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  • Articles  (30)
  • Springer  (30)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (30)
  • 1994  (30)
  • Physics  (30)
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  • Articles  (30)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (30)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural ripple formation in Ge/Sb multilayers induced by laser irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 64.75.+g ; 78.90.+t ; 81.40.−z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thin multilayer films (Ge/Sb/Ge/Sb/Si substrate) have been irradiated with single nanosecond laser pulses (λ=193 nm). Real-Time Reflectivity (RTR) measurements have been used to follow the transformation in situ and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope analysis was used to study both the microstructure and the composition profile before and after irradiation. Melting and mixing are both found to nucleate at preferential sites in the upper Ge/Sb interface. During this process the film surface topography changes in a way not previously seen, and rippling of the film is observed due to lateral mass flow induced in the Sb layer underneath the surface, most probably arising from volume changes upon melting. For the highest irradiation energy densities, melting of the whole multilayer configuration takes place, the ripples are no longer observed, and following cooling and solidification, a mixed amorphous GeSb film is formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332179
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  • 2
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    Structural ripple formation in Ge/Sb multilayers induced by laser irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0947-8396
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0630
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast switching ferroelectric liquid crystal side chain polymer (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Chiral propionate ; Chiral smectic C phase ; Ferroelectric liquid crystal ; Polyacrylate ; Liquid crystal side chain polymer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two products were isolated at a result of esterification of acrylic acid with 4-[4-(n-hydroxyundecanyloxy)phenyl] benzoic acid (5) One is 4-[4-(n-acryloloxy-undecanyloxy)phenyl] benzoic acid (6), and the other is 4-{4-[n-(3-acryloloxy-propionyloxy)undecanyloxy]phenyl}benzoic acid (7) which containts two molecules of acrylic acid. Compound7 is obtained unexpectedly and still unknown in the literature. Its identification is confirmed by the isolation and characterization of the monomer9. The mesogenic monomers8 and9 which were synthesized from 4-hydroxyphenyl 2(S)-[2(S)-methylbutoxylpropionate (4) and the corresponding acrylates6 and7 exhibit the enentiotropic Sc* and SA phases. The Sc* phase temperature range is up to 31 °C. The spontaneous polarization and response time for the monomers8 and9 is 97 and 16 nC/cm2 as well as 90 and 64 µs respectively. It us the liquid crystal side chain polymer11, not10, which is switchable in the presence of an electric field. The spontaneous polarization of 36 nC/cm2 and the response time of 3.1 ms is obtain from the new polyacrylate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01374094
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of silicone modified polyamideimide (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Structure of PAI ; Silicon modified ; Cross-linking ; Thermal property
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Prepolymers of polyamide-imide was synthesized with excess MDI and TMA in NMP. The resulting isocyanate terminated prepolymers mixed with silicon compound were heated. The chemical reaction and properties of the resulting polymers are studied with IR, NMR, TGA as well as dynamic mechanical measurement. Observation of experiments reveals that the addition of γ-APS enhances the crosslinking. The modified polyamide-imides exhibit excellent adhesion on glass. And the activation energy of cross-linking reaction as measured from DSC is 72 KJ/mole. The drastic weight loss of the post cured polymer took place at 500°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378598
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical distribution of natural fractures and the possible physical generating mechanism (1994)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 142 (1994), S. 273-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fractal ; Weibull distribution ; fracturing ; stress distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have fitted field measurements of fracture spacings (from the vicinity of Lake Strom Thurmond, Georgia, U.S.A.) to the Weibull, Schuhmann and fractal distributions. The fracture spacings follow a fractal and Weibull distribution which implies that they were formed as a result of a repetitive fragmentation process. The limited variation of the fracture density with orientation in the study area suggests that the stress distribution generating these fractures may be uniform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of spiral density waves in a magneto-active disk (1994)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 211 (1994), S. 13-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The propagation of spiral density waves in a differentially rotating, self-gravitating, magnetoactive and highly flattened disk is investigated by using the asymptotic theory for tightly wound spirals developed by Lin and his collaborators. We adopt the continuum fluid model as the primary basis, and our treatment will be largely analytical. The disk plasma is studied in the frozen field approximation and inhomogenceous magnetic fields in the plane of the disk are considered in detail. In a differentially rotating disk with strong magnetic fields, the field lines will be considerably distorted and the mutual influence of magnetic fields and differential rotation is by no means obvious. In this paper we present a new asymptotic dispersion relation for tightly wound spiral density waves with magnetic fields along the spiral armsB θ (r). The effects of the magnetic fields lead to such terms likek 2(a 2 +V A 2 ), wherek is the wave number,a represents the speed of sound,V A = (B 2/4πρ)1/2 is the Alfvén speed,B denotes the field strength, andρ is the plasma density. These terms depict the well-known magnetoacoustic waves and could have been anticipated without a detailed computation. However the interaction of magnetic fields and differential rotation may give rise to other significant terms which are not so easy to foresee. We also present a more exact local dispersion relation by using the WKB approximation and study the effects of magnetic fields on the growth rate through the parametersQ andJ defined in the literature. Although the effects of the magnetic fields are rather insignificant for applications to Galactic dynamics, the effects of the magnetic fields are important for applications to star formation and problems related to the solar nebula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658038
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sloshing dynamics modulated cryogenic helium fluids driven by gravity gradient or jitter accelerations associated with slew motion in microgravity (1994)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica Sinica 10 (1994), S. 367-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1614-3116
    Keywords: microgravity environment ; sloshing dynamics ; gravity gradient ; jitter accelerations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mathematical formulation of the Dewar container sloshing dynamics for a partially filled liquid of cryogenic superfluid helium II driven by the gravity gradient or jitter accelerations associated with slew motion in a microgravity environment are studied. The numerical computation of sloshing dynamics is based on the non-inertia container bounded frame and the solution of time-dependent, three-dimensional partial differential equations subjected to the initial and boundary conditions. This study discloses that the capillary effect of sloshing dynamics governs the liquid-vapor interface fluctuations driven by the gravity gradient or jitter accelerations associated with slew motion in a microgravity environment. The peculiar behavior of superfluid helium in response to sloshing dynamics is also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02486679
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1994)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 92 (1994), S. IX 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02065714
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of stress and strain at the tip of three-dimensional notch (1994)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 15 (1994), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Keywords: three-dimensional notch ; singularity ; fields of stress and strain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The singularity of stress and strain at the tip of three-dimensional notch is analysed by the power expansion method, the eigenequation of the notch is gained through the boundary conditions of the notch, the eigenvalues under different inner angles of the notch are obtained, the expression of stress and strain at the tip of the notch is finally derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02451056
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and X-ray diffraction of ferroelectric liquid crystalline polysiloxanes containing 4′-(2-chloro-3-methylpentanoyloxy)-4-alkanyloxybiphenyl side groups (1994)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 33 (1994), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis and characterization of side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes containing (2S,3S)-4′-(2-chloro-3-methylpentanoyloxy)-4-alkanyloxybiphenyl side groups are presented. All the obtained polymers exhibit smectic mesomorphism. Those polymers containing a spacer length longer than 8 methylene units reveal respectively enantiotropic SA, S * C and SB phases. The result demonstrates that the tendency toward the S * C phase increases with increasing the spacer length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297350
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