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  • Molecular Sequence Data  (88)
  • Rats  (19)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (99)
  • 1990-1994  (99)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1993  (99)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (99)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (99)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: Better characterization of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in patients with primary infection has important implications for the development of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine because vaccine strategies should target viral isolates with the properties of transmitted viruses. In five HIV-1 seroconverters, the viral phenotype was found to be uniformly macrophage-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing. Furthermore, the viruses were genotypically homogeneous within each patient, but a common signature sequence was not discernible among transmitted viruses. In the two cases where the sexual partners were also studied, the sequences of the transmitted viruses matched best with minor variants in the blood of the transmitters. There was also a stronger pressure to conserve sequences in gp120 than in gp41, nef, and p17, suggesting that a selective mechanism is involved in transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, T -- Mo, H -- Wang, N -- Nam, D S -- Cao, Y -- Koup, R A -- Ho, D D -- AI24030/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI25541/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI27742/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Products, gag/chemistry/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Giant Cells/physiology ; HIV Antigens/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Infections/*microbiology/transmission ; HIV Seropositivity/microbiology ; HIV-1/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Sequence Alignment ; Sexual Partners ; *Viral Proteins ; Virus Replication ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1993-12-24
    Description: A human Wilms tumor cell line (RM1) was developed to test the tumor suppressor activity of WT1, a zinc finger transcription factor that is expressed in the developing human kidney and is mutationally inactivated in a subset of Wilms tumors. Transfection of each of four wild-type WT1 isoforms suppressed the growth of RM1 cells. The endogenous WT1 transcript in these cells was devoid of exon 2 sequences, a splicing alteration that was also detected in varying amounts in all Wilms tumors tested but not in normal kidney. Production of this abnormal transcript, which encodes a functionally altered protein, may represent a distinct mechanism for inactivating WT1 in Wilms tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haber, D A -- Park, S -- Maheswaran, S -- Englert, C -- Re, G G -- Hazen-Martin, D J -- Sens, D A -- Garvin, A J -- CA37887/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA58596/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):2057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/physiology ; Genes, Wilms Tumor/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; WT1 Proteins ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-12-17
    Description: Lysin, a protein from abalone sperm, creates a hole in the envelope of the egg, permitting the sperm to pass through the envelope and fuse with the egg. The structure of lysin, refined at 1.9 angstroms resolution, reveals an alpha-helical, amphipathic molecule. The surface of the protein exhibits three features: two tracks of basic residues that span the length of the molecule, a solvent-exposed cluster of aromatic and aliphatic amino acids, and an extended amino-terminal hypervariable domain that is species-specific. The structure suggests possible mechanisms of action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, A -- McRee, D E -- Vacquier, V D -- Stout, C D -- HD12986/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1864-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037-1093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mollusca ; Mucoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Vitelline Membrane/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1993-02-26
    Description: The x-ray crystal structure of a peptide designed to form a double-stranded parallel coiled coil shows that it is actually a triple-stranded coiled coil formed by three alpha-helices. Unlike the designed parallel coiled coil, the helices run up-up-down. The structure is stabilized by a distinctive hydrophobic interface consisting of eight layers. As in the design, each alpha-helix in the coiled coil contributes one leucine side chain to each layer. The structure suggests that hydrophobic interactions are a dominant factor in the stabilization of coiled coils. The stoichiometry and geometry of coiled coils are primarily determined by side chain packing in the solvent-inaccessible interior, but electrostatic interactions also contribute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovejoy, B -- Choe, S -- Cascio, D -- McRorie, D K -- DeGrado, W F -- Eisenberg, D -- 31299/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 26;259(5099):1288-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8446897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Leucine/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/ultrastructure ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Tropomyosin/chemistry/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1993-07-16
    Description: The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk, formerly bpk or atk), is crucial for B cell development. Loss of kinase activity results in the human immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, characterized by a failure to produce B cells. In the murine X-linked immunodeficiency (XID), B cells are present but respond abnormally to activating signals. The Btk gene, btk, was mapped to the xid region of the mouse X chromosome by interspecific backcross analysis. A single conserved residue within the amino terminal unique region of Btk was mutated in XID mice. This change in xid probably interferes with normal B cell signaling mediated by Btk protein interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rawlings, D J -- Saffran, D C -- Tsukada, S -- Largaespada, D A -- Grimaldi, J C -- Cohen, L -- Mohr, R N -- Bazan, J F -- Howard, M -- Copeland, N G -- AR36834/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 16;261(5119):358-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8332901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*enzymology/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/enzymology/*genetics/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1993-04-02
    Description: The VPS34 gene product (Vps34p) is required for protein sorting to the lysosome-like vacuole of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vps34p shares significant sequence similarity with the catalytic subunit of bovine phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase [the 110-kilodalton (p110) subunit of PI 3-kinase], which is known to interact with activated cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. Yeast strains deleted for the VPS34 gene or carrying vps34 point mutations lacked detectable PI 3-kinase activity and exhibited severe defects in vacuolar protein sorting. Overexpression of Vps34p resulted in an increase in PI 3-kinase activity, and this activity was specifically precipitated with antisera to Vps34p. VPS34 encodes a yeast PI 3-kinase, and this enzyme appears to regulate intracellular protein trafficking decisions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schu, P V -- Takegawa, K -- Fry, M J -- Stack, J H -- Waterfield, M D -- Emr, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 2;260(5104):88-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8385367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Fungal ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Vacuoles/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1993-05-21
    Description: A potent neurotrophic factor that enhances survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons was purified and cloned. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer that is a distantly related member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. In embryonic midbrain cultures, recombinant human GDNF promoted the survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increased their high-affinity dopamine uptake. These effects were relatively specific; GDNF did not increase total neuron or astrocyte numbers nor did it increase transmitter uptake by gamma-aminobutyric-containing and serotonergic neurons. GDNF may have utility in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which is marked by progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, L F -- Doherty, D H -- Lile, J D -- Bektesh, S -- Collins, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 21;260(5111):1130-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Synergen, Inc., Boulder, CO 80301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology/drug effects ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dopamine/*biosynthesis ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Humans ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Neuroglia/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-03-05
    Description: Imaging the interior of living bodies with light may assist in the diagnosis and treatment of a number of clinical problems, which include the early detection of tumors and hypoxic cerebral injury. An existing picosecond time-of-flight and absorbance (TOFA) optical system has been used to image a model biologic system and a rat. Model measurements confirmed TOFA principles in systems with a high degree of photon scattering; rat images, which were constructed from the variable time delays experienced by a fixed fraction of early-arriving transmitted photons, revealed identifiable internal structure. A combination of light-based quantitative measurement and TOFA localization may have applications in continuous, noninvasive monitoring for structural imaging and spatial chemometric analysis in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benaron, D A -- Stevenson, D K -- RR-00081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 5;259(5100):1463-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8451643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Light ; Models, Theoretical ; Radiation ; Rats ; Spectrophotometry/instrumentation/*methods ; Time Factors
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1993-06-11
    Description: Elevated blood concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and its constituent, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], constitute a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, but their physiological activities remain obscure. Lp(a) and purified apo(a) stimulated the growth of human smooth muscle cells in culture. This effect resulted from inhibition of plasminogen activation, and consequently the activation by plasmin of latent transforming growth factor-beta, which is an inhibitor of smooth muscle cell growth. Because smooth muscle proliferation is one of the hallmarks of atherosclerotic lesions, these results point to a plausible mechanism for the atherogenic activity of Lp(a).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grainger, D J -- Kirschenlohr, H L -- Metcalfe, J C -- Weissberg, P L -- Wade, D P -- Lawn, R M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 11;260(5114):1655-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8503012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins/physiology ; Apoprotein(a) ; Cell Division/drug effects/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibrinolysin/physiology ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a)/*physiology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/metabolism ; Plasminogen Activators/metabolism ; Rats ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: Antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes transduce signals by activating nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). A family of receptor PTKs contains kinase insert regions with the sequence tyrosine-X-X-methionine (where X is any amino acid) that when phosphorylated mediate the binding and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The CD19 membrane protein of B cells enhances activation through membrane immunoglobulin M (mIgM) and was found to contain a functional analog of the kinase insert region. Ligation of mIgM induced phosphorylation of CD19 and association with PI 3-kinase. Thus, CD19 serves as a surrogate kinase insert region for mIgM by providing the means for PI 3-kinase activation by nonreceptor PTKs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tuveson, D A -- Carter, R H -- Soltoff, S P -- Fearon, D T -- 5T32GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI22833/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI28191/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):986-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7684160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD19 ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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