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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (473)
  • 1990-1994  (473)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1992  (473)
  • 1
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    A Transient Radio Source near the Center of the Milky Way Galaxy (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-20
    Description: In late December 1990, a new radio source appeared near the center of our galaxy rivaling the intensity of Sgr A(*) (the compact radio source at the galactic center). Following its first detection, the flux density of the galactic center transient (GCT) increased rapidly to a maximum 1 month later, and then declined gradually with a time scale of about 3 months. Surprisingly, the GCT maintained a steep radio spectrum during both its rising and decay phases. The neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption shows similar absorption to that in front of Sgr A(*); this indicates that the GCT lies near the galactic center. Furthermore, both HI and OH observations show an additional deep absorption at +20 kilometers per second with respect to the local standard of rest. Thus, the GCT is either embedded in or located behind a molecular cloud moving with that velocity. The cloud can be seen on infrared images. Its opacity is shown to be inadequate to conceal a supernova near the galactic center. It is argued that the GCT was probably transient radio emission from synchrotron-radiating plasma associated with an x-ray binary system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, J H -- Roberts, D A -- Goss, W M -- Frail, D A -- Lo, K Y -- Subrahmanyan, R -- Kesteven, M J -- Ekers, R D -- Allen, D A -- Burton, M G -- Spyromilio, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 20;255(5051):1538-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17820165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Mutations in the rod domains of keratins 1 and 10 in epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-21
    Description: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a hereditary skin disorder characterized by blistering and a marked thickening of the stratum corneum. In one family, affected individuals exhibited a mutation in the highly conserved carboxyl terminal of the rod domain of keratin 1. In two other families, affected individuals had mutations in the highly conserved amino terminal of the rod domain of keratin 10. Structural analysis of these mutations predicts that heterodimer formation would be unaffected, although filament assembly and elongation would be severely compromised. These data imply that an intact keratin intermediate filament network is required for the maintenance of both cellular and tissue integrity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothnagel, J A -- Dominey, A M -- Dempsey, L D -- Longley, M A -- Greenhalgh, D A -- Gagne, T A -- Huber, M -- Frenk, E -- Hohl, D -- Roop, D R -- HD25479/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 21;257(5073):1128-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1380725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA/chemistry ; Humans ; Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital/*genetics ; Keratins/chemistry/*genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Conformation
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  • 3
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    State-to-State Rates for the D + H2(v = 1, j = 1) rarr HD(v', j') + H Reaction: Predictions and Measurements (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-24
    Description: A fully quantal wavepacket approach to reactive scattering in which the best available H(3) potential energy surface was used enabled a comparison with experimentally determined rates for the D + H(2)(v = 1, j = 1) --〉 HD(v' = 0, 1, 2; j') + H reaction at significantly higher total energies (1.4 to 2.25 electron volts) than previously possible. The theoretical results are obtained over a sufficient range of conditions that a detailed simulation of the experiment was possible, thus making this a definitive comparison of experiment and theory. Good to excellent agreement is found for the vibrational branching ratios and for the rotational distributions within each product vibrational level. However, the calculated rotational distributions are slightly hotter than the experimentally measured ones. This small discrepancy is more marked for products for which a larger fraction of the total energy appears in translation. The most likely explanation for this behavior is that refinements are needed in the potential energy surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neuhauser, D -- Judson, R S -- Kouri, D J -- Adelman, D E -- Shafer, N E -- Kliner, D A -- Zare, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):519-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
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    Energetic Charged-Particle Phenomena in the Jovian Magnetosphere: First Results from the Ulysses COSPIN Collaboration (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: The Ulysses spacecraft made the first exploration of the region of Jupiter's magnetosphere at high Jovigraphic latitudes ( approximately 37 degrees south) on the dusk side and reached higher magnetic latitudes ( approximately 49 degrees north) on the day side than any previous mission to Jupiter. The cosmic and solar particle investigations (COSPIN) instrumentation achieved a remarkably well integrated set of observations of energetic charged particles in the energy ranges of approximately 1 to 170 megaelectron volts for electrons and 0.3 to 20 megaelectron volts for protons and heavier nuclei. The new findings include (i) an apparent polar cap region in the northern hemisphere in which energetic charged particles following Jovian magnetic field lines may have direct access to the interplanetary medium, (ii) high-energy electron bursts (rise times 〈/= 1 minute and energies extending to 〉 approximately 17 megaelectron volts) on the dusk side that are apparently associated with field-aligned currents and radio burst emissions, (iii) persistence of the global 10-hour relativistic electron "clock" phenomenon throughout Jupiter's magnetosphere, (iv) on the basis of charged-particle measurements, apparent dragging of magnetic field lines at large radii in the dusk sector toward the tail, and (v) consistent outflow of megaelectron volt electrons and large-scale departures from corotation for nucleons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, J A -- Anglin, J D -- Balogh, A -- Burrows, J R -- Cowley, S W -- Ferrando, P -- Heber, B -- Hynds, R J -- Kunow, H -- Marsden, R G -- McKibben, R B -- Muller-Mellin, R -- Page, D E -- Raviart, A -- Sanderson, T R -- Staines, K -- Wenzel, K P -- Wilson, M D -- Zhang, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1543-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 5
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    Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-30
    Description: Comparative genomic hybridization produces a map of DNA sequence copy number as a function of chromosomal location throughout the entire genome. Differentially labeled test DNA and normal reference DNA are hybridized simultaneously to normal chromosome spreads. The hybridization is detected with two different fluorochromes. Regions of gain or loss of DNA sequences, such as deletions, duplications, or amplifications, are seen as changes in the ratio of the intensities of the two fluorochromes along the target chromosomes. Analysis of tumor cell lines and primary bladder tumors identified 16 different regions of amplification, many in loci not previously known to be amplified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kallioniemi, A -- Kallioniemi, O P -- Sudar, D -- Rutovitz, D -- Gray, J W -- Waldman, F -- Pinkel, D -- CA 44768/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 45919/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 47537/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 30;258(5083):818-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; DNA Probes ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Female ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oncogenes ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Rhodamines ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 6
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    Potentially amyloidogenic, carboxyl-terminal derivatives of the amyloid protein precursor (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-07
    Description: The 39- to 43-amino acid amyloid beta protein (beta AP), which is deposited as amyloid in Alzheimer's disease, is encoded as an internal peptide that begins 99 residues from the carboxyl terminus of a 695- to 770-amino acid glycoprotein referred to as the amyloid beta protein precursor (beta APP). To clarify the processing that produces amyloid, carboxyl-terminal derivatives of the beta APP were analyzed. This analysis showed that the beta APP is normally processed into a complex set of 8- to 12-kilodalton carboxyl-terminal derivatives. The two largest derivatives in human brain have the entire beta AP at or near their amino terminus and are likely to be intermediates in the pathway leading to amyloid deposition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Estus, S -- Golde, T E -- Kunishita, T -- Blades, D -- Lowery, D -- Eisen, M -- Usiak, M -- Qu, X M -- Tabira, T -- Greenberg, B D -- AG06656/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG08012/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG08992/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):726-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuropathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1738846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/*biosynthesis ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Cerebral Cortex/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Molecular Weight ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 7
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    Electron photodetachment cross sections of small carbon clusters: evidence for nonlinear isomers (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: Absolute cross sections for photodetachment of negative carbon clusters are reported for Cn (n = 3, ..., 8). The results indicate that various neutral isomers exist, some with electron affinities as low as 1 electron volt. The method of production plays an important role in the characteristics of carbon clusters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zajfman, D -- Feldman, H -- Heber, O -- Kella, D -- Majer, D -- Vager, Z -- Naaman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1129-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17789083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Innovative materials processing strategies: a biomimetic approach (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-28
    Description: Many organisms construct structural ceramic (biomineral) composites from seemingly mundane materials; cell-mediated processes control both the nucleation and growth of mineral and the development of composite microarchitecture. Living systems fabricate biocomposites by: (i) confining biomineralization within specific subunit compartments; (ii) producing a specific mineral with defined crystal size and orientation; and (iii) packaging many incremental units together in a moving front process to form fully densified, macroscopic structures. By adapting biological principles, materials scientists are attempting to produce novel materials. To date, neither the elegance of the biomineral assembly mechanisms nor the intricate composite microarchitectures have been duplicated by nonbiological processing. However, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of how biomineralization occurs, and the first steps are now being taken to exploit the basic principles involved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heuer, A H -- Fink, D J -- Laraia, V J -- Arias, J L -- Calvert, P D -- Kendall, K -- Messing, G L -- Blackwell, J -- Rieke, P C -- Thompson, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 28;255(5048):1098-105.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Matrix ; Calcification, Physiologic ; *Ceramics ; Chickens ; Crystallography
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  • 9
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    Macroscopic quantum effects in nanometer-scale magnets (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-16
    Description: Quantum tunneling, the passage of a microscopic system from one state to another by way of a classically forbidden path, is theoretically possible in the macroscopic world. One can now make direct observations of such macroscopic quantum tunneling in very small magnetic structures. This is possible because of significant advances both in the ability to obtain magnetic systems of almost any desirable size, shape, and composition and in the development of superconducting instrumentation for the detection of extremely weak magnetic signals. As an example, measurements on magnetic horse spleen ferritin proteins with the predictions of quantum tunneling theory are discussed and shown.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Awschalom, D D -- Divincenzo, D P -- Smyth, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 16;258(5081):414-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17833136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    Extraction and STM Imaging of Spherical Giant Fullerenes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-13
    Description: High-temperature, high-pressure extracts of soot produced by the Kratschmer-Huffman technique (KH carbon) were characterized by mass spectrometry and imaging with scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs). The mass spectra of these samples are similar to those of ambient-pressure, high-boiling-point solvent extractions, supporting the idea that solvent temperature and possibly pressure are key parameters in extraction of the giant fuilerenes. The STM images show that the giant fullerenes in these samples are roughly spherical in shape and range in diameter from approximately 1 to 2 nanometers, corresponding to fullerenes containing 60 to 330 atoms. No evidence of bucky tubes was found.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamb, L D -- Huffman, D R -- Workman, R K -- Howells, S -- Chen, T -- Sarid, D -- Ziolo, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 13;255(5050):1413-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17801230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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