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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (206)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (166)
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • 1990-1994  (372)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1993  (372)
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  • 1990-1994  (372)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 11
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    Cassini radio and plasma wave investigation: Data compression and scientific applications (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) experiment being built for the Cassini spacecraft will study a wide range of plasma and radio wave phenomena in the magnetosphere of Saturn and will also make valuable measurements during the cruise phase and at other encounters. A feature of data from wave receivers is the capability of producing vastly more data than the spacecraft telemetry link is capable of transmitting back to the Earth. Thus, techniques of on-board data compression and data reduction are important. The RPWS instrument has one processor dedicated to data compression tasks.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: British Interplanetary Society, Journal (ISSN 0007-094X); 46; 3; p. 115-120
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  • 12
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    Microsecond flares in gamma-ray bursts (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: It has been suggested that gamma-ray burst light curves may consist of many superposed flares with a duration shorter than 30/microsec. If true, the implications for the interpretation of burst data are enormous. With the launch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, four predictions of Mitrofanov's (1989) suggestion can be tested. Our results which contradict this suggestion are (1) the photon arrival times are not correlated between independent detectors, (2) the spectral hardness and intensity does not depend on the detector area, (3) the bursts seen by detectors which measure photon positions do not see microsecond flares, and (4) burst positions deduced from detectors with different projected areas are close to the positions deduced from time-of-flight differences between separated spacecraft. We conclude, therefore, that gamma-ray bursts are not composed of microsecond flares.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 404; 2; p. 673-677.
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  • 13
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    Constraints on the cosmic rays in the Small Magellanic Cloud (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Observations of the SMC using the Energetic Gamma Ray Experimental Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Observatory are reported. The findings yield an upper limit for gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV of 0.5 x 10 exp -7 photon/sq cm s. The expected flux if the cosmic rays (CR) are universal rather than Galactic in origin is (2.4 +/- 0.5) x 10 exp -7 photon/sq cm s, only a third of which arises from cosmic ray electron interactions. Thus, the bulk of the CR energy density is almost certainly neither metagalactic nor universal, but Galactic in origin. The results add to the evidence that the SMC is in a nonequilibrium state and indicate that the LMC is most likely in quasi-stable equilibrium, with a CR energy density near the maximum that can be contained.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 70; 2; p. 127-129.
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  • 14
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    Surface ices and the atmospheric composition of Pluto (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Observations of the 1.4- to 2.4-micrometer spectrum of Pluto reveal absorptions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen ices and confirm the presence of solid methane. Frozen nitrogen is more abundant than the other two ices by a factor of about 50; gaseous nitrogen must therefore be the major atmospheric constituent. The absence of carbon dioxide absorptions is one of several differences between the spectra of Pluto and Triton in this region. Both worlds carry information about the composition of the solar nebula and the processes by which icy planetesimals formed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 261; 5122; p. 745-748.
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  • 15
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    The spatial distribution of coronae and related features on Venus (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Coronae are large quasi-circular geologica features that are common on Venus. They appear to be the surface tectonic and volcanic expressions of mantle diapirs that have impinged on the underside of the venusian lithosphere. We have investigated the spatial distribution of 335 coronae and related features identified in Magellan radar data. It is more clustered than a Poisson distribution, with a statistical certainty of more than 99%. It is dominated by a single large cluster centered near the equator at about 245 deg longitude. The features are preferentially found at elevation and geoid values close to the planetary mean, with a paucity at both the highest and lowest levels of topgraphy and geoid. Some coronae appear aligned in quasi-linear chains. We attribute the clustering of coronae and related features to preferential formation of these features above regions of broad-scale mantle upwelling, and suggest that a major mantle upwelling underlies the one large cluster. We suggest that coronae are rare at the lowest elevations because these may be regions of mantle downwelling. The shortage of coronae at the highest elevations may result both from obscuration by other intense tectonism there and from suppression there of their formation by an unusually thick crust. Corona chains may be produced by enhanced passive mantle uplift below failed or incipient rifts.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 24; p. 2965-2968
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  • 16
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    A decade's overview of Io's volcanic activity (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Over the past decade some aspects of Io's volcanic activity have changed greatly, while others have essentially remained constant. This contrast has emerged from our study of multi-wavelength, infrared, observations of Io's thermal emission. From 1983 to 1992 we observed the disk integrated flux density of Io from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Our spectral coverage allows us to separate out the emission components due to volcanic thermal anomalies which are warmer than the background emission caused by solar heating. Our temporal coverage allows us to resolve individual eruptions and also to obtain the disk-integrated flux density as a function of longitude (or, equivalently, orbital phase angle). Characteristics that persisted over the decade involve Loki's location and intensity of emission, the leading hemisphere emission, and the average heat flow. The variable aspects of Io over the decade include Loki's hotter area(s) and the outbursts in the leading hemisphere.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 939-940
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  • 17
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    Optical effects of regolith processes on S asteroids as simulated by laser impulse alteration of ordinary chondrite (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The spectral properties of some powdered chondrites and minerals altered by Isser impulse are studied in order to estimate possible optical effects of regolith processes (micrometeoritic bombardment). Gradual reduction of overall reflectance and spectral contrast, the increase of continuum slope, the increase of spectrally derived olivine/pyroxene ratio and Fs content of orthopyroxene with increasing alteration degree show that regolith processes could affect optical properties of surface material more heavily than has been previously appreciated. Ordinary chondrites (OC's) are known to account for 80 percent of observed meteorite falls, but so far no main belt parent bodies have been identified for these meteorites. S-asteroids resemble OC's spectrally, but are characterized by a steeper red continuum unlike that of OC's and their spectrally derived mineralogies are far outside OC range. Attempts were made to explain the spectral mismatch between OC's and S asteroids by some process, which alters optical properties of uppermost regolith. However, the spectral studies of shocked (black) OC's, gas-rich OC's, melted OC's and synthetic metal-rich regoliths derived from OC's demonstrate that such altered OC materials darken, but do not redden.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 1011-1012
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  • 18
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    Carbon abundances, major element chemistry, and mineralogy of hydrated interplanetary dust particles (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Hydrated interplanetary dust particles (IDP's) comprise a major fraction of the interplanetary dust particles collected in the stratosphere. While much is known about the mineralogy and chemistry of hydrated IDP's, little is known about the C abundance in this class of IDP's, the nature of the C-bearing phases, and how the C abundance is related to other physical properties of hydrated IDP's. Bulk compositional data (including C and O) for 11 hydrated IDP's that were subsequently examined by the transition electron microscopy (TEM) to determine their mineralogy and mineral chemistry are reported. Our analysis indicates that these hydrated IDP's are strongly enriched in C relative to the most C-rich meteorites. The average abundance of C in these hydrated IDP's is 4X CI chondrite values. The bulk compositions (including C and O) of 11 hydrated IDP's were determined by thin-window, energy-dispersive x ray (EDX) spectroscopy of the uncoated IDP's on Be substrates in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a check on our C measurements, one of the IDP's (L2006H5) was embedded in glassy S, and microtome thin sections were prepared and placed onto Be substrates. Thin-film EDX analyses of multiple thin sections of L2006H5 show good agreement with the bulk value determined in the SEM. Following EDX analysis, the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of each IDP was determined by analyzing ultramicrotome thin sections in a TEM equipped with an EDX spectrometer.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 785-786
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  • 19
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    Complex radiation-thermal history of Kaidun meteorite on data of track study of silicate minerals (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The results of track study of approximately 80 individual silicate mineral crystals (ol, px, plag) picked out from Kaidun meteorite are presented. A wide range of observed rho(sub VH) value distributions indicate the complex irradiation history of Kaidun minerals. In one anortite crystal having two track groups with different parameters the pre-accretion irradiation traces were observed in all probability.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 761-762
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  • 20
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    Different radiation and metamorphic history of the Kainsaz CO 3.2 chondrules (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Track and thermoluminescence parameters in chondrules from the Kainsaz CO 3.2 chondrite have been studied. Obtained results elucidate their individual shock-thermal history and the early pre-accretion stage of the meteorite parent body formation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 759-760
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