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  • Chemistry  (19)
  • Molecular Sequence Data  (4)
  • Engineering General
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 1990-1994  (24)
  • 1994  (24)
  • 1
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    CD26 antigen and HIV fusion? (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broder, C C -- Nussbaum, O -- Gutheil, W G -- Bachovchin, W W -- Berger, E A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1156-9; author reply 1162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7909959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*physiology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; Gene Products, env/*physiology ; Giant Cells/physiology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Molecular Sequence Data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dynamic interfacial properties on droplet breakup in simple shear flow (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1929-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The breakup of droplets in an inhomogeneous flow is the key to emulsification. Frequently, the local flow experienced by the drops is a (quasi-) simple shear flow. The breakup of droplets in a steady, simple shear flow in the absence of emulsifiers has been studied extensively. In the presence of emulsifiers, the droplet interface may acquire viscoelastic properties, which are important in the prevention of coalescence, but their influence on droplet breakup has not been established solidly. This article reports on a phenomenological approach, which links the droplet breakup dynamics to the interfacial viscoelasticity, identifying the latter with the elasticity modulus of a deforming planar interface. Over a viscosity ratio range of three decades, the results have been found to agree with the model, which uses only independently known quantities derived from equilibrium interfacial tension properties.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase morphology of blends of polycarbonate with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate), and of polycarbonate with poly(methyl methacrylate) by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: miscibility of polycarbonate blends ; domain size of acrylic and polycarbonate blends ; imaging analysis ; intramolecular interactions in copolymer ; 1H T1p (proton NMR relaxation time) ; Differential Scanning Calorimetry ; Transmission Electron Microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of polycarbonate (PC) with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PMCHM) and with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (1H T1p), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A blend of PC/PMCHM (50/50 wt/wt) with the acrylic component PMCHM, a copolymer of PMMA and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (80/20 wt/wt), shows only one T1p value, which indicates high miscibility in this blend. A blend of PC/PMMA (50/50 wt/wt) shows two 1H T1p values, which are similar to those of the homopolymers PC and PMMA. These results indicate high immiscibility. The “domain size” calculated from NMR results of the miscible blend PC/PMCHM is approximately 40 Å. The results of DSC and TEM are similar to the NMR results. However, TEM results show the presence of 3% PC domains in the PC/PMCHM blend, which are not seen by NMR or DSC. Those PC domains are approximately 500 Å. A strong intramolecular repulsion in the copolymer PMCHM and specific intermolecular interactions between PC and PMMA may explain the miscibility in the PC/PMCHM system. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle sizing of flocculated latex particles by physisorption of nitrogen (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 1913-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Physisorption of nitrogen at one specific pressure is used to determine the specific surface area of a flocculated polystyrene latex by applying BET theory. Assuming that a flocculated sample of Polymer latex is composed of distinct spherical latex particles (i.e., there is no coagulation of particles), the volume-surface-average diameter can be calculated. The resulting diameters are compared to sizes obtained using a disc centrifuge sedimentometer, which fractionizes the particles by sedimentation. The diameters from both techniques were in good agreement, showing that physisorption of nitrogen, which is a simple technique, can be used to determine sizes of flocculated latex particles. This agreement also shows that the flocculation of the polystyrene latex produced separate nonporous spherical particles. When flocculation of a latex is done above its glass transition temperature, coagulation will occur. While other particle sizing techniques can produce particle size distributions, the physisorption of nitrogen only gives the volume-surface-average diameter. However, one advantage of the physisorption of nitrogen is that it covers a broad range of particle sizes compared to most other techniques. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070521308
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on oxidative photodegradation of epoxy resins by IR-ATR spectroscopy (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 419-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes studies on oxidative-photodegradation of cured Epolite epoxy resin using techniques of IR spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance optics and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the oxidative-photodegradation of this epoxy system is characterized by the formation and subsequent decomposition of carbonyl groups and by epoxy ring opening. The carbonyl bonds are apparently formed in the initial stage of photodegradation and then decomposed upon further aging. Changes in the surface morphology of the samples during degradation suggest that there is significant scissioning of the cross-linked polymer structure. This phenomenon was reproduced using three different UV lamps that differed in spectral properties. Our studies provide clues to the mechanism of epoxy polymer degradation by solar light. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adherent platelet morphology on adsorbed fibrinogen: Effects of protein incubation time and albumin addition (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1175-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The composition of the protein layer adsorbed to a polymer has been thought to be important for the adhesion of platelets. The state of activation of adherent platelets is an additional factor that may be a predictor of biocompatibility. Activation refers to the degree of change from discoid shape to any of several spread shapes. The conformation and orientation of adsorbed adhesive proteins, which interact with receptors on the membrane of platelets, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor, may also be important for platelet adhesion and activation. This work deals with the behaviour of fibrinogen adsorbed to PMMA alone, where the experimental variable was incubation time with the substrate, and with adsorbed fibrinogen mixed with albumin, where the experimental variable was the molar percent of fibrinogen in the adsorption solution. Shorter protein incubation times and increased albumin levels in the initial fibrinogen adsorption solution enhanced the percentages of activated platelet morphologies and increased adsorbed fibrinogen redistribution by the platelet. Lower concentrations of albumin in the initial adsorption solution enhanced platelet adhesion numbers; fibrinogen incubation time had no effect. Together, these factors can contribute to the biocompatibility of a biomaterial through their effect on platelet adhesion and activation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820281008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale computational fluid dynamics by the finite element method (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 18 (1994), S. 1083-1105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Solution methods are presented for the large systems of linear equations resulting from the implicit, coupled solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions. Two classes of methods for such solution have been studied: direct and iterative methods.For direct methods, sparse matrix algorithms have been investigated and a Gauss elimination, optimized for vector-parallel processing, has been developed. Sparse matrix results indicate that reordering algorithms deteriorate for rectangular, i.e. M × M × N, grids in three dimensions as N gets larger than M. A new local nested dissection reordering scheme that does not suffer from these difficulties, at least in two dimensions, is presented. The vector-parallel Gauss elimination is very efficient for processing on today's supercomputers, achieving execution rates exceeding 2.3 Gflops the Cray YMP-8 and 9.2 Gflops on the NEC on SX3.For iterative methods, two approaches are developed. First, conjugate-gradient-like methods are studied and good results are achieved with a preconditioned conjugate gradient squared algorithm. Convergence of such a method being sensitive to the preconditioning, a hybrid viscosity method is adopted whereby the preconditioner has an artificial viscosity that is gradually lowered, but frozen at a level higher than the dissipation introduced in the physical equations. The second approach is a domain decomposition one in which overlapping domain and side-by-side methods are tested. For the latter, a Lagrange multiplier technique achieves reasonable rates of convergence.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650181106
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  • 8
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    Sensing starvation: a homoserine lactone--dependent signaling pathway in Escherichia coli (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-22
    Description: When nutrients become limiting, many bacteria differentiate and become resistant to environmental stresses. For Escherichia coli, this process is mediated by the sigma s subunit of RNA polymerase. Expression of sigma s was induced by homoserine lactone, a metabolite synthesized from intermediates in threonine biosynthesis. Homoserine lactone-dependent synthesis of sigma s was prevented by overexpression of a newly identified protein, RspA. The function of homoserine lactone derivatives in many cell density-dependent phenomena and the similarity of RspA to a Streptomyces ambofaciens protein suggest that synthesis of homoserine lactone may be a general signal of starvation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huisman, G W -- Kolter, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 22;265(5171):537-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7545940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Catalase/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Operon ; Phenotype ; Sigma Factor/*biosynthesis/genetics ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vibrio/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Crystal structure of a catalytic antibody with a serine protease active site (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-19
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of an unusually active hydrolytic antibody with a phosphonate transition state analog (hapten) bound to the active site has been solved to 2.5 A resolution. The antibody (17E8) catalyzes the hydrolysis of norleucine and methionine phenyl esters and is selective for amino acid esters that have the natural alpha-carbon L configuration. A plot of the pH-dependence of the antibody-catalyzed reaction is bell-shaped with an activity maximum at pH 9.5; experiments on mechanism lend support to the formation of a covalent acyl-antibody intermediate. The structural and kinetic data are complementary and support a hydrolytic mechanism for the antibody that is remarkably similar to that of the serine proteases. The antibody active site contains a Ser-His dyad structure proximal to the phosphorous atom of the bound hapten that resembles two of the three components of the Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad of serine proteases. The antibody active site also contains a Lys residue to stabilize oxyanion formation, and a hydrophobic binding pocket for specific substrate recognition of norleucine and methionine side chains. The structure identifies active site residues that mediate catalysis and suggests specific mutations that may improve the catalytic efficiency of the antibody. This high resolution structure of a catalytic antibody-hapten complex shows that antibodies can converge on active site structures that have arisen through natural enzyme evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, G W -- Guo, J -- Huang, W -- Fletterick, R J -- Scanlan, T S -- DK39304/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1059-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Haptens/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Serine Endopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    An all D-amino acid opioid peptide with central analgesic activity from a combinatorial library (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-23
    Description: A synthetic combinatorial library containing 52,128,400 D-amino acid hexapeptides was used to identify a ligand for the mu opioid receptor. The peptide, Ac-rfwink-NH2, bears no resemblance to any known opioid peptide. Simulations using molecular dynamics, however, showed that three amino acid moieties have the same spatial orientation as the corresponding pharmacophoric groups of the opioid peptide PLO17. Ac-rfwink-NH2 was shown to be a potent agonist at the mu receptor and induced long-lasting analgesia in mice. Analgesia produced by intraperitoneally administered Ac-rfwink-NH2 was blocked by intracerebroventricular administration of naloxone, demonstrating that this peptide may cross the blood-brain barrier.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dooley, C T -- Chung, N N -- Wilkes, B C -- Schiller, P W -- Bidlack, J M -- Pasternak, G W -- Houghten, R A -- DA-000138/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-02615/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-03742/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):2019-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA 92121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7801131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Analgesics/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/pharmacology ; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- ; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Naloxone/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Opioid Peptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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