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  • Articles  (16)
  • Chemistry  (16)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 1990-1994  (16)
  • 1993  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 728-735 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biofilm ; shear stress ; substrate loading ; biofilm detachment ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the least understood processes affecting biofilm accumulation is detachment. Detachment is the removal of cells and cell products from an established biofilm and subsequent entrainment in the bulk liquid. The goal of this research was to determine the effects of shear stress and substrate loading rate on the rate of biofilm detachment.Monopopulation Pseudomonas aeruginosa and undefined mixed population biofilms were grown on glucose in a RotoTorque biofilm reactor. Three levels of shear stress and substrate loading rate were used to determine their effects on the rate of detachment. Suspended cell concentrations were monitored to determine detachment rates, while other variables were measured to determine their influence on the detachment rate. Results indicate that detachment rate is directly related to biofilm growth rate and that factors which limit growth rate will also limit detachment rate. No significant influence of shear on detachment rate was observed.A new kinetic expression that incorporates substrate utilization rate, yield, and biofilm thickness was compared to published detachment expressions and gives a better correlation of data obtained both in this research and from previous research projects, for both mono- and mixed-population biofilms. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 28 (1993), S. 635-642 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potent endectocide 23-(O-methyloximino)-F28249α and related compounds were identified and characterized by mass spectrometry. The fragmentation pathway of 23-(O-methyloximino)-F28249α was identified by its high-resolution mass spectrum and the electron impact unit mass spectra of its homologs. This fragmentation pathway is presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 185-195 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma metabolism ; perfusion culture ; suspension culture ; cell retention ; antibody productivity ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steady-state metabolic parameters for a hybridoma cell line have been determined in continuous suspension-perfusion culture over a wide range of perfusion rates and cell bleed rates. Significant increases in viable cell concentrations and volumetric productivities were achieved at high perfusion rates and low cell bleed rates. At the low growth rates examined in this study, cellular metabolism shifted to become more oxidative, and as a result, the fraction of consumed substrate converted to inhibitory metabolic by-products was reduced. Specific antibody productivity was found to be non-growth associated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 461-464 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrazole Compounds. 6. Acylation of 1-Aryl-5-(2-dialkylamino-vinyl)-1 H-tetrazoles by Trifluoro- and Trichloroacetic Anhydrides
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 1449-1460 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A mathematical model for particle nucleation and growth in the isothermal semibatch emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate stabilized with poly(vinyl alcohol) is presented. In addition to the particle nucleation and growth mechanisms governing ionically stabilized polymerizations of relatively water-soluble monomers, the model accommodates grafting onto the poly(vinyl alcohol) backbone during nucleation, and polymeric stabilization. The user supplies the emulsion recipe, process conditions and kinetic parameters, and the model predicts the various species concentrations, along with the conversion and particle size and number profiles. In part II, model predictions are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1404-1420 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies of the morphology of extruded polymer blend systems have shown that it is feasible to produce a laminar structure of an ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer (EVOH) dispersed phase in a polypropylene (PP) matrix phase. The laminar structure forms in the core of the extrudate when a slit die is incorporated into the extrusion process. Morphological studies, including a study of morphology development inside the die and studies of the effect of processing conditions on the morphology of the final product, revealed that the laminar structure is a result of die design. Processing conditions influence mainly the shape and dimensions of the laminar core region of the extrudate. Oxygen permeation tests have shown that the blend exhibits lower oxygen permeability than pure PP, when EVOH is incorporated as a dispersed phase into the system. Oxygen transmission rates obtained with a blend system approach those obtained with a multilayer coextrusion product, although only at high EVOH concentrations. Comparison of experimental data with theoretical permeation predictions shows that, up to 20 wt% EVOH, the reduction in oxygen transmission rate follows the prediction for a homogeneous system. At 25 wt%, a considerable decrease in oxygen transmission rate is noticeable, and the trend for higher EVOH contents is towards the behavior of a multilayer system.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1502-1506 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for thin polymer films is a property of considerable practical importance. In contrast to the abundance of CTE data in the in-plane or film direction, data in the thickness or z-direction is rarely available, in part due to the high sensitivity required for measurement of the small thickness changes involved. In this paper, we will describe both a capacitance change and a Fabry-Perot laser interferometric method for measuring z-direction CTE's. Results are presented for a variety of commercially available polyimide films of thickness 50 to 130 μm. Upilex and Kapton were found to have z-direction CTE's of about 55 and 81 ppm/°C, respectively. These CTE's for the thickness direction are many times higher than the corresponding values in the in-plane direction. This anisotropy is attributed to the preferential in-plane molecular orientation of the polymer chains.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 1461-1473 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mathematical model presented in Part I, accommodating the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate stabilized with poly(vinyl alcohol), predicts experimental conversion and particle size data with reasonable accuracy. Model predictions of measurable variables exhibit sensitivity to variables affecting either primary ungrafted particle nucleation of flocculation kinetics, but are relatively insensitive to variables affecting poly(vinyl alcohol) grafting reactions and the resulting primary grafted particle concentration. Semibatch simulations indicate that independent increases in the vinyl acetate, poly(vinyl alcohol), and initiator levels of all increase the primary grafted particle population. It is unlikely, however, that this population exceeds the ungrafted counterpart under most commercial polymerization conditions. This relative insignificance of grafting during particle nucleation is also noted in literature data simulations where, with appropriate parameter adjustments, the model predictions agree well with the batch, thermal initiation data. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to investigate the composition of both the surface of DeNOx catalysts (Ti:Mo:V = 92:6:2 and Ti:W:V = 85:10:5 at.%) and the material deposited from the flue gas. In spite of the charging of the surface in the spectrometer, it was possible to perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The deposits primarily contain Ca, Si, O, S, As, P and N. Oxidation numbers of Ca, Si, Ti, Mo, W, S and N were determined from chemical shifts in combination with line widths. There are, however, problems with the determination of the oxidation state of As owing to an influence of the exciting Al Kα radiation on the oxidation state. Nevertheless, As seems to exist both as As3+ and As5+.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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