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  • Springer  (121)
  • Oxford University Press  (11)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (9)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (141)
  • 1992  (141)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous and environmental factors influence 35S promoter methylation of a maize A1 gene construct in transgenic petunia and its colour phenotype (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 231 (1992), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: A1 gene ; Petunia hybrida ; field experiment ; DNA methylation ; Environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 30000 transgenic petunia plants carrying a single copy of the maize A1 gene, encoding a dihydroflavonol reductase, which confers a salmon red flower colour phenotype on the petunia plant, were grown in a field test. During the growing season plants with flowers deviating from this salmon red colour, such as those showing white or variegated phenotypes and plants with flowers exhibiting only weak pigmentation were observed with varying frequencies. While four white flowering plants were shown at the molecular level to be mutants in which part of the A1 gene had been deleted, other white flowering plants, as well as 13 representative plants tested out of a total of 57 variegated individuals were not mutants but rather showed hypermethylation of the 35S promoter directing A1 gene expression. This was in contrast to the homogeneous fully red flowering plants in which no methylation of the 35S promoter was observed. While blossoms on plants flowering early in the season were predominantly red, later flowers on the same plants showed weaker coloration. Once again the reduction of the A1-specific phenotype correlated with the methylation of the 35S promoter. This variation in coloration seems to be dependent not only on exogenous but also on endogenous factors such as the age of the parental plant from which the seed was derived or the time at which crosses were made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292701
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beneficial changes in random variables under multiple sources of risk and their comparative statics (1992)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 7-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: Risk ; Insurance Demand ; Deterministic Transformations ; Stochastic Dominance ; Expected Utility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The consequences of a change in a random parameter are determined for a decision model with more than one source of randomness. The two cases of independent and stochastically dependent sources of risk are discussed. Four comparative static theorems are given. These state the effect of first degree stochastically dominant shifts or risk decreases for one random variable while the other random variable is held fixed. Deterministic transformations are used to represent random parameter changes. The results are presented in the context of the coinsurance demand model with a risky insurable asset and background risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941954
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation ofCandida blankii in simulated bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1992), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Candida blankii ; Biomass ; d-Xylose ; l-Arabinose ; Acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary All fourCandida blankii isolates evaluated for growth in simulated bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate utilized the sugars and acetic acid completely. The utilization ofd-xylose,l-arabinose and acetic acid were delayed by the presence ofd-glucose, but after glucose depletion the other carbon sources were utilized simultaneously. The maximum specific growth rate of 0.36 h−1 and cell yield of 0.47 g cells/g carbon source assimilate compared with published results obtained withC. utilis. C. blankii appeared superior toC. utilis for biomass production from hemicellulose hydrolysate in that it utilizedl-arabinose and was capable of growth at higher temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569741
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1992)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 14 (1992), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720356
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A structural study of sodium dithionite and its ephemeral dihydrate: A new conformation for the dithionite ion (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 22 (1992), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Raman spectroscopy on solid anhydrous sodium dithionite reveals that it exists in at least two forms in the solid state. MAS23Na NMR spectra and X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the solids indicate that sodium ions are in different environments in each form of the material. The results suggest that the dithionite anion is conformationally different in each lattice. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the recrystallized form of anhydrous sodium dithionite reveals an anion with C2 geometry and a 16° O-S-S-O torsional angle; nearly eclipsed. (Crystal Data for recrystallized Na2S2O4 area=6.539(1) Å,b=6.552(1) Å,c=6.578(1) Å,V=240.0(1) Å3,β=121.61(1)°, space group=P2/c,Z=2). Raman spectra of sodium dithionite dihydrate reveal that the dithionite ion is in a different conformation than in either of the anhydrous materials. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of Na2S2O4·2H2O reveals a dithionite anion with a substantially shorter S-S bond length than in the anhydrous structure and an O-S-S-O torsional angle of 56°; approximately gauche. (Crystal Data for Na2S2O4·2H2O area=8.134(1) Å,b=5.756(2) Å,c=14.528(5) Å,V=653.3(3) Å3,β=106.20(2)°, space group=P21/n,Z=4). The structure of the dithionite anion is found to depend critically upon the nature of its external environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01199531
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal algorithms for total exchange without buffering on the hypercube (1992)
    Springer
    BIT 32 (1992), S. 559-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: F.2.2 ; G.2.2 ; hypercube ; total exchange ; optimal algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Two methods are given for constructing total exchange algorithms for hypercubic processor networks. This is done by means of bit sequences with special properties. The algorithms are optimal with respect to a given time model, need no intermediate message buffering and are local in the sense that every processor executes basically the same program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01994840
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deprotonation and protonation of hydroxyphenanthroperylenes (1992)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 123 (1992), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Hypericin ; Pseudohypericin ; Hydroxyphenanthroperylenes ; Protonation ; Deprotonation ; Spectrophotometric Titration ; Ground state ; Excited state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Deprotonierungs- und Protonierungs-pK a-Werte im Grundzustand und im angeregten Zustand von Hydroxyanthrachinonen, Hydroxyanthronen, Hydroxyphenanthroperylenen und den natürlichen Pigmenten Hypericin und Pseudohypericin wurde durch spektrophotometrische Titrationen und Förster-Zyklus-Rechnungen bestimmt. Bei den Hydroxyanthrachinonen und Hydroxyanthronen wurde auf Grund der Umkehr von Acidität und Basizität der Hydroxy- und Carbonylgruppen im angeregten Zustand auf einen starken intramolekularen Protonentransfer im angeregten Zustand geschlossen. Bei den Hydroxyphenanthroperylenen und den natürlichen Pigmenten bleiben die Aciditäts- und Basizitätsverhältnisse der beiden funktionellen Gruppen jedoch unverändert. Aus dem Vergleich derpK a-Werte geeigneter Modellverbindungen mit Hypericin und Pseudohypericin wurde auf eine Deprotonierung der Hydroxylgruppe in Position 3 bzw. 4 geschlossen.
    Notes: Summary Ground and excited state deprotonation and protonationpK a values of hydroxyanthraquinones, hydroxyanthrones, hydroxyphenanthroperylenes, and the natural pigments hypericin and pseudohypericin were determined by means of spectrophotometric titrations and Förster cycle calculations. It was concluded that there is a strong intramolecular excited state proton transfer in the hydroxyanthraquinones and hydroxyanthrones due to a reversion of acidity and basicity of the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in the excited state. However, in the hydroxyphenanthroperylene and the natural pigment excited states the order of basicity and acidity of these two functional groups remain unchanged. The site of deprotonation in hypericin and pseudohypericin was deduced by comparison between thepK a values of suited model compounds and these pigments to be the hydroxyl group in position 3 or 4, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00810476
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chirality due to deuterium substitution: synthesis and circular dichroism of (+)(R) p -2,7-dideuterio-1,6-methano[10]annulene (1992)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 123 (1992), S. 465-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Enantioselective chromatography ; Planar chirality ; Circular dichroism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Titelverbindung wurde aus (−)(S) p -2,7-Dibrom-1,6-methano[10]annulen durch Umsetzung mitn-Bu-Li und nachfolgende Reaktion mit D2O dargestellt. Optische Rotationen bei vier Wellenlängen und das Circulardichroismus-Spektrum wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: Summary The title compound was prepared from (−)(S) p -2,7-dibromo-1,6-methano[10]annulene by treatment withn-Bu-Li and subsequent quenching with D2O. The optical rotations at four wavelengths and the circular dichroism spectrum are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00817603
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrazinium ion coordinating trivalent rhenium in (NH4)0.5 (H2O)0.5[Re3Cl10(N2H5)Cl0.5(H2O)0.5] · 3H2O (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 466-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01139199
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunable sub-100 femtosecond dye-laser pulses generated with a nanosecond pulsed pumping (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55.Mv ; 42.60.By
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Subpicosecond pulses at a fixed wavelength produced with a low-Q cavity dye laser pumped by a single, nanosecond laser (Q-switched Nd:YAG) are converted into tunable high-power sub-100 femtosecond pulses by generation, spectral selection, amplification and compression of a supercontinuum. The tunable, chirped, high-energy pulses obtained are compressed with a prism pair. Energies up to 50 μJ in sub-100 fs pulses were obtained in the 540 to 650 nm range using 40 mJ of the Nd: YAG-laser pumping pulses at 532 nm. The whole sub-100 fs system including the low-Q dye laser uses only one Nd:YAG laser as a pump source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325178
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