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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (149)
  • Fisheries
  • GENERAL
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 1990-1994  (166)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1993  (166)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1990-1994  (166)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopy in solid state science (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: STEM ; PEELS ; HAADFI ; Nanolithography ; Super-resolution ; STM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The Microstructural Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory is actively involved in a considerable number of research projects which cover a broad range of materials science. In this paper, we describe briefly several such projects, with particular emphasis given to the application of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to the analysis of materials such as stainless steels, catalysts, and high temperature superconductors. In addition, we describe a number of related projects that are currently being carried out in the group, particularly those which utilise and develop novel STEM imaging and analytical techniques. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear protein redistribution in heat-shocked cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 154 (1993), S. 402-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An increase was observed in the total protein mass of nuclei isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells heated at 45°C or 45.5°C. An increase in the fractional recovery of DNA polymerase α and β, and of DNA topoisomerase activity coincided with this increase in the protein mass of nuclei from heated cells. Nuclear protein mass which was soluble in 2.0 M NaCl decreased 0.5 fold, while DNA-associated and nuclear matrix-associated protein mass increased 2.2 and 3.4 fold, respectively. The results indicate that the increase in nuclear protein mass observed in nuclei from heated cells is due in part to an increased binding, or precipitation, of nuclear proteins onto the cell's DNA and nuclear matrix. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041540224
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of prolactin receptor expression by the tumour promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in human breast cancer cells (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 52 (1993), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: prolactin receptor ; phorbol ester ; human breast cancer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In both the normal and malignant human breast, cellular sensitivity to the proliferative and differentiative activities of the lactogenic hormones is conferred by expression of the prolactin receptor (PRLR). The PRLR is regulated by steroid hormones; however, recent findings have suggested that PRLR may also be regulated by protein kinase C. To examine this possibility we have studied the effect of various modulators of PKC activity on PRLR binding activity and gene expression in five PRLR positive human breast cancer cell lines. Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumour promoter and modulator of PKC activity, decreased PRLR binding activity in all cell lines examined. In MCF-7 cells, 10 nM TPA caused a 70% loss of PRLR mRNA after 12 h, paralleled 3 h later by a comparable loss of cell surface PRLR. Mezerein, a non-phorbol ester modulator of PKC activity and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, a permeant analogue of the endogenous activator of PKC, also reduced PRLR binding activity, and gene expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cycloheximide failed to abrogate the TPA-induced decline in PRLR mRNA levels, indicating that this process was not dependent upon continuing protein synthesis. No change in the stability of PRLR mRNA was observed during 24 h of TPA treatment and TPA reduced the rate of PRLR gene transcription within 3 h of treatment. These results demonstrate that modulators of PKC activity reduce PRLR binding activity and gene expression, implicating this signal transduction pathway in PRLR regulation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240520108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases type 1 interleukin-1 receptor expression in a murine T cell line (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 52 (1993), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Northern analysis ; vitamin D receptor ; metabolite specificity ; immune regulation ; cellular proliferation ; MTT assay ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25 (OH)2 D3, exerts important immunoregulatory effects in addition to being a central mediator of calcium/phosphate metabolism. Utilizing an interleukin 1 responsive murine T cell line and 125I-interleukin 1α, we show that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 (5,50 nM) enhanced 125I-interleukin 1α binding up to almost 2-fold over control. This 1,25 (OH)2 D3 effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner and was detectable after 24 h but not before 7 h of culture. Scatchard analysis of 125I-interleukin 1α binding data demonstrated that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 enhanced interleukin 1 receptor number without a significant change in affinity. The biologically less potent metabolite of vitamin D3, 25 (OH) D3, also augmented 125I-interleukin 1α binding but at steroid levels 2-3 log orders greater than 1,25 (OH)2 D3. This observation, combined with the presence of high-affinity 3H-1,25 (OH)2 D3 receptors (88 sites/cell, K = 0.45 nM) in cytosolic extracts, strongly suggests that the nuclear vitamin D receptor mediates this steroid's effect on interleukin 1 receptor expression. Based on the capacity of an anti-type 1 interleukin 1 receptor monoclonal antibody (35F5) to block 1,25 (OH)2 D3-enhanced 125I-interleukin 1α binding, we conclude that this steroid augments type 1 interleukin 1 receptor expression. When combined with interleukin 1, a cytokine that also impacts MD10 interleukin 1 receptor expression, 1,25 (OH)2 D3 enhanced interleukin 1 receptor expression. Northern blots hybridized with a 32P-type 1 interleukin 1 receptor cDNA probe show that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 enhanced type 1 interleukin 1 receptor steady state mRNA levels. Functionally, 1,25 (OH)2 D3 pretreatment augmented the MD10 proliferative response to suboptimal levels of interleukin 1 (〈 100 fM interleukin 1α). These findings further support 1,25 (OH)2 D3's role as an immunoregulatory molecule and provides a possible mechanism by which this steroid could potentiate certain immune activities.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240520208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional growth and differentiation of ovarian tumor cell line in high aspect rotating-wall vessel: Morphologic and embryologic considerations (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 51 (1993), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: heterologous mixed müllerian tumor ; ovarian tumor model ; pluripotent cell ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cancer of the ovary is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. To understand better these aggressive tumors, the development of in vitro models to study human ovarian cancer is critical. However, the establishment of long-term cell lines has been difficult, due to the generalized poor survival of patient tumor cells grown in primary culture. Satisfactory culture systems for ovarian tumor cells have therefore been limited. To study cellular interactions involved in the growth and differentiation of these tumors, a cell line was established from a mixed müllerian tumor of the ovary. This cell line, designated LN1, was cultured on microcarrier beads in the high aspect rotating-wall vessel. The tumor cells grown in this vessel readily proliferated without a requirement for cocultivation with a supportive cell layer. Evaluation of cellular morphology by phase contrast light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of three-dimensional multicellular aggregates consisting of multiple cell-coated beads bridged together, as well as scattered aggregates of LN1 cells proliferating as spheroids free in suspension. In contrast to conventional culture systems, culture in the high aspect rotating-wall vessel facilitated the generation of multiple cell types that could be recovered. These results illustrate the ability of this culture system to provide the biological conditions necessary for pluripotent cell growth. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240510307
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) evaluation of crystal and plaque formation associated with biocorrosion (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Biocorrosion ; Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Biofilm ; Desulfovibrio ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The biofilm attributed to Desulfovibrio vulgaris growing in the presence of ferrous metals was examined with an environmental scanning electron microscope. This novel microscope produced images of iron sulfide colloids and other iron containing structures that had not been reported previously. A plaque composed of iron sulfide enveloped the surface of the corroding metal while crystals containing magnesium, iron, sulfur, and phosphorus were present in the culture where corrosion was in progress. A structure resembling the tubercule found in aerobic corrosion was observed on stainless steel undergoing biocorrosion and the elements present in this structure included sulfur, iron, chloride, calcium, potassium, and chromium. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250513
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of warming velocity on motility and acrosomal integrity of boar sperm as influenced by the rate of freezing and glycerol level (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 190-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Thawing velocity ; Freezing rate ; Glycerol concentration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of thawing velocities ranging from 10°C/min to 1.800°C/min on the motility and acrosomal integrity of boar spermatozoa frozen at 1°C/min (suboptimal), 5°C/min, and 30°C/min (optimal) rate was studied with the sperm suspended for freezing in diluent containing 2, 4, or 6% of glycerol (v/v). The influence of thawing on sperm survival depends on the rate at which the sperm had been frozen. In semen frozen at a suboptimal rate of 1°C/min, the percentage of motile sperm (FMP) initially fell to 3.5-4.0% when the thawing rose to 200°C/ min, but, with further increases in thawing rate, increased and reached peak values (10.3-11.0% FMP) after thawing at 1,800°C/min. The percentage of sperm with normal apical ridge (NAR) also increased moderately with thawing rate, but the degree of improvement decreased as the glycerol level was increased. In semen frozen at 1°C/min, acrosomal integrity (NAR) was best maintained in 2% glycerol, reaching 22.9% NAR after thawing at 1,800°C/min. In semen frozen at the optimal rate of 30°C/min, the increases in thawing rates above 200°C/min substantially improved motility. Motility was generally higher in semen protected by 4 or 6% glycerol, with the peak values of 44 or 46% FMP, respectively, after thawing at 1,200°C/min. The proportion of sperm with NAR also increased with thawing rate, but as in the case of suboptimally frozen sperm it was influenced negatively by the glycerol concentration. The peak value 53% NAR was recorded in semen protected by 2% glycerol, frozen at 30°C/min, and thawed at 1,200°C/min. In view of the inverse relationship between FMP and NAR, selection of optimal conditions from among the interacting variables, freezing rate, glycerol concentration, and thawing rate requires compromising between maximal FMP and maximal NAR. Accordingly, we have adopted as optimal a protocol with a thawing rate of 1,200°C/min, a freezing rate of 30°C/min and concentrations of 3% glycerol. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340211
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene transfer in bovine blastocysts using replication-defective retroviral vectors packaged with gibbon ape leukemia virus envelopes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1993), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Transgenic ; β-Actin promoter ; β-Galactosidase ; Infection ; Expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: With this work we demonstrate that murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based replication-defective retroviral vectors encapsidated with Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) envelopes are significantly more infectious to bovine embryonic trachea (EBTr) cells than vectors encapsidated with murine xenotropic envelope proteins. In a test of internal promoter activity in an MLV retroviral vector, the rat β-actin promoter was shown to be better than the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoters for the expression of an E. coli β-galactosidase marker gene in bovine target cells. By co-culture of bovine blastocysts and virus-producing cells, or by culture of embryos in the medium harvested from virus-producing cells, we transferred the E. coli β-galactosidase gene into trophoblasts and also into inner cell mass (ICM) cells of a bovine embryo through the infection of the MLV-based replication-defective retroviruses encapsidated with GaLV envelope proteins. The infection was confirmed by the expression of the E. coli β-galactosidase gene under a β-actin internal promoter. In addition, co-culture of ICM cells with virus-producing cells resulted in differentiation of ICM cells into embryoid bodies expressing the marker genes. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080350202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid fixation and embedding method for immunocytochemical studies of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) in plant and insect tissues (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 514-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Microwave energy ; Immunolabelling ; Antigenicity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A new rapid fixation and embedding technique using microwave energy was evaluated for immunolabelling and examination of ultrastructure of plant and insect cells. Tissues in gluteraldehyde-paraformaldehyde were fixed for fifteen seconds in a microwave at 100% power, and dehydrated. Microwave energy was then used to polymerize the London Resin White (LR White) acrylic resin during the embedding process. Embedded specimens were then thin sectioned (90 nm) and treated with anti-tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) antiserum followed by protein A-gold label, or antisera against a TSWV encoded nonstructural protein followed by goat anti-rabbit gold label. Using this technique, structural and nonstructural proteins of TSWV were readily detected and specifically labelled in cells of the insect vector, the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and in infected cells of the plant species, Emilia sonchifolia L. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone during bovine in vitro maturation on development following in vitro fertilization and nuclear transfer (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 36 (1993), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Embryo ; Embryo cloning ; Gonadotropin ; Meiosis ; Oocyte ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) (0, 100, 10,000 lU/ml) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (20 μg/ml) supplementation during in vitro maturation of slaughterhouse-derived oocytes on polar body formation and embryo development subsequent to in vitro fertilization and nuclear transfer were evaluated. Go-nadotropin supplementation of maturation medium in the presence of serum neither enhanced the proportion of oocytes forming a polar body nor significantly affected development following in vitro fertilization or nuclear transfer, except at the highest LH concentration. A very high concentration of LH (10,000 lU/ml) significantly decreased polar body formation, initial cleavage, and blastocyst development (P 〈 0.05). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080360410
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