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  • Humans  (81)
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (85)
  • 1993  (85)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1993-05-07
    Description: Genetic linkage analysis was used to determine whether a specific chromosomal locus could be implicated in families with a history of early onset cancer but with no other unique features. Close linkage of disease to anonymous microsatellite markers on chromosome 2 was demonstrated in two large kindreds. The pairwise lod scores for linkage to marker D2S123 in these kindreds were 6.39 and 1.45 at zero recombination, and multipoint linkage with flanking markers resulted in lod scores of 6.47 and 6.01. These results prove the existence of a genetically determined predisposition to colorectal cancer that has important ramifications for understanding and preventing this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peltomaki, P -- Aaltonen, L A -- Sistonen, P -- Pylkkanen, L -- Mecklin, J P -- Jarvinen, H -- Green, J S -- Jass, J R -- Weber, J L -- Leach, F S -- CA 35494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 47527/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HG 00248/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 7;260(5109):810-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8484120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; Colonic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; DNA, Satellite/genetics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Rectal Neoplasms/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1993-01-08
    Description: Nitrosoureas form O6-alkylguanine-DNA adducts that are converted to G to A transitions, the mutation found in the activated ras oncogenes of nitrosourea-induced mouse lymphomas and rat mammary tumors. These adducts are removed by the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. Transgenic mice that express the human homolog of this protein in the thymus were found to be protected from developing thymic lymphomas after exposure to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Thus, transgenic expression of a single human DNA repair gene is sufficient to block chemical carcinogenesis. The transduction of DNA repair genes in vivo may unravel mechanisms of carcinogenesis and provide therapeutic protection from known carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dumenco, L L -- Allay, E -- Norton, K -- Gerson, S L -- P01CA51183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01ES06288/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 8;259(5092):219-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8421782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *DNA Repair/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Methylnitrosourea ; Methyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Thymus Neoplasms/chemically induced/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1993-10-22
    Description: Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1a is caused by the deficiency of D-glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), the key enzyme in glucose homeostasis. Despite both a high incidence and morbidity, the molecular mechanisms underlying this deficiency have eluded characterization. In the present study, the molecular and biochemical characterization of the human G6Pase complementary DNA, its gene, and the expressed protein, which is indistinguishable from human microsomal G6Pase, are reported. Several mutations in the G6Pase gene of affected individuals that completely inactivate the enzyme have been identified. These results establish the molecular basis of this disease and open the way for future gene therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lei, K J -- Shelly, L L -- Pan, C J -- Sidbury, J B -- Chou, J Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 22;262(5133):580-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8211187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Exons ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/*genetics/metabolism ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/enzymology/*genetics ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1993-05-28
    Description: A gene discovered by positional cloning has been identified as the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease tumor suppressor gene. A restriction fragment encompassing the gene showed rearrangements in 28 of 221 VHL kindreds. Eighteen of these rearrangements were due to deletions in the candidate gene, including three large nonoverlapping deletions. Intragenic mutations were detected in cell lines derived from VHL patients and from sporadic renal cell carcinomas. The VHL gene is evolutionarily conserved and encodes two widely expressed transcripts of approximately 6 and 6.5 kilobases. The partial sequence of the inferred gene product shows no homology to other proteins, except for an acidic repeat domain found in the procyclic surface membrane glycoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Latif, F -- Tory, K -- Gnarra, J -- Yao, M -- Duh, F M -- Orcutt, M L -- Stackhouse, T -- Kuzmin, I -- Modi, W -- Geil, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 28;260(5112):1317-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC), Frederick, MD 21702-1201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Deletion ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/*genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1993-06-25
    Description: Female spotted hyenas exhibit male-like genitalia and dominance over males. Hyena ovarian tissues incubated in vitro produced large quantities of the steroid hormone precursor androstenedione. The activity of aromatase, which converts androstenedione to estrogen, was one-twentieth as great in hyena versus human placental homogenates. In comparison, the activity of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts androstenedione to testosterone, was equal in the two homogenates. The limited aromatase activity may allow the hyena placenta to convert high circulating concentrations of androstenedione to testosterone, which results in virilization of the fetal external genitalia and possibly destruction of fetal ovarian follicles. Androstenedione production by residual ovarian stromal cells during reproductive life accounts for the epigenetic transmission of virilization in female spotted hyenas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yalcinkaya, T M -- Siiteri, P K -- Vigne, J L -- Licht, P -- Pavgi, S -- Frank, L G -- Glickman, S E -- CA-39825/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- MH-39917/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 25;260(5116):1929-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8391165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/metabolism ; Animals ; Aromatase/*metabolism ; Carnivora/embryology/*metabolism ; Corpus Luteum/metabolism ; Estradiol/biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Luteinizing Hormone/pharmacology ; Male ; Ovary/*metabolism ; Placenta/enzymology/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/biosynthesis ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/*biosynthesis
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1993-05-07
    Description: A predisposition to colorectal cancer is shown to be linked to markers on chromosome 2 in some families. Molecular features of "familial" cancers were compared with those of sporadic colon cancers. Neither the familial nor sporadic cancers showed loss of heterozygosity for chromosome 2 markers, and the incidence of mutations in KRAS, P53, and APC was similar in the two groups of tumors. Most of the familial cancers, however, had widespread alterations in short repeated DNA sequences, suggesting that numerous replication errors had occurred during tumor development. Thirteen percent of sporadic cancers had identical abnormalities and these cancers shared biologic properties with the familial cases. These data suggest a mechanism for familial tumorigenesis different from that mediated by classic tumor suppressor genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aaltonen, L A -- Peltomaki, P -- Leach, F S -- Sistonen, P -- Pylkkanen, L -- Mecklin, J P -- Jarvinen, H -- Powell, S M -- Jen, J -- Hamilton, S R -- CA 35494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 47527/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 7;260(5109):812-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8484121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; Colonic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; DNA, Satellite/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1993-09-24
    Description: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory synovial disease thought to involve T cells reacting to an antigen within the joint. Type II collagen is the major protein in articular cartilage and is a potential autoantigen in this disease. Oral tolerization to autoantigens suppresses animal models of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, including two models of rheumatoid arthritis. In this randomized, double-blind trial involving 60 patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis, a decrease in the number of swollen joints and tender joints occurred in subjects fed chicken type II collagen for 3 months but not in those that received a placebo. Four patients in the collagen group had complete remission of the disease. No side effects were evident. These data demonstrate clinical efficacy of an oral tolerization approach for rheumatoid arthritis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trentham, D E -- Dynesius-Trentham, R A -- Orav, E J -- Combitchi, D -- Lorenzo, C -- Sewell, K L -- Hafler, D A -- Weiner, H L -- AG00294/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MO1 RR01032/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1727-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8378772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*drug therapy/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/*drug therapy/immunology ; Collagen/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Placebo Effect ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1993-06-11
    Description: Elevated blood concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and its constituent, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], constitute a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, but their physiological activities remain obscure. Lp(a) and purified apo(a) stimulated the growth of human smooth muscle cells in culture. This effect resulted from inhibition of plasminogen activation, and consequently the activation by plasmin of latent transforming growth factor-beta, which is an inhibitor of smooth muscle cell growth. Because smooth muscle proliferation is one of the hallmarks of atherosclerotic lesions, these results point to a plausible mechanism for the atherogenic activity of Lp(a).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grainger, D J -- Kirschenlohr, H L -- Metcalfe, J C -- Weissberg, P L -- Wade, D P -- Lawn, R M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 11;260(5114):1655-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8503012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins/physiology ; Apoprotein(a) ; Cell Division/drug effects/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibrinolysin/physiology ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a)/*physiology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/metabolism ; Plasminogen Activators/metabolism ; Rats ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-09-17
    Description: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) depletes T cells expressing CD4 and B cells expressing immunoglobulin (Ig) VH3 gene products. A subpopulation of normal B cells from non-HIV-infected individuals was shown to bind to HIV gp120 by means of membrane Ig; most of these B cells expressed VH3 family Ig. Serum VH3 IgM from uninfected individuals also avidly bound gp120. Finally, gp120 selectively induced Ig secretion by VH3 B cells, indicating that the binding of gp120 functionally activated these cells. These results indicate that naturally occurring VH3 Ig is a second ligand for gp120 and a candidate superantigen for VH3 B cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berberian, L -- Goodglick, L -- Kipps, T J -- Braun, J -- AI28697/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA12800/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM08375/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 17;261(5128):1588-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7690497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Antigens, CD19 ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/analysis ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Flow Cytometry ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*metabolism ; *Hiv-1 ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*metabolism ; Immunoglobulin M/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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