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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (3)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Astrophysics
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1993  (5)
Collection
Publisher
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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oligocyclosiloxanes ; hydrosilation ; heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane ; siloxane redistribution ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of oligocyclosiloxanes via hydrosilation reactions has been investigated. Hydrosilation reactions employing heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and vinyl-containing silanes and siloxanes yielded a variety of oligocyclosiloxanes with various numbers of cyclosiloxane rings connected through tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, or octafunctional junctions. The oligocyclosiloxanes were characterized by gas chromatography, IR spectroscopy, 29Si-, 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and vapor phase osmometry. The polycyclics were redistributed with hexamethyldisiloxane and the resulting fragments analyzed by gas chromatography. All results were consistent with the formation of isomeric oligocyclosiloxanes due to a lack of absolute regioselectivity of the hydrosilation reaction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The tissue response and in vivo molecular stability of injection-molded polyhydroxyacids - polylactides (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/VA, 5-22% VA content) - were studied. Polymers were implanted subcutaneously in mice and extirpated at 1, 3, and 6 month in order to study tissue response and polymer degradation.All polymers were well tolerated by the tissue. No acute inflammation, abscess formation, or tissue necrosis was observed in tissues adjacent to the implanted materials. Furthermore, no tissue reactivity or cellular mobilization was evident remote from the implant site. Mononuclear macrophages, proliferating fibroblasts, and mature vascularized fibrous capsules were typical of the tissue response. Degradation of the polymers was accompanied by an increase in collagen deposition. For the polylactide series, the inflammatory response after 1 month of implantation was less for materials containing the D-unit in the polymer chain, whereas in the case of the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerates, the number of inflammatory cells increased with increasing content of the valerate unit in the polymer chain. Between 1-3 months, there was slightly more tissue response to the PHB and PHB/VA polymers than to PLA. This response is attributed to the presence of leachable impurities and a low molecular weight soluble component in the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerates. At 6 months, the extent of tissue reaction was similar for both types of polymers.All polylactides degraded significantly (56-99%) by 6 months. For a poly(L-lactide) series, degradation rate in vivo decreased with increasing initial molecular weight of the injection-molded polymer. Several samples showed pronounced bimodal molecular weight distributions (MWD), which may be due to differences in degradation rate, resulting from variability in distribution of crystalline and amorphous regions within the samples. This may also be the result of two different mechanisms, i.e., nonenzymatic and enzymatic, which are involved in the degradation process, the latter being more extensive at the later stage of partially hydrolyzed polymer. The PHB and PHB/VA polymers degraded less (15-43%) than the polylactides following 6 months of implantation. Generally, the polymer with higher valerate content (19%, 22% degraded most. The decrease in molecular weight was accompanied by a narrowing of the MWD for PHB and copolymers; there was no evidence of a bimodal MWD, possibly indicating that the critical molecular weight that would permit enzyme/polymer interaction had not been reached. Weight loss during implantation ranged from 0-50% for the polylactides, whereas for the PHB polymers weight loss ranged from 0-1.6%. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The final report on astrophysics data program investigation of spatial structure of supernova remnants for the period 1 Aug. 1989 to 31 Jul. 1991 is presented. The goal of the project was the study of the spatial structure of supernova remnants (SNR's) as observed in the x-ray band. A number of software tools were developed for the analysis: (1) a program to fit various geometric models to high resolution x-ray data, and (2) programs for Fourier Transform analysis of clumping in SNR's. These programs were applied to high resolution imager (HRI) data on the young galactic SNR's Tycho and Kepler with some success.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-193104 , NAS 1.26:193104
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The large area counters on the Japanese satellite Ginga have been used to determine the X-ray spectrum from the central region of the Coma cluster of galaxies over the energy range from 1.5 to 20 keV. The spectrum is well represented by an isothermal model of temperature 8.21 +/- 0.16 keV and a heavy element (iron) abundance of 0.212 +/- 0.027, relative to the cosmic value. The Ginga spectrum was found to be consistent with the X-ray spectra from the Tenma and EXOSAT satellites for a large class of nonisothermal temperature distributions. The measured iron elemental abundances were used to set a lower limit on the total mass of iron in Coma under the assumption that the iron is not distributed uniformly throughout the cluster. The mass ratio of iron relative to hydrogen (within 2 Mpc) is not less than 18 percent of the cosmic iron to hydrogen mass ratio. This compares to an average abundance of 24 percent if the iron is distributed uniformly. We discuss these results in terms of models for the production of iron in galaxy clusters.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 404; 2; p. 611-619.
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A joint nonequilibrium ionization analysis of spectral data from the Einstein Observatory of the SNR N132D in the LMC is presented on the basis of data from the Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer (FPCS) and the Solid State Spectrometer (SSS), and lower spectral resolution data from the IPC and the Monitor Proportional Counter (MPC). The FPCS detected individual emission lines of O VII, O VIII, Ne IX, Ne X, Fe XVII, and possibly Fe XX. Measured line widths for the oxygen lines suggest Doppler broadening that is roughly consistent with optically measured expansion velocities of 2250 km/s. At the SSS/IPC temperature, FPCS flux ratios constrain the O/Fe abundance to be at least 1.9 times its solar value and the O/Ne abundance to be 0.2-1.0 times its solar value. Models for remnants with progenitor masses of 20 and 25 solar masses are completely consistent with the data, while remnants with progenitor masses of 13 and 15 solar masses can be made consistent if the progenitors are required to eject a large fraction of their iron cores.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 414; 1; p. 219-229.
    Format: text
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