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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox for continuous variables in nondegenerate parametric amplification (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 265-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is demonstrated experimentally for continuous variables by employing a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). Such a system is analogous to and under some ideal conditions is in one-to-one correspondence with the original system discussed by EPR. In particular, the quadrature-phase amplitudes for a signal beam are inferred in turn from those of a spatially separated but strongly correlated idler beam, where these optical amplitudes are analogous to canonical position and momentum variables. The variances for the two inferences are measured and their product is observed to be below the limit of unity associated with the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, in apparent contradiction with quantum mechanics according to the argument of EPR. The smallest product of inference variances achieved in the experiment is (0.70±0.01). Various other types of quantum noise for this system are also investigated, and a theory of a narrowband NOPA is presented with losses included. A comparison between experiment and this theory shows relatively good agreement. The question of a local hidden-variables description of the system is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IR and FIR spectroscopy of 13CD3OH around the 10P(22) and 10P(24) CO2 laser lines: New FIR laser emissions, frequency measurements and assignments (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By using high resolution infrared Fourier transform data on 13CD3OH and the 10P(22) and 10P(24) lines of a waveguide CO2 laser to optically pump this methanol isotope, eight new FIR laser lines were observed. The frequencies of five laser lines were directly measured by heterodyne detection with already known laser lines. Particularly interesting are the lines pumped by the 10P(24) line, since a triade of emissions could be completely assigned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331730
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation function formulas for some infrared asymptotic-free scalar field lattice models via the block renormalization group (1992)
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 25 (1992), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 81E15 ; 82A25
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a class of scalar field lattice models with action 1/2(∂ϕ)+V(ϕ), V small. After n block renormalization group transformations, new formulas are obtained for the finite lattice generating and correlation functions. For some infrared asymptotic-free models in the thermodynamic and n → ∞ limits, the formulas for correlation functions are especially simple, isolate the correct dominant long-distance behavior, and can be used to control the subdominant contributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402372
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the saturation parameter of electronic transition in a uranium-neon hollow-cathode discharge by optogalvanic spectroscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 14 (1992), S. 605-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Other topics in atomic spectra and interactions of atoms with photons ; Photon interactions with atoms ; Atomic and molecular measurement and techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The optogalvanic signal (OGS) induced in a uranium-neon hollow-cathode discharge was measured as a function of the laser power density for the 0→16900 cm−1 (591.5 nm) uranium transition. Theoretical relations derived by solving a two-level system rate equations showed the OGS dependence on the laser photon flux, for a modulated c.w. light and for stimulated transitions starting from the ground state. A fitting of the theoretical relations to the experimental measurements allowed the determination of the σ0 τ product, that is, the saturation parameter of the transition. The results showed good agreement between the σ0 τ values obtained by the optogalvanic and the usual optical absorption processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462347
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid dynamically caused cycle-to-cycle variations in piston-driven pipe expansion flows (1992)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 13 (1992), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A piston-driven pipe flow with a sudden expansion in cross-sectional area was studied experimentally using flow visualization and laser-Doppler anemometry as basic experimental techniques. To drive the flow, a piston was moved in the larger of the two pipes. It drew in the fluid into the pipe assembly during the upward stroke and removed fluid during the downward stroke. The time-varying flow field was investigated, yielding detailed information on the flow structure, its development, and variation with time. In the present paper, particular attention is given to those flow conditions that resulted in cycle-to-cylce variations of the flow field. For some of the conditions, repetitive cycle-to-cycle variations of the flow field occurred, yielding identical flows for even-numbered flow cycles and also for odd numbered cycles. However, the latter differed from the former. The presented data show that non-repetitive cycle-to-cycle variations of the flow field also exist and that these can be driven into a state where the flow appears to be nearly chaotic. The results of the investigation clearly demonstrate that fluid dynamically caused cycle-to-cycle flow variations can exist in piston-driven internal flows with separation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208068
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The higher plant nad5 mitochondrial gene: a conserved discontinuous transcription pattern (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 5 ; Trans-splicing ; Plant mitochondria ; nad5 expression ; nad5 expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The single copy nad5 gene has been identified in the mitochondrial genomes of cauliflower, chicory, potato, fennel, and common bean. In these five dicot species the same organization as in Oenothera, Arabidosis, wheat, and maize has been found for the gene: it consists of five exons organized into three independent groups. The first group comprises exons I and II, separated by a highly conserved group II intron, while the second group consists of exon III only. In the third group exons IV and V are separated by a group II intron of variable, species-specific, length. Transcription analysis of the nad5 gene in chicory and in cauliflower shows that the five exons are assembled as a mature mRNA through intermolecular interactions and multiple splicing events. Comparison of transcription in the gene with that of wheat and maize suggests that a common mechanism exists in higher plants for nad5 transcript processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351745
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of flow microcalorimetry to the study of dehydrofolate reductase activities in crude tissue homogenates (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 821-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: biochemical research ; enzymes ; flow microcalorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kalorimetrische Verfahren werden immer mehr zu wichtigen Hilfsmitteln in einigen Gebieten der biochemischen und in der biologischen Forschung. Es wird hier eine Wärmefluß-Mikrokalorimetermethode bei der Bestimmung der Aktivität von Dihydrofolatreduktase (DHFR) in Homogenaten bösartiger Gewebe bei Ratten und beim Menschen angewendet. Im Gegensatz zu anderen, allgemein benutzten DHFR-Bestimmungen, erlaubt die Empfindlichkeit der Wärmeflußmikrokalorimetrie direkte Messungen dieses Enzymes in Rohgewebepräparaten. Die experimentellen Daten von Rattengewebehomogenaten zeigen, daß die höchste Enzymaktivität in der Leber zu finden ist, während Lunge und Hirn geringere DHFR-Aktivitäten aufweisen. Das Leberenzym hat eine höhere Aktivität beipH 4,5, daspH-Optimum für die Enzyme in Lunge und Hirn liegt jedoch bei 6,8. Das Molverhältnis Substrat/Kofaktor für die höchste DHFR-Aktivität liegt für Leber- und Lungenenzyme bei 1/1,5 und bei 1/2,5 für Gehirn-DHFR. In diesen Rattengewebehomogenaten wurde DHFR durch KCl oder NaCl aktiviert: in Gegenwart dieser Salze (0.6-molar) liegt die Enzymaktivität um das anderthalb bis dreifache höher als normal. Unter Anwendung der Wärmeflußmikrokalorimetrie konnten auch in menschlichen Knochentumorhomogenaten sehr niedrige DHFR-Aktivitäten gemessen werden, was die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Methode in der Analyse dieser Enzyme in bösartigen Geweben demonstriert.
    Notes: Abstract Calorimetric methods are becoming important analytical tools in several areas of biochemical and biological research. In this work, a flow microcalorimetric method has been applied to the determination of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activities in rat and human malignant tissue homogenates. In contrast to other commonly used DHFR analytical assays, the sensitivity of flow microcalorimetry allows direct measurements of this enzyme in crude tissue preparations. Our experimental data from rat tissue homogenates show that liver has the highest level of enzyme activity, while lung and brain have lower amounts of DHFR activity. The liver enzyme has a higher activity atpH 4.5, but the optimumpH for the lung and brain enzymes is 6.8. The substrate/cofactor molar ratio which gives the highest levels of DHFR activity is 1/1.5 for the liver and lung enzymes and 1/2.5 for brain DHFR. The DHFR in these rat tissue homogenates is activated by KCl or NaCl: in the presence of these salts (0.6M), the values of enzyme activity are 1.5–3 times higher than in their absence. Using flow microcalorimetry, very low levels of DHFR activity were also measured in human bone tumour homogenates, demonstrating the potential of the technique in the analysis of this enzyme in malignant tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01979414
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The wheat mitochondrial genome contains an ORF showing sequence homology to the gene encoding the subunit 6 of the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 395-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: mitochondria ; nad6 ; NADH-ubiquinone reductase ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A region of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA of wheat was studied because of its homology with other plant mtDNAs. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 247 amino acids. Comparison of the sequence of the putative polypeptide with the protein sequence data of the Swiss-Prot library reveals homology with subunit 6 of the NADH-ubiquinone complex of mitochondria from Marchantia polymorpha, Podospora anserina, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and of chloroplasts from M. polymorpha and Oryza sativa. No similarity was detected when compared with the subunit 6 of animal mitochondria, probably due to the rapid evolution of the sequence. A single 1.2 kb transcript appears in northern RNA blots. We found 15 edited sites of which only 13 give amino acid changes. This is the first report of a mt nad6 gene in higher plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040599
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermochemical degradation of cork (1992)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 26 (1992), S. 259-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The thermochemical degradation of cork from Quercus suber L. was studied in the temperature range 150°C–450°C in relation to mass loss, chemical composition and the influence on the cellular structure. The degradation of cork is strongly dependent on temperature and mass losses become significant at 200°C (15% of initial dry weight) and increase rapidly for higher temperatures (27% at 250 °C, 49% at 300 °C, 62% at 350 °C) until ashing at 450 °C. The polysaccharides are the most heat sensitive components: at 200 °C, hemicelluloses disappear and cellulose is degraded to a considerable extent. Suberin is more resistant and degradation starts at approx. 250 °C; 300 °C-treated samples only contain 7% suberin. The cellular structure of cork is also significantly influenced by temperature. Upon heating, cells expand and the cell walls stretch, attaining at 250 °C a maximum cell volume increase corresponding to a factor of approximately 2. Above 300 °C, the structure of cell walls is considerably changed and show profound physical damage; in the later stages of pyrolysis, a cellular structure is no longer observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200161
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local solution of a mixed problem for a degenerated hyperbolic equation (1992)
    Springer
    Acta mathematica hungarica 60 (1992), S. 61-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2632
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051757
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