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  • Springer  (35)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (3)
  • Oxford University Press  (3)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1990-1994  (28)
  • 2000  (14)
  • 1994  (28)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1990-1994  (28)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3793-3798 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a highly sensitive new type of calorimeter based on the deflection of a "bimetallic'' micromechanical sensor as a function of temperature. The temperature changes can be due to ambient changes, giving a temperature sensor or, more importantly, due to the heat absorbed by a coating on the sensor, giving a heat sensor. As an example we show the results of using the sensor as a photothermal spectrometer. The small dimensions and low thermal mass of the sensor make it highly sensitive and we demonstrate a sensitivity of roughly 100 pW. By applying a simple model of the system the ultimate sensitivity is expected to be of the order of 10 pW. The thermal response time of the cantilever can also be determined, giving an estimate of the minimum detectable energy of the sensor. This we find to be 150 fJ and again from our model, expect a minimum value of the order of 20 fJ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 1704-1716 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The response of the molecular stretch mode of CO/Cu(100) near 2086 cm−1 (ν1) to resonant infrared, and nonresonant visible and ultraviolet pumping is measured on a picosecond time scale. Fourier transform infrared measurements establish that ν1 is anharmonically coupled to the frustrated translation near 32 cm−1 (ν4), so that transient shifts in ν1 indicate population changes in ν4. The ν1 response to visible and ultraviolet pumping is characterized by a spectral shift near zero delay time, which decays with a ≈2 ps time constant to an intermediate value, which then decays on a ≈200 ps time scale. The data agree well with a model whereby ν4 couples to both the photogenerated hot electrons and to the heated phonons. The characteristic coupling times to these two heat baths are found to both be a few picoseconds.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 2265-2273 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum mechanical calculations on the vibrational predissociation dynamics of NeBr2 in the B electronic state have been performed and the results compared with both experimental data and other computational studies. For vibrational levels with v≤20 we find that the vibrational state dependence of the predissociation lifetimes is in qualitative agreement with experimental measurements, as are the calculated Br2 fragment rotational distributions. For higher vibrational levels, the B←X excitation profiles are well represented by a sum of two Lorentzian line shapes. We attribute this result to the presence of long-lived resonances in the dissociative continuum that are reminiscent of long-lived dissociative trajectories in previous classical studies of NeBr2. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Substitution of measured permeabilities into mathematical models of the concentrating mechanism of the renal inner medulla yields less than the known urine osmolalities. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism we analyse a model in which a force of unspecified origin [expressed as fraction, ɛ, of entering descending thin limb (DTL) concentration] drives fluid from DTL to interstitial vascular space (CORE), thus concentrating the solution in DTL. When flow in the DTL reverses at the hairpin bend of the loop of Henle, the high solute permeability of ascending thin limb (ATL) permits solute to diffuse into the CORE thus permitting ɛ to be multiplied many-fold. Behavior of the model is described by two non-linear differential equations. In the limit for infinite salt permeability of ATL the two equations reduce to a single equation that is formally identical with that for the Hargitay and Kuhn multiplier, which assumes fluid transport directly from DTL to ATL (Z. Electrochem. Angew. Phys. Chem. 55, 539, 1951). Solutions of the equations describing the model with parameters taken from perfused thin limbs show that urine osmolalities of the order of 5000 mosm L−1 can be generated by forces of the order of 20 mosm L−1. It seems probable that mammals including desert rodents use some variant of this basic mechanism for inner medullary concentration.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 267-274 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: vitamins; activated sludge; industrial wastewater; porous pots; Amtox™
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The process performance and metabolic rates of samples of activated sludge dosed with vitamin supplements have been compared. After initial screening, four vitamins and two metals as single supplements and in pairs, were dosed continuously into the mixed liquor of an activated sludge simulation. Toxicity, oxygen demand removal, respiration rates and suspended solids were measured to monitor the effect on process efficiency. It was confirmed experimentally that an industrial wastewater stream did not contain a sufficient supply of micronutrients for efficient biological treatment. This was concluded from the observation that control sludge batches (receiving no supplements) averaged chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 58%. Dosing micronutrients into the mixed liquor produced removal efficiencies of up to 69%. Some of the supplements increased the respiration rate of the sludge while some decreased it, indicating a range of stimulatory and inhibitory effects. Complex interactions between micronutrients that were dosed simultaneously were evident. Several positive effects led to the conclusion that micronutrients have the potential to optimise process performance of activated sludge plants treating industrial wastewater. The addition of phosphorus/niacin and molybdenum/lactoflavin removed wastewater components that were toxic to nitrifiers as indicated through toxicity testing, thus protecting downstream nitrification/denitrification treatment processes. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 267–274.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geometriae dedicata 49 (1994), S. 39-70 
    ISSN: 1572-9168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss an intriguing geometric algorithm which generates infinite spiral patterns of packed circles in the plane. Using Kleinian group and covering theory, we construct a complex parametrization of all such patterns and characterize those whose circles have mutually disjoint interiors. We prove that these ‘coherent’ spirals, along with the regular hexagonal packing, give all possible hexagonal circle packings in the plane. Several examples are illustrated.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mehrere Formationen im unteren Teil der Appin Gruppe der Dalradians sind durch karbonatische und kalk-silikatische Lithologien gekennzeichnet. Amphibole treten in diesen metasedimentären Einheiten in verschiedener Ausbildung auf, als feinkörnige, disseminierte Kristalle, als radialstrahlige, die Gesteine durchwachsende Aggregate und in dunkelgrünen, zu mehr als 90% aus Amphibolen bestehenden Lagen. Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosondenuntersuchungen belegen einfache mineralchemische Zusammensetzungen, die Tremolite, tremolitische Hornblende und Magnesio-Hornblende umfassen. Die einzige bedeutende Substitution ist die zwischen Tremolit und Alumino-Tschermakit [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] und zwischen Tremolit und Ferri-Tschermakit [MgSi = FeviAliv]. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen Amphibole aus den nahegelegenen Metavulkaniten und intrusiven Metadoleriten vier Substitutionstrends von Tremolit zu Ferro-Aktinolith, Edenit, Alumino-Tschermakit und Ferri-Tschermakit. Diese unterschiedlichen Trends könnten auch anderswo bei der Unterscheidung zwischen Para- und Orthoamphiboliten behilflich sein. Tremolitische Amphibole machen normalerweise einen Großteil der kalk-silikatischen Gesteine aus, in denen ansonsten nur Quarz ± Phlogopit auftritt. Karbonate fehlen bemerkenswerterweise. Dies weist auf Mg-reiche sedimentäre Protolithe, wie dolomitische Mergel mit möglicherweise etwas Magnesit, hin. Sedimentologische Überlegungen lassen die Ablagerung in abgeschnürten Küstenlagunen tropischer Breiten, die Teil eines weiträumigen stabilen Schelfes waren, vermuten.
    Notes: Summary Several formations within the lower part of the Dalradian Appin Group are characterised by calcareous and calc-silicate lithologies. Amphibole occurs in these metasedimentary units in a variety of habits, from fine-grained disseminated crystals, through radiating aggregates permeating the whole rock, to dark green layers consisting of over 90% amphibole. Electron microprobe analyses of these amphiboles exhibit simple compositional trends from tremolite, through tremolitic hornblende to magnesio-hornblende. The only significant substitutions are from tremolite towards alumino-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] and from tremolite towards ferri-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ FeviAliv]. This is in marked contrast to amphiboles from nearby suites of metavolcanic rocks and intrusive metadolerites which exhibit four coupled substitutions, leading from tremolite towards the ferro-actinolite, edenite, alumino-tschermakite and ferritschermakite end-members. These distinctive compositional trends may aid the distinction between para- and ortho-amphibolites elsewhere. Tremolitic amphibole commonly constitutes a high proportion of the calc-silicate rocks, the only other phases present being quartz ± phlogopite. Carbonate minerals are notably absent. This suggests that the sedimentary protolith was high in Mg, such as a dolomitic marl, possibly containing some magnesite. Sedimentological considerations suggest deposition in tropical latitudes in restricted coastal lagoons forming part of an extensive stable shelf bordering a mature landscape.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 486-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 479-485 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: gap model ; gradient analysis ; landscape pattern ; sensitivity analysis ; Sierra Nevada ; spatial scale ; water balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vegetation pattern on landscapes is the manifestation of physical gradients, biotic response to these gradients, and disturbances. Here we focus on the physical template as it governs the distribution of mixed-conifer forests in California's Sierra Nevada. We extended a forest simulation model to examine montane environmental gradients, emphasizing factors affecting the water balance in these summer-dry landscapes. The model simulates the soil moisture regime in terms of the interaction of water supply and demand: supply depends on precipitation and water storage, while evapotranspirational demand varies with solar radiation and temperature. The forest cover itself can affect the water balance via canopy interception and evapotranspiration. We simulated Sierran forests as slope facets, defined as gridded stands of homogeneous topographic exposure, and verified simulated gradient response against sample quadrats distributed across Sequoia National Park. We then performed a modified sensitivity analysis of abiotic factors governing the physical gradient. Importantly, the model's sensitivity to temperature, precipitation, and soil depth varies considerably over the physical template, particularly relative to elevation. The physical drivers of the water balance have characteristic spatial scales that differ by orders of magnitude. Across large spatial extents, temperature and precipitation as defined by elevation primarily govern the location of the mixed conifer zone. If the analysis is constrained to elevations within the mixed-conifer zone, local topography comes into play as it influences drainage. Soil depth varies considerably at all measured scales, and is especially dominant at fine (within-stand) scales. Physical site variables can influence soil moisture deficit either by affecting water supply or water demand; these effects have qualitatively different implications for forest response. These results have clear implications about purely inferential approaches to gradient analysis, and bear strongly on our ability to use correlative approaches in assessing the potential responses of montane forests to anthropogenic climatic change.
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