of microtubule-associated protein (MAPs) in mediating protein secretion, the effects of the anti-microtubule drugs estramustine and taxol, on the secretion of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and the 72 kDa gelatinase were investigated. Treatment of 5637 bladder carcinoma cells with estramustine and taxol inhibited u-PA secretion into the conditioned medium in a drug concentration-dependent fashion. This inhibition was confirmed by determinations of u-PA enzymatic activities and by measurements of the levels of immunoreactive activator. Studies using gelatin zymograms also showed an inhibition of another tumoural proteinase namely the 72 kDa gelatinase. Time-course uptake experiments showed that estramustine was incorporated into the cells, a process which depended on temperature. On the other hand, immunofluorescence studies indicated that the microtubule network was affected by taxol with the formation of bundles of microtubules at different cell domains. Minor effects were visualized after treatment of the cells with estramustine-phosphate, a drug that blocks primarily the action of microtubule-associated proteins. The studies provide a way to analyse the relationships between u-PA secretion and the integrity of the cytoskeletal network.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290130313
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic human specific Alu insertions as markers for human identification (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1596-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Alu repeats ; Population genetics ; Paternity testing ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alu sequences represent the largest family of short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) in humans with 500 000 copies per genome. Recently, one Alu subfamily was found to be human specific (HS). We originally described the use of polymorphic HS Alu insertions as a tool in population studies and recently as tools in DNA fingerprinting and forensic analysis. In this report, we will use this simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) base technique for the detection of HS Alu insertion polymorphisms. We will test the resolving power of this DNA profiling approach in both population genetics and paternity assessment. At the population level, we will describe the genotypic distribution of five polymorphic Alu insertions among 3 populations from the American continent, one of African origin, the other two Amerindians. Insight into their relationships will be provided. At the family level, we will examine one European American family of seven individuals and the same pedigree will also be characterized by way of the two systems currently and widely used to ascertain paternity: PCR-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (PCR-SSO) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules, and a standard RFLP protocol used in forensic casework and paternity studies. The importance and strengths of the method as well as its perspectives for future use in filiation studies will be evaluated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601263
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