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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (388)
  • American Geophysical Union  (153)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (86)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1990-1994  (641)
  • 1993  (641)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1939-1942 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The creation of oxidized structures and double bonds in polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) samples implanted with P+ ions was studied. The surface polarity and the electrical conductivity of the ion-implanted polymers were also examined. As a result of the ion implantation, the polymer macromolecules are broken up and the material is degraded. An oxygen penetration into the radiation-damaged polymers is also observed, with PE being more vulnerable to the oxidation. The ion-implanted PP exhibits higher surface polarity and sheet conductivity compared to that of PE. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 567-574 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: cellulose, effect of N2O4 on crystallinity of ; crystallinity of cellulose, effect of N2O4 on ; crystallization of cellulose-N2O4 systems ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Depending on reaction conditions, the system cellulose-N2O4 may give two different unstable crystalline compounds, one being an ester (cellulose trinitrite), the second, an adduct of cellulose and HNO3 (the Knecht compound). For these compounds, mechanisms of the formation of the crystalline phase as a result of topochemical reaction and self-organization are discussed. The different characteristics of structural transformations of the fiber under nitrosation and nitration are noted. The existence of polymorphic forms of the Knecht compound is suggested. These labile nitrogen-containing compounds make possible the regeneration of cellulose in its various modifications (cellulose I, II, IV, or amorphous cellulose) from the cellulose-N2O4 system. The formation of unstable compounds and their ability to crystallize in the reaction medium allows the passage from amorphous cellulose to its crystalline modifications II or IV under mild conditions. The causes of decrystallization of cellulose by N2O4 are established. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1299-1301 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the fluence and the energy of implanted F+ ions on the surface structure of polypropylene was studied by measuring the contact angle and UV-visible spectra. With increasing ion fluence and energy, the polar component of the surface energy increases. At the same time, the number and the length of double-conjugated bindings in the polymer also increase. With higher ion energy, an increasing number of conjugations are observed but their length remains unchanged. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 2035-2038 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Conductivities of composites filled with different carbon fibers having different heat treatment temperatures (HTT) have been studied. It is shown that conductivity realization coefficient decreases with the increase of HTT. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 1009-1011 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Knudsen cell mass spectrometry has been used for the investigation of ion-molecule equilibria between gaseous neutral species and negative ions in fullerenc vapors at 800-900 K. Equilibrium constants of one-electron exchange reactions between C60 and the higher fullerenes C70, C76, C78 and C84 have been measured. Electron affinities of C70, C76, C78 and C84 were found to be 2.72 ± 0.05, 2.88 ± 0.05, 3.01 ± 0.07, and 3.05 ± 0.08 eV respectively. Negative ions of C86, C90, and C92 were observed, and the lower limit of electron affinities for these species was estimated as ≥3.0eV.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 587-592 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lanthanoid-nickel phosphides ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von La2Ni12P5 und isotypen ternären Lanthanoid-Nickel-PhosphidenDas neue ternäre Phosphid La2Ni12P5 wurde durch Aufschmelzen reiner Komponenten in einem Lichtbogenofen synthetisiert und seine Kristallstruktur durch Einkristalldaten belegt. La2Ni12P5 ist ein erster Vertreter eines neuen Strukturtyps: Raumgruppe P21/m, a = 10,911(3), b = 3,696(2), c = 13,174(4) Å, β = 108,02(2)°, V = 505,2(6) Å3, Z = 2. Die Lageparameter wurden “anisotrop” aus 1 284 Io(hkl) zu RF = 0,0278, RW = 0,0287 (I 〉 3s̰I; 116 Parameter) verfeinert. Charakteristisch für den Aufbau ist die trigonal-prismatische Koordination der Phosphoratome. Die isotypen Phosphide Ln2Ni12P5 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd und Eu) wurden ebenfalls dargestellt und durch Pulverdaten charakterisiert.
    Notes: The new ternary phosphide La2Ni12P5 has been prepared by direct arc melting of the components as pure metals and red phosphorus. The crystal structure has been determined using X-ray single crystal diffraction data. The compound exhibits a new type of crystal structure, P21/m with lattice parameters a = 10.911(3), b = 3.696(2), c = 13.174(4) Å, β = 108.02(2)°, V = 505,2(6) Å3, Z = 2. Atomic parameters least squares refinement of 116 independent variables (anisotropic approximation for thermal vibrations) employed 1 284 independent Io(hkl); RF = 0.0278 and RW = 0.0287. The crystal structure is characterized by trigonal prismatic arrangement of phosphorus atoms stacking variant of infinite (with phosphorus centered) columns built by metal trigonal prisms ‖ [010]. Two or three such columns are connected through common edges (lanthanum atoms). The compounds RE2Ni12P5 (where RE = Ce, Pr, Nd and Eu) display the same with La2Ni12P5 crystal structure. Lattice parameters of these compounds have been refined using powder diffraction data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yeast ; vacuole ; H+-ATPase ; citrate transport ; ΔpH ; membrane potential ; growth phase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vacuoles were isolated from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast cells taken at various growth phases under carbon or nitrogen limitation. Vacuoles from the cells at the logarithmic growth phase showed a high activity of vacuolar H+-ATPase (0·9-1·1 U/mg protein) and efficiently generated chemical proton gradient and membrane potential across the tonoplast. Ca2+- and citrate transport were found to be maximal at this growth phase. At growth retardation and then in the stationary phase all the parameters studied decreased irrespective of the method of growth limitation. The citrate-transporting activity of vacuoles completely disappeared at growth retardation, also irrespective of the limitation method and irrespective of whether yeast cells overproduced citrate in the culture medium. The citrate-transporting system of Y. lipolytica vacuolar membrane is concluded not to be involved in citrate efflux and this efflux is probably performed by the plasmalemma transport system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 353-355 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; Mössbauer ; phosphorus ligand ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1993-04-30
    Description: In the photosynthetic evolution of oxygen, water oxidation occurs at a catalytic site that includes four manganese atoms together with the essential cofactors, the calcium and chlorine ions. A structural model and a determination of the manganese oxidation states based on x-ray absorption spectroscopy are presented. The salient features, in both higher plants and cyanobacteria, are a pair of di-mu-oxo bridged manganese binuclear clusters linked by a mono-mu-oxo bridge, one proximal calcium atom, and one halide. In dark-adapted samples, manganese occurs in oxidation states (III) and (IV). Data from oriented membranes display distinct dichroism, precluding highly symmetrical structures for the manganese complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yachandra, V K -- DeRose, V J -- Latimer, M J -- Mukerji, I -- Sauer, K -- Klein, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 30;260(5108):675-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8480177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bridged Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chlorides/chemistry/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; Fluorides/chemistry/metabolism ; Fourier Analysis ; Manganese/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; *Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Potassium/chemistry/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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