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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (73)
  • 2000-2004  (52)
  • 1990-1994  (21)
  • 1940-1944
  • 2003  (24)
  • 2001  (28)
  • 1992  (21)
  • 1
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    Closing of the nucleotide pocket of kinesin-family motors upon binding to microtubules (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: We have used adenosine diphosphate analogs containing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin moieties and EPR spectroscopy to show that the nucleotide-binding site of kinesin-family motors closes when the motor.diphosphate complex binds to microtubules. Structural analyses demonstrate that a domain movement in the switch 1 region at the nucleotide site, homologous to domain movements in the switch 1 region in the G proteins [heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins], explains the EPR data. The switch movement primes the motor both for the free energy-yielding nucleotide hydrolysis reaction and for subsequent conformational changes that are crucial for the generation of force and directed motion along the microtubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naber, Nariman -- Minehardt, Todd J -- Rice, Sarah -- Chen, Xiaoru -- Grammer, Jean -- Matuska, Marija -- Vale, Ronald D -- Kollman, Peter A -- Car, Roberto -- Yount, Ralph G -- Cooke, Roger -- Pate, Edward -- AR39643/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DK05915/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR1081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. naber@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Probes/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Spin Labels
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    From tides to mixing along the Hawaiian ridge (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: The cascade from tides to turbulence has been hypothesized to serve as a major energy pathway for ocean mixing. We investigated this cascade along the Hawaiian Ridge using observations and numerical models. A divergence of internal tidal energy flux observed at the ridge agrees with the predictions of internal tide models. Large internal tidal waves with peak-to-peak amplitudes of up to 300 meters occur on the ridge. Internal-wave energy is enhanced, and turbulent dissipation in the region near the ridge is 10 times larger than open-ocean values. Given these major elements in the tides-to-turbulence cascade, an energy budget approaches closure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rudnick, Daniel L -- Boyd, Timothy J -- Brainard, Russell E -- Carter, Glenn S -- Egbert, Gary D -- Gregg, Michael C -- Holloway, Peter E -- Klymak, Jody M -- Kunze, Eric -- Lee, Craig M -- Levine, Murray D -- Luther, Douglas S -- Martin, Joseph P -- Merrifield, Mark A -- Moum, James N -- Nash, Jonathan D -- Pinkel, Robert -- Rainville, Luc -- Sanford, Thomas B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):355-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0213, USA. drudnick@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The evolution of climate over the last millennium (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Knowledge of past climate variability is crucial for understanding and modeling current and future climate trends. This article reviews present knowledge of changes in temperatures and two major circulation features-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-over much of the last 1000 years, mainly on the basis of high-resolution paleoclimate records. Average temperatures during the last three decades were likely the warmest of the last millennium, about 0.2 degrees C warmer than during warm periods in the 11th and 12th centuries. The 20th century experienced the strongest warming trend of the millennium (about 0.6 degrees C per century). Some recent changes in ENSO may have been unique since 1800, whereas the recent trend to more positive NAO values may have occurred several times since 1500. Uncertainties will only be reduced through more extensive spatial sampling of diverse proxy climatic records.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, P D -- Osborn, T J -- Briffa, K R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):662-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. p.jones@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; Cnidaria ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice ; Temperature ; Time ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Expectation and dopamine release: mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: The power of placebos has long been recognized for improving numerous medical conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Little is known, however, about the mechanism underlying the placebo effect. Using the ability of endogenous dopamine to compete for [11C]raclopride binding as measured by positron emission tomography, we provide in vivo evidence for substantial release of endogenous dopamine in the striatum of PD patients in response to placebo. Our findings indicate that the placebo effect in PD is powerful and is mediated through activation of the damaged nigrostriatal dopamine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de la Fuente-Fernandez, R -- Ruth, T J -- Sossi, V -- Schulzer, M -- Calne, D B -- Stoessl, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurodegenerative Disorders Centre, TRIUMF, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Apomorphine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/administration & dosage ; Raclopride/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Immunology. Long live the mature B cell--a baffling mystery resolved (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: What determines whether transitional B cells newly emerged from the bone marrow will differentiate further to become mature, long-lived, circulating B lymphocytes? In a Perspective, Waldschmidt and Noelle discuss new findings showing that the TNF family ligand BAFF and its receptor BAFF-R are crucial for selecting transitional B cells into the mature B cell pool (Thompson et al., Schiemann et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldschmidt, T J -- Noelle, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2012-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/*physiology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Survival ; Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Bacterial recognition of mineral surfaces: nanoscale interactions between Shewanella and alpha-FeOOH (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-19
    Description: Force microscopy has been used to quantitatively measure the infinitesimal forces that characterize interactions between Shewanella oneidensis (a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium) and goethite (alpha-FeOOH), both commonly found in Earth near-surface environments. Force measurements with subnanonewton resolution were made in real time with living cells under aerobic and anaerobic solutions as a function of the distance, in nanometers, between a cell and the mineral surface. Energy values [in attojoules (10(-18) joules)] derived from these measurements show that the affinity between S. oneidensis and goethite rapidly increases by two to five times under anaerobic conditions in which electron transfer from bacterium to mineral is expected. Specific signatures in the force curves suggest that a 150-kilodalton putative iron reductase is mobilized within the outer membrane of S. oneidensis and specifically interacts with the goethite surface to facilitate the electron transfer process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lower, S K -- Hochella, M F Jr -- Beveridge, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NanoGeoscience and Technology Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. slower@vt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11359008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; *Bacterial Adhesion ; Electron Transport ; *FMN Reductase ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/*microbiology ; Iron Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Minerals ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Shewanella/enzymology/*metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Application of the Marcus cross relation to hydrogen atom transfer reactions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: The transfer of a hydrogen atom-a proton and an electron-is a fundamental process in chemistry and biology. A variety of hydrogen atom transfer reactions, involving iron complexes, phenols, hydroxylamines, tBuOOH, toluene, and related radicals, are shown to follow the Marcus cross relation. Thus, the Marcus theory formalism based on ground-state energetics and self-exchange rates, originally developed for electron transfer processes, is also valuable for hydrogen atom transfer. Compounds that undergo slow proton transfer (C-H bonds) or slow electron transfer (cobalt complexes) also undergo slow hydrogen atom transfer. Limitations of this approach are also discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, J P -- Yoder, J C -- Won, T J -- Mayer, J M -- 1 F32 GM63383-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 2 R01 GM50422-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2524-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; Cobalt/chemistry ; Cyclic N-Oxides/chemistry ; Electrons ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry ; Ferrous Compounds/chemistry ; Free Radicals ; Hydrogen/*chemistry ; Imidazoles/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mathematics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protons ; Pyrimidines/chemistry ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Health care policy. U.S. priorities-HIV prevention (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: One of the scientific anomalies of the AIDS epidemic is the large difference in infection rates across populations. Given limited resources and segregated epidemics, prevention funding should be directed to population segments with high HIV prevalence and incidence. However, recent surveys of U.S. populations indicate that the allocation of prevention dollars is not consistent with the distribution of HIV in the population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catania, J A -- Morin, S F -- Canchola, J -- Pollack, L -- Chang, J -- Coates, T J -- MH42459/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH43892/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH51523/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, AIDS Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. jcatania@psg.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/economics/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Health Expenditures ; *Health Policy ; Health Priorities ; Health Resources ; *Heterosexuality/statistics & numerical data ; *Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Preventive Health Services/*economics ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Cause of seal die-off in 1988 is still under debate (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity ; Immune System/drug effects ; Morbillivirus Infections/epidemiology/etiology/mortality/*veterinary ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*toxicity ; *Seals, Earless/immunology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Gene duplication and evolution (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, L -- Gaut, B S -- Vision, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1551.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11550701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Duplicate ; Genome ; Humans ; Models, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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