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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 65 (1993), S. 582-587 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1868-1873 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The in-well ambipolar diffusion coefficients and carrier lifetimes in ordered all-binary quantum wells, composed of (InAs)2(GaAs)5 short-period strained-layer superlattices (SPSLSs) grown on [001]-oriented GaAs substrates, are measured using picosecond optically induced transient grating and pump-probe techniques. Quantum wells containing SPSLSs may be expected to exhibit higher in-plane hole mobilities compared to InGaAs ternary alloy quantum wells because of a larger average indium content and reduced disorder scattering in the SPSLS structures. The results obtained in the SPSLSs are compared to those obtained in InGaAs alloy quantum wells of comparable well width and confinement energies. This indicates that, for a given SPSLS and its equivalent alloy, the ambipolar diffusion coefficients are comparable while the carrier lifetimes in the SPSLSs are longer. The longer carrier lifetimes in the SPSLSs suggest that these binary structures possess fewer nonradiative recombination centers than the alloys. The absence of a dramatic improvement in the transport properties, however, may indicate that imperfect interfaces in the SPSLSs may be offsetting their possible advantages, in spite of the fact that optical measurements in the SPSLSs indicate high quality and x-ray and transmission electron microscopic measurements demonstrate the binary nature of these structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnitudes of excitonic nonlinearities were compared at 12 K in InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well structures with growth directions oriented along the [100] and [111] crystal axes by measuring both the steady-state and time-resolved differential transmission spectra. As expected, the spectra for the [100] sample are indicative of excitonic bleaching at all times and for all excitation levels, and a carrier recombination time of 0.8 ns and a nonlinear cross section (change in absorption coefficient per carrier pair) of ∼8×10−14 cm2 are extracted for the [100] sample. By comparison, for low excitation levels, the spectra for the [111] sample are consistent with a blueshift of the exciton, indicating a screening of the strain-induced piezoelectric field. At higher excitation levels, the spectra are dominated by excitonic bleaching. Under identical 1 ps pulsed excitation conditions, the magnitudes of the changes in the absorption coefficient caused by screening in the [111] sample are comparable to those measured for bleaching in the [100] sample. By contrast, the steady-state changes in the absorption coefficient caused by screening in the [111] sample are an order of magnitude larger than the changes caused by bleaching in the [100] sample. It was demonstrated that the larger steady-state response for the [111] sample is caused by carrier accumulation over the longer (density-dependent) lifetime for that sample and that it is not the result of a larger nonlinear cross section. The slow, nonexponential, density-dependent recombination rates measured for the [111] sample are consistent with carrier escape and drift to screen the entire multiple quantum well structure and are not consistent with screening within the individual quantum wells.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 3860-3866 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In-plane transport in an InAs/GaAs semiconductor hetero-n-i-p-i has been investigated using picosecond transient grating techniques and an order-of-magnitude enhancement of the ambipolar transport relative to that measured in a similar undoped sample has been demonstrated. Both the magnitude and the density dependence of this enhanced transport are consistent with an additional driving force that is associated with an in-plane modulation of the screened n-i-p-i field. This modulation is the result of the spatial separation by perpendicular transport of electrons and holes that also have an in-plane density modulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1855-1861 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A time-dependent Schrödinger equation has been solved numerically for a double-barrier and a quantum-well resonant tunnelling structure. Special emphasis has been paid to the system where barriers are doped specially by negative delta-function potentials (δ potentials) which broaden the widths of the resonances and in turn decrease the dwell times. The strengths of the delta functions could be such that they may form bound states in the barrier regions, but the states bound to δ potentials are very shallow. Delta-function potentials are replaced by equivalent barriers of different heights and widths which are easy to incorporate into the numerical calculation of the propagation of the wave packet, and the corresponding physical structures can be conveniently fabricated. It is found that for a certain strength of the δ potential or parametric value of the equivalent barriers in the barriers of the resonant tunneling structure, there are three resonance states very close together. The square of the wave functions trapped in the well region for the states oscillates in time for a broad wave packet in k space, whereas the wave function trapped in the whole structure decays exponentially. The oscillating part has a resemblance with the quantum beats. There are no oscillations for a narrow wave packet in k space.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 6406-6416 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rydberg excited rare gas atom clusters are treated by the diatomics-in-ionic-systems (DIIS) method and by a simple model approach. According to the results of the calculations, metastable clusters Ar*n (n≥2) are not formed, most probably, from the lowest excited state (4s), but can be formed from higher excited states such as 4p. DIIS calculations of small Arn van der Waals clusters provide the excitation energy dependence on the number n of atoms. The model calculation shows that in the Ar13 van der Waals clusters the excited electron is pushed away from the inner cluster region to the outside region.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 7076-7089 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of surface reactivity on rotationally inelastic scattering has been examined by comparing the scattering of N2 from the reactive W(110) surface and from the passivated N and H reconstructions, W(110)–(2×2)N and W(110)–(1×1)H, as well as the nonreactive Pt(111) surface. The translational energy, rotational state population distributions, and angular momentum alignment of N2 scattered from these surfaces have been measured as a function of incident energy Ei, incident angle θi, and exit angle θf. The trends in the final translational and rotational energy correlate well with the average atomic mass of each surface. However, some of the greater rotational excitation for N2 scattered from W(110) compared to W(110)–(1×1)H can be attributed to a more anisotropic potential with respect to initial molecular orientation for N2–W(110) compared to N2–W(110)–(1×1)H or N2–Pt(111). The rotational distributions indicate that parallel momentum is not conserved for N2 scattered from W(110) or from W(110)–(2×2)N, but that parallel momentum is partially conserved for N2 scattered from W(110)–(1×1)H. Furthermore, measurements of angular momentum alignment show that significant in-plane forces are present, and that these forces are due to the repulsive part of the N2–surface potential of each system. The results are consistent with the N2–W(110) potential being highly corrugated with respect to both initial molecular orientation and impact parameter and with this corrugation being reduced dramatically by passivating the surface with the adsorption of hydrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 6856-6864 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper elaborates on the method introduced by Reinhardt and Hunter [J. Chem. Phys. 97, 1599 (1992)] for determining upper and lower bounds on free energy changes and systematically improving these bounds by variational optimization of the Hamiltonian switching path connecting the two states of interest. The advantages, conditions of applicability, and potential pitfalls of this finite-time variational method are illustrated in detail in a Monte Carlo calculation of the free energy change accompanying the reversal of magnetic field in a two-dimensional Ising model. The power of its flexibility in an inhomogeneous system is demonstrated by computing the boundary tension between domains of positive and negative magnetization in the Ising model. Its success in a problem involving molecular dynamics and continuous potentials is illustrated by computing the free energy difference between a Lennard-Jones fluid and a soft-sphere fluid. Finally, its connection with the method of dynamically modified slow growth is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 32 (1993), S. 3196-3198 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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