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  • Springer  (159)
  • American Physical Society  (28)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (15)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (202)
  • 1993  (106)
  • 1992  (96)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological and evolutionary implications of digestive processes: Bird preferences and the sugar constituents of floral nectar and fruit pulp (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 544-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Bird feeding preferences ; digestion ; intestinal enzymes ; sucrase ; fruit ; nectar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plants pollinated and dispersed by different groups of birds offer different kinds of sugars in nectar and fruit pulp. The preferences and physiological traits of avian pollinators and seed dispersers are broadly correlated with the sugar composition of the nectar and fruit that they feed on and appear to have influenced the evolution of the sugar composition of the rewards that plants offer. Hummingbirds prefer sucrose whereas many nectar- and fruit-eating passerines prefer glucose and fructose. Preference for hexoses in passerines seems to be associated with poor sucrose assimilation resulting from two physiological mechanisms: lack of intestinal sucrase activity and fast passage rates. Sucrase activity absence appears to be restricted to a single phylogenetic group (the sturnid-muscicapid lineage). Fast passage rates seem to be characteristic of many small frugivores and to hinder the assimilation of complex nutrients that require hydrolysis before absorption. Hummingbirds have extremely specialized digestive traits that allow them to assimilate sucrose at high rates and with extremely high efficiency. These specialized digestive traits appear not to be present in many nectar-feeding passerines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920237
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  • 2
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    Ecological and evolutionary implications of digestive processes: Bird preferences and the sugar constituents of floral nectar and fruit pulp (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiproton-proton annihilation at rest into two-body final states (1993)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 58 (1993), S. 175-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report measurements of branching ratios for production of a series of two meson final states in $$\bar p$$ p annihilations at rest in liquid hydrogen. We find: $$\begin{gathered} BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^ + \pi ^ - ) = (3.07 \pm 0.13) \cdot 10^{ - 3} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to K^ + K^ - ) = (0.99 \pm 0.05) \cdot 10^{ - 3} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \pi ^0 ) = (6.93 \pm 0.43) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \eta ) = (2.12 \pm 0.12) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \omega ) = (5.73 \pm 0.47) \cdot 10^{ - 3} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \eta ') = (1.23 \pm 0.13) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \eta \eta ) = (1.64 \pm 0.10) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \eta \omega ) = (1.51 \pm 0.12) \cdot 10^{ - 2} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \eta \eta ') = (2.16 \pm 0.25) \cdot 10^{ - 4} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \omega \omega ) = (3.32 \pm 0.34) \cdot 10^{ - 2} \hfill \\ BR(\bar pp \to \omega \eta ') = (0.78 \pm 0.08) \cdot 10^{ - 2} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ These are the first measurements of the channels ηη′ and ωη′ and in almost all the other channels are more precise than previous results. We also obtain, in a more precise fashion, the following ratios of branching ratios:K + K −/π+π−=0.323±0.013, π0η′/π0η=0.548±0.056, ηη′/ηη=0.31±0.15, ωη′/ωη=0.515±0.040, π0η/π0π0=0.303±0.010, ηη/π0π0=0.232±0.011 and π0ω/ηω=0.377±0.12. The measurements are made for different η and η′ decays, and we thus obtain Γη→3π 0/Γη→γγ=0.841±0.034, and $$\Gamma _{\eta ' \to \gamma \gamma } /\Gamma _{\eta ' \to \pi ^0 \pi ^0 \eta } = 0.091 \pm 0.009$$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01560336
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erbium fibre amplifiers and lasers (1992)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 24 (1992), S. 517-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Erbium-doped fibre amplifiers and lasers have been the subject of intense research and development over the last five years. It is hoped that this review will serve as an introduction to the main device concepts and make accessible the rapidly expanding body of literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619752
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the response to sex pheromone in the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) following successive pheromonal exposures (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 347-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oriental fruit moth ; Grapholita molesta ; sex pheromone ; habituation ; spontaneous recovery ; aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of prior pheromonal experience upon the pheromone- mediated upwind flight response was examined in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Adult male G. molestawere subjected to a parallel series of staggered and repeated pheromonal exposures in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Levels of response to pheromone in male G. molestasignificantly decreased in a (a) rectilinear function with increased ages of individuals, (b) logarithmic function of successive trials, and (c) steeper logarithmic function of successive trials with increased dosage of sex pheromone. The baseline levels of responding were not affected by either the (a) dosage of sex pheromone, (b) posteclosion ages of individuals for their initial exposures once the main effect of age itself was estimated, (c) elapsed time in hours between trials, or (d) discrete days of testing as integral intervals, disregarding hours within days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049843
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MaleHeliothis virescens maintain upwind flight in response to experimentally pulsed filaments of their sex pheromone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 669-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera ; upwind flight ; sex pheromone ; filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aspects of the intermittent fine structure of an odor plume were mimicked and experimentally modified in the wind tunnel using an air-pulsing device. Filaments of a behaviorally active blend of six sex-pheromone components created by the device in a temporally regular fashion elicited sustained upwind flight and source location in male Heliothis virescens.Males did not exhibit sustained upwind flight in significant numbers until a frequency of 4 filaments/s was delivered, at a loading of 1 μg of the major component, Z11-16: Ald, with the other components loaded at their appropriate ratios. A loading of 10 μg Z11-16: Ald was found to be optimal at this filament delivery rate. Electroantennogram recordings to different filament delivery rates of the complete blend indicated that a stationary male antenna can respond to the pulse rates used in this study. Importantly, when a main component necessary for upwind flight, Z9-14:Ald, was isolated into its own filaments and pulsed alternately against filaments of the five other components (including the other component essential for upwind flight, Z11-16: Ald), upwind flight to the source was significantly reduced (9%) compared to upwind flight and source location in response to filaments composed of the entire blend (30%), indicating that the complete pheromone blend must arrive on the antenna simultaneously for optimal evocation of sustained upwind progress. Neurophysiological evidence from other studies suggests that higher-order interneurons whose phasic response is enhanced when the entire blend is presented simultaneously may be of importance in explaining this behavioral difference stemming from synchronous vsasynchronous arrival of the components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047979
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A problem identification taxonomy for classification and automated formulation of multiple objective linear programming models (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 38 (1992), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a knowledge-based Decision Support System (DSS) for classification, formulation and solution of multiple objective linear programming problems. The authors propose a generic taxonomy which is used to classify commonly encountered types of linear programming problems. Classification of the problem, vis-à-vis the proposed taxonomy, is based on the interaction with the user to determine the attributes which best describe the context or setting of the problem. A total of twenty-four problem types are included in the taxonomy. Following classification, a problem type-specific rule base is invoked to assist the user in constraint formulation. A product blending linear programming problem is used to demonstrate this component of the system since these types of problems typically include more varied constraints, including ratio as well as additive types. A second rule base is invoked for formulation of the multiple criteria objective function, model solution and sensitivity analysis. An initial goal prioritization scheme is obtained by use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process [17]; the optimal goal ordering is obtained by interaction with the user in the form of pairwise attribute value tradeoffs. The system developed is intended for use by the OR-naive user who is more familiar with the content of a problem than he/she is with the mathematical tools needed to formulate and solve such models. The system is a model management tool designed to interpret user inputs and translate those inputs into a solvable multiple objective LP. This interface alleviates the technical burdens of content specification and solution. The approach expands previous formulation tools, such as those based on natural language processing [8], to a broader range of problem types in a multiple criteria environment. The system was implemented on a personal computer using VP-Expert, BASIC and LINDO, and is demonstrated on a multiple objective blending problem. The ability of the approach to accurately classify LP problems was tested on thirty-six subjects. Results suggest that correct classification of problems was more likely to occur when the system was used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283649
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel continuous Runge-Kutta methods and vanishing lag delay differential equations (1993)
    Springer
    Advances in computational mathematics 1 (1993), S. 367-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Keywords: Delay differential equation ; parallel continuous explicit Runge-Kutta methods ; vanishing lag ; iterated continuous extensions ; primary 65Q05
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present an explicit Runge-Kutta scheme devised for the numerical solution ofdelay differential equations (DDEs) where a delayed argument lies in the current Runge-Kutta interval. This can occur when the lag is small relative to the stepsize, and the more obvious extensions of the explicit Runge-Kutta method produce implicit equations. It transpires that the scheme is suitable forparallel implementation for solving both ODEs and more general DDEs. We associate our method with a Runge-Kutta tableau, from which the order of the method can be determined. Stability will affect the usefulness of the scheme and we derive the stability equations of the scheme when applied to the constant-coefficient test DDEu′(t)=λu(t) +μu(t −τ), where the lagτ and the Runge-Kutta stepsizeH n ≡H are both constant. (The caseμ=0 is treated separately.) In the case thatμ ≠ 0, we consider the two distinct possibilities: (i)τ ≥H and (ii)τ〈H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On a functional equation of Aczél and Chung (1992)
    Springer
    Aequationes mathematicae 44 (1992), S. 122-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01834211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On a functional equation of Aczél and Chung (1993)
    Springer
    Aequationes mathematicae 46 (1993), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8903
    Keywords: Primary 39B30, 39B70 ; Secondary 46F99
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper is concerned mainly with the functional equation (1) $$\sum\limits_{\imath = 0}^m {F_\imath (\alpha _\imath ,x + \beta _i y)} = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {G_k (x)H_k (y)} $$ which is a generalization of the Levi-Civita equation (2) $$f(x + y) = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^N {g_k (x)h_k (y).} $$ For complex valued functions of a real variable, Aczél and Chung [1] have shown that (under certain additional natural assumptions) the locally Lebesgue integrable solutions of (1) are exponential polynomials. Jarai [6] has shown that the local integrability assumption can be weakened to measurability. Our aim is to solve distributional analogues of (1) and (2) and thereby obtain another generalization of the result of Aczél and Chung. Essentially, we will show that (1) can be reduced to (2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01834001
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