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  • Elsevier  (36)
  • Springer  (21)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (5)
  • American Meteorological Society  (2)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2000-2004  (28)
  • 1990-1994  (38)
  • 2002  (28)
  • 1993  (38)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 9986-9994 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transient infrared response of CO/Pt(111) following picosecond visible excitation is reported. A spectrally broad decrease in reflectivity correlates with heating of the Pt lattice, and an observed shift in the CO(v=0→1) transition is interpreted as heating of the 60 cm−1 in-plane frustrated translational mode. A phenomenological three temperature model that assumes the adsorbate vibrational temperature Tads exclusively couples to either the electronic temperature Te (with a time constant τe) or to the lattice temperature Tlat (with a time constant τlat) describes the temporal response of the adsorbate vibrations. The lattice phonon temperature Tlat(z,t) and measured temperature dependence of the optical constants predict the observed spectrally broad reflectivity change. Density matrix methods model the infrared response of the transiently heated molecule. Limits of τe=2±1 ps or τlat〈1 ps are established by comparison of predicted spectra and the data.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1367-1367 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This talk will describe proposed studies of atomic- and nanoscale dynamics in condensed matter which take advantage of the high coherent x-ray flux to be produced by future x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) sources, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source at Stanford. In particular, I will focus on the current status and future prospects for photon correlation spectroscopy using coherent x-rays (XPCS), and the use of the ultrashort pulse structure of the x-ray FEL to observe dynamics into the femtosecond range. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 1809-1811 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present in situ surface x-ray scattering measurements of PbTiO3 epitaxy by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition. Oscillations in crystal truncation rod intensity corresponding to layer-by-layer growth are observed under a variety of growth conditions. At lower PbO overpressures, we observe a transition to step-flow growth and an increased rate of recovery after growth, indicating a higher surface mobility. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique for selective characterization of the structure of free and buried thin-film interfaces by vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation spectroscopy is described. Manipulation of Fresnel coefficients by choice of film thickness on a reflecting substrate allows simultaneous optimization of the signal from the desired interface and minimization of the signal from other interfacial sources. This technique is demonstrated for the free polystyrene (PS)/air and the buried PS/spin-on glass interfaces. Our spectra show that the pendant phenyl group orientation is similar at the buried and free interfaces, with the phenyls pointing away from the bulk PS at each interface.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 1361-1369 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic energy transfer pathways that occur following collisions between I2 in the E ion-pair electronic state (v=0, J=55) and He and Ar atoms have been determined. The nearby D, D′, and β ion-pair states are populated, but with relative branching ratios that vary with the rare gas collision partner. In He/I2 collisions, the D state is preferentially populated, while Ar/I2 collisions preferentially populate the β electronic state. Bimolecular rate constants and effective hard sphere collision cross sections have been determined for each channel; the cross sections range from 7.0±1.0 Å2 for populating the β state with Ar collisions to 0.9±0.2 Å2 for populating the D′ state with He collisions. For both rare gas collision partners, and all three final electronic states, low vibrational levels are populated, in rough accord with the relevant Franck–Condon factors. There is little propensity observed for population of vibrational levels that are in near resonance with the initially prepared level in the E state. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1993), S. 27-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bioassays using rapid-cycling plants allow measurement of multiple endpoints and assessment of impacts on both growth and reproduction. Selections of Brassica rapa develop rapidly in a broad range of soils and are very consistent in production of flower and seed. Their sensitivity to variation in growth conditions was investigated to define the variables that most affect performance. Yield differences between soils were substantial, indicating the need for careful selection and use of control treatments. The sensitivity to contaminants was investigated with applications of mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) to three soils. In a sand soil, bloom initiation was slowed by 〈10 mg Hg kg−1 soil and 〈50 mg Zn kg−1 soil. In contrast, lettuce emergence and earthworm survival were less sensitive to these metals in this soil. Survival of Daphnia magna and the Microtox® assay in soil extracts were more sensitive to Hg than bloom initiation, but less sensitive to Zn. A similar relationship among the bioassays was observed for two finer-textured soils, although for these, effects were usually apparent only at soil metal concentrations 〉200 mg kg−1. Enzyme assays were included for comparison, but were not sensitive to Hg contamination. Rapid-cycling B. rapa selections are suitable for routine bioassays, and are representative of several widely distributed and utilized species.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mehrere Formationen im unteren Teil der Appin Gruppe der Dalradians sind durch karbonatische und kalk-silikatische Lithologien gekennzeichnet. Amphibole treten in diesen metasedimentären Einheiten in verschiedener Ausbildung auf, als feinkörnige, disseminierte Kristalle, als radialstrahlige, die Gesteine durchwachsende Aggregate und in dunkelgrünen, zu mehr als 90% aus Amphibolen bestehenden Lagen. Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosondenuntersuchungen belegen einfache mineralchemische Zusammensetzungen, die Tremolite, tremolitische Hornblende und Magnesio-Hornblende umfaßt. Die einzige bedeutende Substitution ist die zwischen Tremolit und Alumino-Tschermakit [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] und zwischen Tremolit und Ferri-Tschermakit [MgSi ⇌ FeviAliv]. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen Amphibole aus den nahegelegenen Metavulkaniten und intrusiven Metadoleriten vier Substitutionstrends von Tremolit zu Ferro-Akttinolith, Edenit, Alumino-Tschermakit und Ferri-Tschermakit. Diese unterschiedlichen Trends könnten auch anderswo bei der Unterscheidung zwischen Para- und Orthoamphiboliten behilflich sein. Tremolitische Amphibole machen normalerweise einen Großteil der kalk-silikatischen Gesteine aus, in denen ansonsten nur Quarz ± Phologpit auftritt. Karbonate fehlen bemerkenswerterweise. Dies weist auf Mg-reiche sedimentäre Protolithe, wie dolomitische Mergel mit möglicherweise etwas Magnesit, hin. Sedimentologische Überlegungen lassen die Ablagerung in abgeschnürten Küstenlagunen tropischer Breiten, die Teil eines weiträumigen stabilen Schelfes waren, vermuten.
    Notes: Summary Several formations within the lower part of the Dalradian Appin Group are characterised by calcareous and calc-silicate lithologies. Amphibole occurs in these metasedimentary units in a variety of habits, from fine-grained disseminated crystals, through radiating aggregates permeating the whole rock, to dark green layers consisting of over 90% amphibole. Electron microprobe analyses of these amphiboles exhibit simple compositional trends from tremolite, through tremolitic hornblende to magnesio-hornblende. The only significant substitutions are from tremolite towards alumino-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ AlviAliv] and from tremolite towards ferri-tschermakite [MgSi ⇌ FeviAliv]. This is in marked contrast to amphiboles from nearby suites of metavolcanic rocks and intrusive metadolerites which exhibit four coupled substitutions, leading from tremolite towards the ferro-actinolite, edenite, alumino-tschermakite and ferritschermakite end-members. These distinctive compositional trends may aid the distinction between para- and ortho-amphibolites elsewhere. Tremolitic amphibole commonly constitutes a high proportion of the calc-silicate rocks, the only other phases present being quartz ± phlogopite. Carbonate minerals are notably absent. This suggests that the sedimentary protolith was high in Mg, such as a dolomitic marl, possibly containing some magnesite. Sedimentological considerations suggest deposition in tropical latitudes in restricted coastal lagoons forming part of an extensive stable shelf bordering a mature landscape.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 12 (1993), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to corroborate findings that females invoke a decision rule that is significantly different from that of their male counterparts when making ethical value judgements. In addition, the study examines whether the same decision rule is used by men and women for all types of ethical situations. The results show that males and females use different decision rules when making ethical evaluations, although there are types of situations where there are no significant differences in decision rules used by men and women. The results do not suggest that any one particular decision rule is used by the majority of either males or females in different types of ethical judgements. There is a greater diversity in decision rules used by females than by males.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 14 (1993), S. 541-553 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: amorphous metals ; crystallization ; in situ measurements ; X-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time-resolved X-ray scattering has been used to study the kinetics of crystallization of amorphous metals on time scales varying from minutes to milliseconds. Measurements have been at the National Synchrotron Light Source, using a wide-bandpass monochomator and fast linear position-sensitive detector system at the IBM/MIT beamline X-20C. With this apparatus, scattering patterns from the transforming material can be acquired with 3-ms time resolution. A fast pyrometric temperature controller has been developed to change and regulate the sample temperature with microsecond response. In a typical measurement, two synchronized position-sensitive detectors provide complementaryin situ information about the transformation. The first is used for wide-angle scattering and allows us to determine which phases are present and to what extent. Changes in lattice parameter and particle size can also be deduced. The second detector measures small-angle scattering, yielding additional information about the microstructure, such as the spacing between lammellae in eutectic systems. At relatively slow transformation rates, quantitative measurements of crystal volume fractions as small as 10−4 are possible. In many systems, as the transformation rate is increased, the crystallization mechanism changes such that new metastable crystal phases are formed en route to the equilibrium structure.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 68 (1993), S. 341-361 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract We studied the dynamics of Cd uptake and depuration in epilithic periphyton and in the grazing amphipod Hyalella azteca. Both stable Cd, sufficient to achieve an aqueous concentration of 90 ng L−1, and its radiotracer 109Cd, were added during 1987 to the epilimnion of oligotrophic Lake 382 of the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario. Cadmium dynamics within both periphyton and Hyalella were rapid, with equilibrium being approached within two weeks. For periphyton, the Cd uptake rate constant (K uw ) was 3.8×104 d−1 with a depuration rate of 0.29 d−1. For Hyalella the depuration rate was 0.36 d−1, 10% due to growth dilution and 90% to excretion or desorption. The total Cd uptake rate (k ut ) by Hyalella was 6.1×104 d−1, with more of the uptake (58%) derived from food (periphyton) than from water. Hyalella assimilated 80% of ingested Cd. Steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCF) were at least 10-fold higher than previously published values for Amphipoda. In periphyton and Hyalella the BCF were 1.2×105 and 3.2×105, respectively.
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