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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (283)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (283)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1990-1994  (283)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1992  (283)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (283)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (283)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of water vapor plasma-modified polyimide (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 2189-2202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To enhance polyimide-to-polyimide adhesion, we have investigated the effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface before subsequent layers of polyimide are applied results in dramatically enhanced interfacial adhesion. The polyimide-to-polyimide interfacial adhesion strength attained following water vapor plasma treatment exceeds the cohesive strength of the applied polyimide layer. The effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma on metal-to-polyimide adhesion has also been investigated. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface prior to metallization results in increased metal-to-polymer interfacial adhesion. A study of both electroless and vacuum-deposited metal was conducted. The use of contact-angle measurements, peel tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, nuclear forward scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has led us to a preliminary understanding of the resulting surface modification and the subsequent effect of adhesion promotion. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070461216
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper speciation by analytical electron spectroscopies: Case of the intercalation phase Cu0.5V2O5 · 0.5H2O (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Octahedral-Cu(II) and Cu(I) species have been found on the surface of the intercalation phase Cu0.5V2O5 · 0.5H2O by XPS and x-ray-excited Auger Electron Spectroscopy (XAES). The reduced species appears more abundant in the surface region, as indicated by variable-angle XPS measurements. Reduction or dehydration of the substance preserve its qualitative composition, confirming Cu speciation and showing that water is not Cu-bonded. Vanadium chemistry is in good agreement with results obtained on copper speciation, which consider an intermediate electronic strucure between VO2 and V2O5 for the intercalation phase.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740190195
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of polyolefin oxidation in aqueous media (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1693-1703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oxidation ; polyolefins ; polyethylene ; degradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal oxidation, at 75-92°C, of antioxidant-free low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is faster in most aqueous environments than in air. The accelerative environments include water, solutions of sodium salts, and a basic buffer. However, an acidic buffer retards oxidation. Transition metal salts are not examined here since their catalytic effect is wellknown. The acceleration is predominantly a surface phenomenon, and so is most obvious in thin polymer films. For antioxidant-containing polyolefins, complications arise because of the possibility of extraction of stabilizers, but the trend in oxidative lifetime is similar to that of the antioxidant-free specimens, and the antioxidants are observed to react chemically during the aging process. For example, a commercial crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) shows a reduction in thermo-oxidative lifetime of at least a factor of two in aqueous environments compared to air. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) show similar behavior, but the magnitude of the effect of aqueous environments is less. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of nucleophilic attack by peroxy anions on hydroperoxides.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300822
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulation of poly(spiropyran-L-glutamate): Influence of chromophore isomerization (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 1129-1140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the influence of the spiropyran to merocyanine ring opening on a model of poly(spiropyran-L-glutamate) as implied by the experimental data (T. M. Cooper, K. A. Obermeier, L. V. Natarajan, and R. L. Crane (1992) Photochemistry and Photobiology, 55, 1-7) is presented. The individual chromophore is studied by the AM1 semiempirical approach, while molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations are employed in the analysis of the poly(spiropyran-L-glutamate) model. It is shown that the α-helical secondary structure is less conserved in the polypeptide substituted with the merocyanine form of the chromophore. In particular, larger side-chain flexibility, increased backbone hydrogen-bond lengths, as well as a larger helix bending are calculated. Furthermore, a random conformational minimization calculation finds the intrinsic behavior of the spiropyran molecular system as being more of a helix “maker” than its merocyanine analogue. The interactions of the chromophore substituent with other side chains prove, in part, that an early event in the decay of the α-helical structure is the formation of hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic acid groups and the merocyanine oxygens. The results lend support to the experimental observation that the merocyanine group destabilizes the α-helical framework of the polypeptide, thus possibly allowing the entry of solvent molecules into the α-helical core, while spiropyran in its closed form shields it from the solvent. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360320902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxygen on vinyl acetate polymerization (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1537-1544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various conflicting reports in the literature regarding the effect of oxygen on the stability of vinyl acetate (VA) toward polymerization led us to reexamine this topic using both isothermal stability tests and quasi-adiabatic calorimetry. Both commercial VA stabilized with 5-20 ppm by weight of hydroquinone (HQ) and purified, unstabilized VA exhibit lower stability to thermally initiated polymerization (at 50-120°C) in the presence of oxygen than in its absence. However, when stabilized with 3-5 ppm of HQ, both air-saturated and oxygen-free VA exhibit adequate thermal stability at normal transport and storage temperatures (25-50°C). Oxygen destabilization of VA is probably caused by the relatively low stability of VA polyperoxide rather than by the oxidation of acetaldehyde impurity to peroxyacetic acid. The length of VA polymerization induction periods is about -0.4 order in oxygen partial pressure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450905
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface behavior of blends of siloxane and siloxane-containing copolymers in poly(vinyl chloride) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 2075-2078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to reveal surface/bulk compositional relationships in blends of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS/polycarbonate block copolymers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). It is shown that the surface of PVC can be enriched in siloxane up to 60 at. % PDMS without visible indications of phase separation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) composite films. Effect of processing conditions on morphology and properties (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 2037-2042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Formulations containing 4 parts cornstrach, 5 parts poly(ethylene-co-acrylic) (EAA), 1 part urea, and 1.6 parts of either water or aqueous ammonia were extruded at either 110-120°C or 150-160°C; and the resulting extrudates were then extrusion-blown into films. Complex formation between EAA and starch was measured by either X-ray diffraction or by solvent extraction of uncomplexed EAA. Although the processing temperature had only a minor effect on the amount of EAA complexed by starch, use of aqueous ammonia rather than water in these formulations increased the amount of complexed EAA by about a factor of 2. In films prepared with aqueous ammonia, the polysaccharide phase was present as submicron-sized domains. When ammonia was omitted from these formulations, the polysaccharide phase was less uniform in size and contained particles that were over an order of magnitude larger than those observed with ammonia.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070441119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystalline siloxanes containing spiropyran chromophores as reversible optical data storage materials (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 1 (1992), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; Spiropyran ; Holographic grating ; Optical data storage ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The application of liquid crystalline siloxanes consisting of pentamethylhydrocyclosiloxane cores with attached cholesteryl-, biphenyl- and photochromic spiropyran-based mesogens as reversible optical data storage materials is demonstrated by grating formation with an argon ion laser beam operating in the UV and visible regions. Erasure of the gratings with heat or visible radiation was possible.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860010606
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of annealing on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of para-tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate-based polyurethanes (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 305-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyurethane elastomers based on the para-Tetramethyl Xylene diisocyanate group were annealed at temperatures from 100 to 180°C. These high-temperature exposures were found to raise significantly the peak melting point of the urethanes that contained crystalline hard segments. The corresponding enthalpy of fusion was found to decrease after annealing at the higher temperatures. In most cases, the annealings caused a slight increase in the soft-segment glass transition temperature, indicating that some increase in phase mixing had occured. Dynamic mechanical measurements indicated that the annealings caused a slight reduction in the Young's modulus and a broadening of the loss-tangent peak. The broadening of the loss-tangent peak can be attributed to the increased phase mixing induced by the annealings. The large increases in melting point induced by annealing do not appear to significantly affect the subsequent dynamic mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440215
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional dependence of calcium phosphate layer formation in fluoride bioglasses® (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 26 (1992), S. 1147-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Bioglasses® form a double layer composed of apatite and a silica-rich layer when placed in a simulated physiological solution as well as in living tissue [A. E. Clark, C.G. Pantano, and L. L. Hench, „Auger spectroscopic analysis of bioglass corrosion films,“ J. Am. Ceram. SOC., 59(1-2), 37-39 (1976).]. In the present work, the mechanisms of the calcium phosphate layer and the silica-rich layer formation of fluoride Bioglassesm i n Tris-buffer solution are studied as a function of the SiOz content. Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy (FTIRS) is used to investigate the mechanism of formation of calcium phosphate and silica-rich layers on the glass surface. Ion concentration in reacted solution and elemental depth profiles are obtained by Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP) and Auger Elect on Spectroscopy (AES), respectGely. Si—O bonds with one nonbridging oxygen and Si—O—Si bonds form at the early stage of reaction. Strong phosphorus ion uptake occurs when an amorphous calcium phosphate layer crystallizes. Glasses with high silica content (conventional glass) form the silica-rich layer first followed by a calcium phosphate layer on top. However, glasses with low silica content (invert glass) form both layers simultaneously. The rate of apatite formation decreases with increasing SiOz content, especially in the region of conventional glass compositions. Ion release rates decreases as Si02 content increases, with a significant change occurring at the compositional boundary between invert and conventional glasses. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820260905
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