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  • Springer  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (1)
  • Geological Society of London  (1)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (22)
  • 1993  (22)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 9986-9994 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transient infrared response of CO/Pt(111) following picosecond visible excitation is reported. A spectrally broad decrease in reflectivity correlates with heating of the Pt lattice, and an observed shift in the CO(v=0→1) transition is interpreted as heating of the 60 cm−1 in-plane frustrated translational mode. A phenomenological three temperature model that assumes the adsorbate vibrational temperature Tads exclusively couples to either the electronic temperature Te (with a time constant τe) or to the lattice temperature Tlat (with a time constant τlat) describes the temporal response of the adsorbate vibrations. The lattice phonon temperature Tlat(z,t) and measured temperature dependence of the optical constants predict the observed spectrally broad reflectivity change. Density matrix methods model the infrared response of the transiently heated molecule. Limits of τe=2±1 ps or τlat〈1 ps are established by comparison of predicted spectra and the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1993), S. 27-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bioassays using rapid-cycling plants allow measurement of multiple endpoints and assessment of impacts on both growth and reproduction. Selections of Brassica rapa develop rapidly in a broad range of soils and are very consistent in production of flower and seed. Their sensitivity to variation in growth conditions was investigated to define the variables that most affect performance. Yield differences between soils were substantial, indicating the need for careful selection and use of control treatments. The sensitivity to contaminants was investigated with applications of mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) to three soils. In a sand soil, bloom initiation was slowed by 〈10 mg Hg kg−1 soil and 〈50 mg Zn kg−1 soil. In contrast, lettuce emergence and earthworm survival were less sensitive to these metals in this soil. Survival of Daphnia magna and the Microtox® assay in soil extracts were more sensitive to Hg than bloom initiation, but less sensitive to Zn. A similar relationship among the bioassays was observed for two finer-textured soils, although for these, effects were usually apparent only at soil metal concentrations 〉200 mg kg−1. Enzyme assays were included for comparison, but were not sensitive to Hg contamination. Rapid-cycling B. rapa selections are suitable for routine bioassays, and are representative of several widely distributed and utilized species.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mehrere Formationen im unteren Teil der Appin Gruppe der Dalradians sind durch karbonatische und kalk-silikatische Lithologien gekennzeichnet. Amphibole treten in diesen metasedimentären Einheiten in verschiedener Ausbildung auf, als feinkörnige, disseminierte Kristalle, als radialstrahlige, die Gesteine durchwachsende Aggregate und in dunkelgrünen, zu mehr als 90% aus Amphibolen bestehenden Lagen. Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosondenuntersuchungen belegen einfache mineralchemische Zusammensetzungen, die Tremolite, tremolitische Hornblende und Magnesio-Hornblende umfaßt. Die einzige bedeutende Substitution ist die zwischen Tremolit und Alumino-Tschermakit [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] und zwischen Tremolit und Ferri-Tschermakit [MgSi ⇌ FeviAliv]. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen Amphibole aus den nahegelegenen Metavulkaniten und intrusiven Metadoleriten vier Substitutionstrends von Tremolit zu Ferro-Akttinolith, Edenit, Alumino-Tschermakit und Ferri-Tschermakit. Diese unterschiedlichen Trends könnten auch anderswo bei der Unterscheidung zwischen Para- und Orthoamphiboliten behilflich sein. Tremolitische Amphibole machen normalerweise einen Großteil der kalk-silikatischen Gesteine aus, in denen ansonsten nur Quarz ± Phologpit auftritt. Karbonate fehlen bemerkenswerterweise. Dies weist auf Mg-reiche sedimentäre Protolithe, wie dolomitische Mergel mit möglicherweise etwas Magnesit, hin. Sedimentologische Überlegungen lassen die Ablagerung in abgeschnürten Küstenlagunen tropischer Breiten, die Teil eines weiträumigen stabilen Schelfes waren, vermuten.
    Notes: Summary Several formations within the lower part of the Dalradian Appin Group are characterised by calcareous and calc-silicate lithologies. Amphibole occurs in these metasedimentary units in a variety of habits, from fine-grained disseminated crystals, through radiating aggregates permeating the whole rock, to dark green layers consisting of over 90% amphibole. Electron microprobe analyses of these amphiboles exhibit simple compositional trends from tremolite, through tremolitic hornblende to magnesio-hornblende. The only significant substitutions are from tremolite towards alumino-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] and from tremolite towards ferri-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ FeviAliv]. This is in marked contrast to amphiboles from nearby suites of metavolcanic rocks and intrusive metadolerites which exhibit four coupled substitutions, leading from tremolite towards the ferro-actinolite, edenite, alumino-tschermakite and ferritschermakite end-members. These distinctive compositional trends may aid the distinction between para- and ortho-amphibolites elsewhere. Tremolitic amphibole commonly constitutes a high proportion of the calc-silicate rocks, the only other phases present being quartz ± phlogopite. Carbonate minerals are notably absent. This suggests that the sedimentary protolith was high in Mg, such as a dolomitic marl, possibly containing some magnesite. Sedimentological considerations suggest deposition in tropical latitudes in restricted coastal lagoons forming part of an extensive stable shelf bordering a mature landscape.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 12 (1993), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to corroborate findings that females invoke a decision rule that is significantly different from that of their male counterparts when making ethical value judgements. In addition, the study examines whether the same decision rule is used by men and women for all types of ethical situations. The results show that males and females use different decision rules when making ethical evaluations, although there are types of situations where there are no significant differences in decision rules used by men and women. The results do not suggest that any one particular decision rule is used by the majority of either males or females in different types of ethical judgements. There is a greater diversity in decision rules used by females than by males.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 541-553 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: amorphous metals ; crystallization ; in situ measurements ; X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time-resolved X-ray scattering has been used to study the kinetics of crystallization of amorphous metals on time scales varying from minutes to milliseconds. Measurements have been at the National Synchrotron Light Source, using a wide-bandpass monochomator and fast linear position-sensitive detector system at the IBM/MIT beamline X-20C. With this apparatus, scattering patterns from the transforming material can be acquired with 3-ms time resolution. A fast pyrometric temperature controller has been developed to change and regulate the sample temperature with microsecond response. In a typical measurement, two synchronized position-sensitive detectors provide complementaryin situ information about the transformation. The first is used for wide-angle scattering and allows us to determine which phases are present and to what extent. Changes in lattice parameter and particle size can also be deduced. The second detector measures small-angle scattering, yielding additional information about the microstructure, such as the spacing between lammellae in eutectic systems. At relatively slow transformation rates, quantitative measurements of crystal volume fractions as small as 10−4 are possible. In many systems, as the transformation rate is increased, the crystallization mechanism changes such that new metastable crystal phases are formed en route to the equilibrium structure.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 341-361 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We studied the dynamics of Cd uptake and depuration in epilithic periphyton and in the grazing amphipod Hyalella azteca. Both stable Cd, sufficient to achieve an aqueous concentration of 90 ng L−1, and its radiotracer 109Cd, were added during 1987 to the epilimnion of oligotrophic Lake 382 of the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario. Cadmium dynamics within both periphyton and Hyalella were rapid, with equilibrium being approached within two weeks. For periphyton, the Cd uptake rate constant (K uw ) was 3.8×104 d−1 with a depuration rate of 0.29 d−1. For Hyalella the depuration rate was 0.36 d−1, 10% due to growth dilution and 90% to excretion or desorption. The total Cd uptake rate (k ut ) by Hyalella was 6.1×104 d−1, with more of the uptake (58%) derived from food (periphyton) than from water. Hyalella assimilated 80% of ingested Cd. Steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCF) were at least 10-fold higher than previously published values for Amphipoda. In periphyton and Hyalella the BCF were 1.2×105 and 3.2×105, respectively.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Protein A fromStaphylococcus aureus is a powerful diagnostic reagent and has several uses in human disease therapy. Expression in non-pathogenicEscherichia coli containing recombinant plasmids coding for this protein has increased its availability, but can reduce the stability of the plasmid-bearing host. By employing immune electron microscopy, we have determined thatE. coli containing stable plasmids coding for a truncated version of protein A, without the membrane binding site, secrete this protein through the cytoplasmic membrane and into the periplasmic space, where it accumulates.E. coli containing unstable plasmids, however, which code for the complete protein including the membrane-binding site, target the protein into the cytoplasmic membrane. This accumulation of protein A in theE. coli cytoplasmic membrane inhibits the formation of septa between dividing cells and results in aberrant elongated, multi-chromosomal forms.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 4 (1993), S. S192 
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 4 (1993), S. S72 
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 2 (1993), S. 603-615 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: conservation and tourism ; habitat disturbance ; mid-altitude rain forest ; Nesomyinae ; Tenrecidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study represents the first long-term small mammal survey of the mid-altitude rain forest reserve of Analamazaotra, Madagascar. Twenty-three visits were made to the reserve between April 1988 and May 1990. Live-trapping with Sherman and pitfall traps at four sites subjected to varying levels of human disturbance revealed the presence of seven endemic tenrec species, three endemic rodent species and an introduced rat. Greater species richness was demonstrated at the most undisturbed site, though individual species abundance was reduced. Human disturbance associated with tourism was correlated with a decrease in endemic species richness and an increase in abundance of introduced rats. Forest subjected to infrequent logging by local people exhibited an intermediate level of species richness. It is recommended that core areas of the reserve be left undisturbed in order to preserve small mammal species diversity.
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