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  • Springer  (21)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (8)
  • Oxford University Press  (6)
  • American Geophysical Union  (4)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (3)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1990-1994  (42)
  • 1993  (42)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 309-329 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Higher order moment computations are generally necessary wherever the recognition task exceeds the confines of linearity. This paper provides an overview of recent progress on a specific neural network design, which explicitly uses higher order moment information. Attention is focused on the training algorithms used in the design and on network performance in prototype applications.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: E-Acetophenone phenylhydrazone ; Crystal structure ; Theoretical calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden semiempirische PM3-Typ-Berechnungen für dasE-Isomere von Acetophenon-phenylhydrazon durchgeführt und dann auf Acetophenonimin und Phenylhydrazon ausgeweitet. Die optimierte Geometrie von Acetophenon-phenylhydrazon wurde mit der Kristallstruktur dieser Verbindung verglichen. Die Kristalle sind monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/c,a=5.520(2) Å,b=8.944(3) Å,c=23.591(8) Å, β=90.28(3)° undV=1164.7(7) Å3. Der endgültigeR-Wert für 1097 Reflexe mitF〉3σ(F) war 0.0549. Die Struktur besitzt eine planare Konformation und beide N-Atome haben trigonal-planare Geometrien. Die Ergebnisse der theoretische Berechnungen sind in guter Übereinstimmung mit jenen aus den kristallographischen Daten und zeigen, daß die Konjugation zwischen dem Hydrazonteil und den Phenylringen eine signifikante Rolle bei der planaren Konformation trägt und auch einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf Störungen bei Bindungslängen und-winkel in der Hydrazongruppierung C=N-N hat. Eine Mulliken-Analyse der Struktur ergab Bindungsordnungen von 1.77 bzw. 1.10 für die formale Doppelbindung C-N bzw. die Einfachbindung N-N.
    Notes: Summary Semiempirical (PM3 type) calculations have been carried out on theE isomer of acetophenone phenylhydrazone and extended to include acetophenoneimine and phenylhydrazone. The optimized structure of acetophenone phenylhydrazone has also been compared with the solid state structure obtained from the results of an X-ray crystal structure determination. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c,a=5.520(2) Å,b=8.944(3) Å,c=23.591(8) Å, β=90.28(3)°, andV=1164.7(7) Å3. The finalR value is 0.0549 for 1097 reflections withF〉3σ(F). The structure possesses a planar conformation and both N atoms possess trigonal-planar geometries. Results of the theoretical calculation are in good agreement with those obtained from the crystallographic data and indicate that conjugation between the hydrazone region and the phenyl rings plays a significant role in favoring a planar molecular conformation and has a significant perturbing influence on the bond lengths and angles associated with the hydrazone C=N-N atoms. A Mulliken analysis for the structure gives bond orders of 1.77 and 1.10 for the formally double bonded C-N and single-bonded N-N atoms, respectively.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Many reef-building corals and other cnidarians lost photosynthetic pigments and symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) during the coral bleaching event in the Caribbean in 1987. The Florida Reef Tract included some of the first documented cases, with widespread bleaching of the massive coral Montastrea annularis beginning in late August. Phototransects at Carysfort Reef showed discoloration of 〉90% of colonies of this species in March 1988 compared to 0% in July 1986; however no mortality was observed between 1986 and 1988. Samples of corals collected in February and June 1988 had zooxanthellae densities ranging from 0.1 in the most lightly colored corals, to 1.6x106 cells/cm2 in the darker corals. Minimum densities increased to 0.5x106 cells/cm2 by August 1989. Chlorophyll-a content of zooxanthellae and zooxanthellar mitotic indices were significantly higher in corals with lower densities of zooxanthellae, suggesting that zooxanthellar at low densities may be more nutrientsufficient than those in unbleached corals. Ash-free dry weight of coral tissue was positively correlated with zooxanthellae density at all sample times and was significantly lower in June 1988 compared to August 1989. Proteins and lipids per cm2 were significantly higher in August 1989 than in February or June, 1988. Although recovery of zooxanthellae density and coral pigmentation to normal levels may occur in less than one year, regrowth of tissue biomass and energy stores lost during the period of low symbiont densities may take significantly longer.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 26 (1993), S. 571-587 
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 26 (1993), S. 1-38 
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Fire ants ; virgin queens ; reproduction ; execution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta, some winged virgin queens are known to shed their wings (dealate) upon removal of the mated mother queen. These virgin queens then develop their ovaries and begin to lay eggs, thereby foregoing the option of leaving on mating flights and attempting to found their own colonies. Such a response of virgin queens to queenlessness has not been reported for other ants. In order to determine if virgin queens of some other fire ants (subgenusSolenopsis) would respond in the same way, experiments were conducted onS. richteri, hybridS. invicta/richteri andS. geminata, a member of a species complex different from that of the other taxa. Just as inS. invicta, virgin queens ofS. richteri and the hybrid dealated and began to lay eggs within days of the removal of the queen. In addition, workers executed many of the reproductively active virgin queens, a phenomenon also found inS. invicta. In contrast, virgin queens ofS. geminata did not dealate or quickly begin to lay eggs upon separation from the queen. Reasons for the variability in the response of virgin queens of the different species may be 1) higher probability of reproductive success for unmated dealated queens compared to normal claustral founding inS. invicta andS. richteri linked to relatively frequent loss of the mother queen; or 2) phylogenetic constraint.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: complement factor ; polymorphism ; gene mapping ; linkage ; opossum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sixth and seventh components of complement were found to be polymorphic and tightly linked in the laboratory opossum (Monodelphis domestica), as they are in eutherian mammals. In addition, strong evidence for linkage of theC6–C7 haplotype to the gene for glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) was obtained for females but not for males. This result, combined with previous observations, establishes as a generality that recombination is severely reduced in females of this species by comparison with males. It also establishes synteny ofC6–C7 andGPT in a marsupial species, as exists in mice. Because these loci are not syntenic in humans, the results imply that this synteny is ancestral to the separation of marsupials and eutherians and that it was broken relatively recently in the mammalian lineage leading to human beings. The newly described C6 and C7 polymorphisms provide additional power for developing a linkage map for M. domestica and for localizing genes that confer susceptibility to diseases for which this species is used as a model.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 32 (1993), S. 321-329 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Thermal preferences of well-fed and food-limited fire ant colonies (Solenopsis invicta) were studied in relation to colony growth and metabolic costs. The growth curve for well-fed colonies was strongly skewed toward warmer temperatures with maximal growth occurring near 32° C (Fig. 2A). The growth curve for food-limited colonies was skewed toward cooler temperatures with maximal colony size occurring around 25° C (Fig. 2B). Food-limited colonies apparently grew larger at cooler temperatures because metabolic costs of workers were reduced. A series of binary choice tests confirmed three predictions concerning fire ant thermal preferences (Figs. 3–4). First, well-fed colonies preferred brood temperatures very near the optimum for colony growth (31° C versus 32° C). Colonies were also able to select appropriate suboptimal growth temperatures when the optimal range was unavailable. Secondly, as predicted, a large percentage of colony workers (∼ 30% in well-fed colonies) consistently chose cooler temperatures than those selected for the brood. This strategy probably increases longevity of workers not directly associated with brood care. Thirdly, food-limited colonies preferred cooler temperatures than well-fed colonies. Metabolic costs of food-limited colonies were reduced by approximately 7% because of (1) slightly cooler brood temperatures (30° C versus 31° C) and because (2) an additional 20–30% of the workers selected cooler temperatures. The addition of excess food reversed food-limited thermal preferences within 12 h for the brood (Fig. 5) and several days for the workers. Contrary to expectations, thermal preferences for brood in food-limited colonies did not match the food-limited growth curve, perhaps because fire ant colonies can choose to rear brood at warm temperatures while maintaining accumulated colony biomass at cooler temperatures.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 104-105 (1993), S. 460-461 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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