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  • Articles  (216)
  • 1990-1994  (216)
  • 1994  (216)
  • Physics  (203)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (15)
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  • Articles  (216)
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  • 1990-1994  (216)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural ripple formation in Ge/Sb multilayers induced by laser irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 64.75.+g ; 78.90.+t ; 81.40.−z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thin multilayer films (Ge/Sb/Ge/Sb/Si substrate) have been irradiated with single nanosecond laser pulses (λ=193 nm). Real-Time Reflectivity (RTR) measurements have been used to follow the transformation in situ and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope analysis was used to study both the microstructure and the composition profile before and after irradiation. Melting and mixing are both found to nucleate at preferential sites in the upper Ge/Sb interface. During this process the film surface topography changes in a way not previously seen, and rippling of the film is observed due to lateral mass flow induced in the Sb layer underneath the surface, most probably arising from volume changes upon melting. For the highest irradiation energy densities, melting of the whole multilayer configuration takes place, the ripples are no longer observed, and following cooling and solidification, a mixed amorphous GeSb film is formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332179
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  • 2
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    Structural ripple formation in Ge/Sb multilayers induced by laser irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0947-8396
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0630
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PC-based spinning rotor gage controller (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3012-3019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The spinning rotor gage (SRG) is a molecular drag vacuum gage. Commercial versions are available that operate between about 10−4 and 1 Pa. In this paper we describe the design, and present performance data for a new SRG controller that uses a plug-in peripheral board and a personal computer (PC) to perform all control, signal processing, and data analysis functions. This controller offers several advantages over those presently available, including the simultaneous operation of multiple SRGs (at least four SRGs with a single PC), complete software control of all operating parameters, and significantly improved low-pressure performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144594
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectral study of the structure and magnetic properties of the Y2Fe14−xSixB solid solutions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 2960-2968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectral study of Y2Fe14−xSixB shows that silicon preferentially occupies the 4c, and to a lesser extent, the 8j1 sites in Y2Fe14−xSixB. The trend in the site occupancy is the same as in Nd2Fe14−xSixB. The Curie temperature of Y2Fe14−xSixB increases with increasing silicon content. Neutron diffraction data show that the increase in Curie temperature is accompanied by a contraction of the unit cell. Wigner–Seitz cell calculations, using the Y2Fe14−xSixB lattice and positional parameters obtained by neutron diffraction, show that the silicon site occupancy is correlated with the rare earth contact area of that site. The Mössbauer spectra of Y2Fe14−xSixB have been fit with a model which takes into account the distribution of near-neighbor environments of an iron atom due to the presence of silicon. The weighted average of Hmax, the average hyperfine field of the iron sites with no silicon near neighbors, decreases by 42 and 45 kOe per silicon substitution per formula unit at 85 and 295 K, respectively. The weighted average of ΔH, the average reduction in the hyperfine field caused by the addition of one silicon near neighbor to the near neighbor environment, is about 13.5 and 18 kOe at 85 and 295 K, respectively, and does not show an appreciable dependence on the silicon content. The isomer shifts obtained from these fits suggest an increase in covalency of bonding on silicon substitution, an increase which is consistent with the preference of silicon to bond with yttrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357536
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between the microstructure and magnetic properties of sputtered Co/Pt multilayer films (abstract) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6099-6099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co/Pd multilayer films (MLFs) are of interest because of their potential application as high-density magneto-optical recording media. Co/Pd MLFs with varying Co and Pd layer thicknesses were grown by sputter-deposition onto (100) Si wafers. X-ray diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy were used to study the microstructure of the films, and Lorentz microscopy was used to analyze their magnetic domain structure. The films show an fcc crystal structure with a compromised lattice parameter and a strong (111) crystallographic texture in the growth direction. The compromised interplanar spacing parallel to the surface increased with decreasing thickness ratio (tCo/tPd), and the columnar grain size decreased with increasing Pd layer thickness. Films with tCo=0.35 nm and tPd=2.8 nm (columnar grain diameter 20 nm) showed promising magnetic properties, namely a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (1.85×105 J m−3), with a perpendicular coercivity of 98.7 kA m−1, a perpendicular remanence ratio of 99%, and a perpendicular coercivity ratio of 88%. The magnetic domains were uniform and of a narrow stripe type, confirming the perpendicular easy axis of magnetization. The Curie temperature was found to be about 430 °C. Films of pure Co and Pd, grown for comparison, also showed columnar grain structure with grain-sizes of the same order as those seen in the MLFs. In addition the Pd films showed a (111) textured fcc structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358384
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Mössbauer effect study of several R2Fe17 and R2Fe17Nx compounds : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5994-5996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Mössbauer spectra of Sm2Fe17 and Ho2Fe17 and their nitrides have been measured between 295 and 85 K and analyzed with a model which is consistent with our earlier work on R2Fe17 and R2Fe17Nx compounds, where R is Pr, Nd, and Th. This model is completely consistent throughout these rare-earth compounds and is in agreement with the crystallographic changes occurring upon nitrogenation and with the prediction of band structure calculations. The dramatic increase in Curie temperature in the nitrides results from the expansion of the crystallographic lattice, an expansion which is mainly centered on the 9d and 18h iron sites as is indicated by the increase of their Wigner–Seitz cell volumes upon nitrogenation. The 9d and 18h sites show a larger enhancement of their hyperfine fields as compared to the 6c and 18f sites as a result of improved ferromagnetic exchange between these sites and their near neighbors because of the lattice expansion and the consequent reduced iron 3d-iron 3d overlap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355486
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of LaFe9Si4 intermetallic compound (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4095-4098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of LaFe9Si4 intermetallic compound equilibrated at 1173 K has been determined by the x-ray powder diffraction and refined by the Rietveld technique. The crystal structure belongs to the tetragonal symmetry with space group I4/mcm, which can be derived from the cubic NaZn13-type structure. Each unit cell contains four formula units of LaFe9Si4. The lattice parameters are a=7.932(1) A(ring) and c=11.677(2) A(ring). The calculated density is Dx=6.86(4) g/cm3. In the structure there are five kinds of equivalent positions, i.e., 4a, 16l(1), 16k, 16l(2), and 4d, which are occupied by 4La, 16Fe(1), 16Fe(2), 16Si, and 4Fe(3) atoms, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357359
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A magnetic, neutron diffraction, and Mössbauer spectral study of Nd2Fe15Ga2 and the Tb2Fe17−xGax solid solutions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An x-ray diffraction study of the substitution of gallium in Tb2Fe17 to form the Tb2Fe17−xGax solid solutions indicates that the compounds adopt the rhombohedral Th2Zn17 structure. The unit cell volume and the a-axis lattice parameter increase linearly with increasing gallium content. The c-axis lattice parameter increases linearly from x=0 to 6 and then decreases between x=7 and 8. Magnetic studies show the Curie temperature increases by ∼150° above that of Tb2Fe17 to reach a maximum between x=3 and 4, and then decreases with further increases in x. Neutron diffraction studies of Nd2Fe15Ga2 and Tb2Fe17−xGax, with x equal to 5, 6, and 8, indicate that the gallium completely avoids the 9d site, occupies the 6c "dumbell'' site only at high values of x and strongly prefers the 18f site at high values of x. The magnetic neutron scattering indicates both that the terbium sublattice magnetization couples antiferromagnetically with the iron sublattice and that there is a change in easy magnetization direction from planar to axial with increasing gallium concentration. This change in easy magnetization direction is explained in terms of a sign reversal of the second-order crystal field parameter, A02, the most important parameter responsible for determining the terbium sublattice anisotropy. The Mössbauer effect spectra indicate a larger room-temperature average hyperfine field at the iron site in the Tb2Fe17−xGax solid solutions than in several related R2Fe17 compounds. The large observed increase in the isomer shift with increasing gallium content results from interatomic charge transfer and intraatomic s-d charge redistribution in the presence of gallium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357094
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial ternary RexMo1−xSi2 thin films on Si(100) (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3924-3927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Reactive deposition epitaxy was used to synthesize thin layers of RexMo1−xSi2 on Si(100). In the case of x=1, ReSi2 layers of excellent crystalline quality have been reported previously [J. E. Mahan, K. M. Geib, G. Y. Robinson, R. G. Long, Y. Xinghua, G. Bai, and M.-A. Nicolet, Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 2439 (1990)]. In the case of x=0, however, virtually no alignment of the MoSi2 and the substrate is found, although this silicide is nearly isomorphic to ReSi2. For intermediate values of x, highly epitaxial ternary silicides are obtained, at least for a Mo fraction up to 1/3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356038
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A magnetic, neutron diffraction, and Mössbauer spectral study of the Nd2Fe17−xAlx solid solutions (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5383-5393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of a series of Nd2Fe17−xAlx solid solutions, with x equal to 2.04, 4.01, 5.97, 7.94, and 9.06, have been studied by magnetic measurements, neutron diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetization studies indicate that the Curie temperature increases from 330 K in Nd2Fe17 to a maximum of ∼470 K at an x of 3.5. The compounds crystallize in the Th2Zn17 structure with lattice parameters and unit cell volumes which increase linearly with increasing aluminum content. The neutron diffraction results indicate that aluminum atoms are excluded from the 9d site, prefer the 18h site at low aluminum content, and prefer the 6c and 18f sites at high aluminum content. At 10 K the magnetic moments of the iron and neodymium atoms are collinear and take up a basal orientation at all aluminum contents. The moments decrease with increasing aluminum content and the magnetic moments per unit cell at 10 K are in excellent agreement with the 4.2 K saturation magnetization values. At 295 K the Nd2Fe17−xAlx solid solutions for x equal to 7.94 and 9.06 are paramagnetic. The magnetic Mössbauer spectra have been fit with a binomial distribution of the near-neighbor environments. The weighted average isomer shift increases, as expected, with increasing aluminum content as a result of interatomic charge transfer and intraatomic iron 4s–3d charge redistribution. The weighted average maximum hyperfine field at 295 K shows a maximum of 221 kOe at x equal to 2.04 but at 85 K it decreases uniformly with increasing aluminum content. The weighted average decremental field, ΔH, the change in the hyperfine field per aluminum near-neighbor, decreases with increasing aluminum content. It is proposed that, as a consequence of the increase in the average distance between an iron atom and its next near-neighbor shell with increasing aluminum content, the wavelength of the Friedel oscillation increases and the ratio of this wavelength and the shell distance becomes more favorable for ferromagnetic exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357193
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