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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization of side-chain precursors for penicillin biosynthesis in a high-producing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 883-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract. Utilization of the side-chain precursors phenoxyacetic acid (POA) and phenylacetic acid (PA) for penicillin biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum was studied in shake flasks. Precursor uptake and penicillin production were followed by HPLC analysis of precursors and products in the medium and in the cells. P. chrysogenum used both POA and PA as precursors, producing phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), respectively. If both precursors were present simultaneously, the formation of penicillin V was blocked and only penicillin G was produced. When PA was added at different times to cells that were induced initially for POA utilization and were producing penicillin V, the POA utilization and penicillin V formation were blocked, whereas the cells started utilizing PA and produced penicillin G. The blocking of the POA turnover lasted for as long as PA was present in the medium. If POA was added to cultures induced initially for PA utilization and producing penicillin G, this continued irrespective of the presence of POA. Utilization of POA increased concomitant with depletion of PA from the medium. Analysis of cellular pools from a growing cell system with POA as precursor to which PA was added after 48 h showed that the cellular concentration of POA was kept high without production of penicillin V and at a concentration comparable to the concentration in the medium. The cellular concentration of POA was higher than the concentration of PA that was utilized for penicillin G production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050085
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization of side-chain precursors for penicillin biosynthesis in a high-producing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 883-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Utilization of the side-chain precursors phenoxyacetic acid (POA) and phenylacetic acid (PA) for penicillin biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum was studied in shake flasks. Precursor uptake and penicillin production were followed by HPLC analysis of precursors and products in the medium and in the cells. P. chrysogenum used both POA and PA as precursors, producing phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), respectively. If both precursors were present simultaneously, the formation of penicillin V was blocked and only penicillin G was produced. When PA was added at different times to cells that were induced initially for POA utilization and were producing penicillin V, the POA utilization and penicillin V formation were blocked, whereas the cells started utilizing PA and produced penicillin G. The blocking of the POA turnover lasted for as long as PA was present in the medium. If POA was added to cultures induced initially for PA utilization and producing penicillin G, this continued irrespective of the presence of POA. Utilization of POA increased concomitant with depletion of PA from the medium. Analysis of cellular pools from a growing cell system with POA as precursor to which PA was added after 48 h showed that the cellular concentration of POA was kept high without production of penicillin V and at a concentration comparable to the concentration in the medium. The cellular concentration of POA was higher than the concentration of PA that was utilized for penicillin G production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173993
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A large family with features of pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: exclusion of seven candidate gene loci that encode proteins of the cartilage extracellular matrix (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 93 (1994), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have identified a large family with a dominantly inherited chondrodysplasia characterized by a waddling gait, short limbs, and early onset osteoarthritis. The radiographic presentation resembles pseudoachondroplasia in childhood and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in adults. Electron microscopic examination of cartilage reveals accumulation of material within the rough endoplasmic reticulum similar to that seen in pseudoachondroplasia and the Fairbank type of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. By linkage analysis, we have excluded the genes for aggrecan, decorin, hexabrachion (tenascin), type II procollagen, the α1 chain of type XI procollagen, the α1 chain of type IX procollagen, and link protein, candidate genes that encode structural components of the cartilage extracellular matrix, as the disease locus for this disorder.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212015
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of short- and long-term lipid enrichment on total lipids, lipid class and fatty acid composition in rotifers (1994)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 2 (1994), S. 19-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): Enrichment techniqes ; Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis ; Emulsions ; Total lipids ; Fatty acids ; Lipid classes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Four emulsions differing in lipid class composition: triacylglycerols, ethyl esters, phospholipids and wax esters were used to enrich rotifers either through short-term (ST) enrichment (24 h) or through long-term (LT) enrichment (10 days). Higher lipid levels were obtained by using the ST enrichment method. This was particularly marked in the high triacylglycerol accumulation in rotifers enriched on the phospholipid-based emulsion. Ethyl esters were effectively assimilated and incorporated into triacylglycerol by rotifers in both the ST and LT techniques. A high docosaehexanoic/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) ratio was obtained in the LT technique using the ethyl ester-based emulsion. However, the other emulsion treatments gave higher or equal DHA/ EPA ratios using the ST technique. Absolute phospholipid levels were independent of both dietary lipid composition and enrichment method used, whereas triacylglycerol levels depended on these parameters. During starvation the level of phospholipid, in absolute terms, decreased slightly whereas the triacylglycerol fraction decreased considerably. Rotifers enriched on the wax ester-based emulsion using the LT technique exhibited higher levels of long-chain monoenes (i.e. 20:1 and 22:1 isomers) than when the ST technique was used. This suggests that hydrolysis of the wax esters and oxidation of the liberated fatty alcohols to fatty acids occurred when the LT technique was applied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118530
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of lipid composition of live feed on growth, survival and pigmentation of turbot larvae (1994)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 2 (1994), S. 33-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): Scophthalmus maximus ; First-feeding ; Larvae ; Ω3 HUFA ; Rotifers ; Pigmentation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of different lipid compositions of live feed on the survival, growth rate and pigmentation success of turbot larvae, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), was investigated. Rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, together with the algae Tetraselmis sp., were administered until day 12, and Artemia was fed until day 27. The experimentally treated live feeds were enriched with four formulated emulsions, resulting in a gradient in the relative contents of Ω3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acids) and in DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6 Ω3)/EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5 Ω3) ratios in both the rotifers and Artemia. There were no differences in larval growth rate, and only small differences in survival rate throughout the feeding experiment, probably because of satisfactory levels of Ω3 HUFA in the live feed to sustain growth and survival. A correlation was obtained between the percentage of completely pigmented 27 d old turbot and the DHA/EPA ratio in the total lipids of 12 d old larvae, which again was correlated with the corresponding ratio in the live feed used. The results suggest that normal pigmentation in turbot requires dietary DHA in the early larval feeding period, and that this requirement cannot be replaced by EPA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118531
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of rotifer culture quality with yeast plus oil and algal-based cultivation diets (1994)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 2 (1994), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): Rotifers ; Brachionus plicatilis ; Culture quality ; Lorica length ; Biomass ; Lipid ; Protein ; Bacterial content ; Viability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The culture quality of rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, was compared for yeast and algal-based cultivation diets. The rotifer quality was evaluated based on factors which may affect survival and growth of marine fish larvae, including individual length and biomass, nutritional value, bacterial content, and rotifer viability. The diets used were monocultures of Tetraselmis sp., Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri, and baker's yeast plus capelin oil. Rotifers grown to early stationary phase with equal food rations exhibited equal length distribution, but the rotifer individual biomass was 10–25% higher for yeast-grown rotifers than for algal-grown rotifers. All diets gave equal protein content of individual rotifers. The lipid content was slightly higher and the ratio of protein to lipid was slightly lower with yeast plus capelin oil than with algae. The fatty acid composition of the rotifers was closely related to that of their dietary lipids and the Ω3 fatty acid content was not systematically different for the two types of diets. Use of yeast plus capelin oil resulted in considerably higher numbers of both suspended and rotifer-associated bacteria than with use of algal diets. No differences were found for the algal species involved. The viability of the rotifers in a temperature and salinity test was far better in groups fed algae than in groups fed yeast plus capelin oil. The results indicated an overall better quality of rotifers cultivated with algae than for rotifers cultivated with yeast and oil. Questions related to proteins and the microflora of rotifers should be further emphasized in future research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123431
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of climatic factors on emission of flower volatiles in situ (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1994), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Schlagwort(e): Flower fragrance ; Fragrance emission (light, temperature, humidity) ; Rhythm (fragrance emission) ; Trifolium (fragrance emission)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A device has been developed for determining the influence of temperature, irradiance and relative air humidity on the emission of flower volatiles in situ. The compounds emitted from flowers of Trifolium repens L. are mainly products of cinnamic-acid metabolism. Phenethyl acetate was the dominant compound in the fragrance picture. Additionally, a number of sesquiterpenes were identified in the emissions. All compounds were emitted in a rhythmic manner with a maximum at 7–12 h after the light is switched on. Temperature had a strong effect on the the quantity of fragrance in the headspace. Emission at 10°C was significantly lower than at 15°C and 20°C. This difference can be attributed to a temperature effect on the secretion of volatiles rather than on the evaporation rate of volatiles. Light influenced fragrance emission significantly, the most intense emission being noted at high irradiances. No effect of relative humidity on fragrance emission could be detected. The composition of the fragrance picture was not influenced by the climatic factors. Emission was controlled by the light and dark intervals rather than by the endogenous clock.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198572
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mapping of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase genes in barley (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 869-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase ; Hor-deum vulgare ; RFLP-mapping ; Wheat/barley ditelosomic addition lines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract cDNA probes encoding the barley endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) small subunit (bepsF2), large subunit (bepl10), and leaf AGP large subunit (blpl) were hybridized with barley genomic DNA blots to determine copy number and polymorphism. Probes showing polymorphism were mapped on a barley RFLP map. Probes that were not polymorphic were assigned to chromosome arms using wheat-barley telosomic addition lines. The data suggested the presence of a single-copy gene corresponding to each of the cDNA probes. In addition to the major bands, several weaker cross-hybridizing bands indicated the presence of other, related sequences. The weaker bands were specific to each probe and were not due to cross-hybridization with the other probes examined here. The endosperm AGP small subunit (bepsF2) majorband locus was associated with chromosome 1P and designated Aga1. The endosperm AGP large subunit (bepl10) major-band locus was mapped to chromosome 5M and designated Aga7. The endosperm AGP large-subunit minor bands were not mapped. The leaf AGP large-subunit major band was associated with chromosome 7M and designated Aga5. One of the leaf AGP large-subunit minor bands was mapped to chromosome 5P and designated Aga6. A clone for the wheat endosperm AGP large-subunit (pAga7) hybridized to the same barley genomic DNA bands as the corresponding barley probe indicating a high degree of identity between the two probes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221140
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemistry of the intercellular matrix components and the epithelio-mesenchymal junction of the human tooth germ (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 26 (1994), S. 110-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The immunohistochemical localization of heparan sulphate, collagen type I, III and IV, laminin, tenascin, plasma- and cellular fibronectin was studied in tooth germs from human fetuses. The lamina basalis ameloblastica or membrana preformativa, which separates the pre-ameloblasts from the pre-dentin and dentin, contained heparan sulphate, collagen type IV, laminin and fibronectin. Enamel reacted with antifibronectin, but the reaction varied depending on the type of fibronectin and the source of antibody. In early pre-dentin, collagen type I, laminin, tenascin and fibronectin were present. In late pre-dentin and dentin collagen type I was found in intertubular dentin and in the zone between enamel and dentin. The close relationship between collagen type I in dentin and fibronectin in immature enamel is interesting, as it may contribute to the stabilization of the amelodentinal interface. In dental pulp, collagen type IV and laminin were found in the endothelial basement membranes. Collagen type I and III, tenascin and fibronectin were localized to the mesenchymal intercellular matrix. The results of this study have supported the assumption that the lamina basalis ameloblastica is a basement membrane, and have lead to the suggestion that ameloblasts are producers of fibronectin or a fibronectin-like substance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157959
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis and regulation of legume inoculants in Canada: The need for an increase in standards (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 161 (1994), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): legume inoculant ; quality control ; Rhizobium ; standards
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Rhizobial inoculants for use in Canada are regulated and have been evaluated in a formal testing program since 1975. This program is carried out by Agriculture Canada under authority of the Fertilizers Act and involves inoculant strain and formulation registration (with Food Production and Inspection Branch) as well as analysis (by Research Branch) of approximately 220 inoculants and pre-inoculated seed products yearly. Inoculant evaluation is based upon the calculated number of viable rhizobia which would be provided per seed if the inoculant was applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate. Current standards are 103, 104, and 105 viable rhizobia per seed, of the proper cross-inoculation group, for small, intermediate, and large seeded legumes, respectively. Application of these standards means that some inoculants are considered “satisfactory” even though they yield test results as low as 9.4 × 106 rhizobia per gram. No standards are currently applied relative to permissible levels of contaminants in inoculant products, despite the fact that some inoculants contain many more contaminating microorganisms than they doRhizobium cells. The demands of modern sustainable agriculture, taken together with advances in inoculant formulation technology, warrant an increase by a factor of ten in the minimum acceptable Canadian standards for legume inoculants and pre-inoculated seed products.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183093
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