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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (13)
  • 1990-1994  (13)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1955-1959
  • 1950-1954
  • 1991  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of clearfelling on microbial biomass phosphorus in the Oh horizon of an afforested podzol in Mid-Wales (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 7 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Microbial biomass C and P were monitored in the Oh horizon of an afforested podzol in Mid-Wales before and after clearfelling. Measurements over a 2-year period indicated that soil moisture and temperature control the seasonal fluctuations in biomass C in this soil. Clearfelling significantly increased biomass P in the Oh horizon. This was probably caused in part by increased fluxes of organic and inorganic phosphorus from the felling debris and litter horizons of the forest floor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1991.tb00872.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Inositol Phosphates in the Actions of Substance P on NK1 Receptors in Exocrine Gl and Cells (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 632 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33097.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stem Cells in Hair Follicles (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 642 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24388.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF CROP YIELD FUNCTIONS IN RESERVOIR OPERATION (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 27 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A model is developed for real-time operation of an irrigation reservoir with the objective of maximizing the value of multiple crop yields during a growing season. The model employs monthly additive and product forms of crop yield functions for dry matter and grain crops, respectively. The resulting nonlinear optimization model uses a log transform to reduce nonlinearities in the model. An application of the proposed model is compared to a common operating rule used in simulation models. The proposed model results were better in terms of net benefits from crop yields. The model uses GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) language. It requires an IBM-compatible microcomputer and is suitable for use by a reservoir manager.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb01466.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Closely linked genetic loci required for swarm cell differentiation and multicellular migration by Proteus mirabilis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pathogenic bacterium Proteus mirabilis exhibits a form of multicellular behaviour called swarming migration. This involves the differentiation of vegetative cells at the colony margin into swarm cells which are long, aseptate, multinucleate, hyper-flagellated filaments able to undergo repeated cycles of co-ordinated population migration and consolidation (reversion to vegetative cells). Transposon mutagenesis of uropathogenic P. mirabilis strain U6450 with Tn5 generated 4860 chromosomal insertions and, of these, 75 (1.6%) caused visibly abnormal swarming behaviour, indicating that at least 45 genes are involved in directing motility, cell differentiation and multicellular behaviour. While about one fifth of the swarm-defective mutants lacked flagella and were non-motile non-swarming (NMNS) the majority were normally flagellated and motile but were unable to form swarm cells (motile non-swarming, MNS), or were motile and able to form swarm cells but displayed abberant patterns of multicellular migration (dendritic swarming, DS) or consolidation (frequent and infrequent consolidation, FC and IC). Restriction enzyme mapping of representative mutant DNAs by Southern hybridization with transposon DNA probes identified eight different mutated genetic loci within the five phenotypic classes. Subsequent Southern analysis of large restriction fragments separated by pulsed-field electrophoresis showed that these eight mutated loci required for motility, cell differentiation and multicellular migration were clustered on a region of DNA spanning approximately 8% of the 4.2mbp P. mirabilis chromosome. Further linkage analysis showed that the DS locus involved in the ordered migration of the swarm cell population mapped separately from two main clusters of swarm loci, one cluster containing, within 112kbp, genetic determinants of motility (NMNS) and also differentiation into swarm cells (MNS1, MNS2), and second within aneighbouring 95kbp DNA sequence containing three loci involved in the control of consolidation (FC, IC1, IC2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00819.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutational analysis supports a role for multiple structural features in the C-terminal secretion signal of Escherichia coli haemolysin (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have carried out an extensive mutational analysis of the C-terminal signal which targets the export of the 1024-residue haemolysin protein (HlyA) of Escherichia coli across both bacterial membranes into the surrounding medium. Over 60 variants of the HlyA C-terminal 53-amino-acid sequence were created by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and fused to the HlyA N-terminal 830 residues. Transport of the HlyA derivatives by the HlyB/HlyO system was compared with the wild-type level and the data indicate that the HlyA C-terminal export signal lies within the last 48 amino acids and comprises three functional domains: an amphipathic, charged helix between residues 1,977 and R,996; a 13-amino-acid uncharged region from residue T,997 to S,1009; and an 8-aminoacid hydroxylated tail at the extreme C-terminus. Analogous features were found in the C-terminal sequences of an extended family of haemolysins, leukotoxins and proteases which are secreted by HlyB/HlyD-type translocators. In particular, all nine proteins which are secreted into the extracellular medium possess potential extended amphipathic helices. These results suggest a possible role for multiple regions of the HlyA C-terminal export signal in which the first two domains span the membranes and the third domain remains in the cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02085.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro activation of Escherichia coli prohaemolysin to the mature membrane-targeted toxin requires HlyC and a low molecular-weight cytosolic polypeptide (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The c. 110kDa haemolysin toxin secreted by Escherichia coli and other pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria is synthesized as the non-toxic precursor, prohaemolysin (proHlyA), which is unable to target mammalian cell membranes until activated intracellularly by an unknown mechanism dependent upon the coexpressed c. 20kDa protein, HlyC. We have established in vitro post-translational activation of proHlyA in membrane-depleted cell extract fractions from E. coli recombinant strains containing (separately) the proHlyA and HlyC proteins. In vitro activation was calcium-independent and effective over a pH range of 6 to 9 and at temperatures from 42°C to 4°C. HlyC cell extract was also able to activate proHlyA which had been secreted out of cells containing the export proteins HlyB and HlyD. Fractionation of HlyC cell extracts by sucrose gradient centrifugation and molecular weight chromatography revealed activating fractions as having a molecular mass of 40kDa, suggesting that the HlyC activator is present physiologically in a multimeric form. Cell extracts containing activation-competent HlyC and proHlyA were inactive following dialysis, but activity was restored by complementation with a cell extract lacking both proteins. HlyC and proHlyA proteins which were overproduced separately from recombinant expression plasmids were inactive following purification, but activity could again be restored with a Hly-negative cell extract. These experiments demonstrated that HlyC is not sufficient for activation; an additional cellular factor is required. The cellular factor was found in enterobacteria but not other bacteria or eukaryotic cells. It was cytosolic, protease-sensitive, and behaved as a c. 10kDa polypeptide in a number of assays including dialysis, sucrose gradient centrifugation, and gel filtration chromatography. Thus activation was possible in a defined in vitro reaction containing only purified proHlyA, HlyC, and the cellular factor. Ki stic studies in which the relative concentrations of the three components of proHlyA activation were varied suggested that neither HlyC nor the cellular factor acts as a conventional enzyme, with each participating in a finite number of activation events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01914.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error-prone EF-Tu reduces in vivo enzyme activity and cellular growth rate (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mutations in Salmonella typhimurium encoding error-prone EF-Tu (tufA8, tufB103) enhance translational error levels and also cause a reduced growth rate. The relative changes in error level and growth rate are inversely related and dependent on the status of the two tuf genes. Possible causes of the reduced growth rate were investigated. Several important parameters with the potential to alter growth rate (the EF-Tu-ribo-some interaction, the in vivo elongation rate and the processivity of translation), are all relatively unaffected by the tuf mutations. The small reduction in processivity observed in some strains is not quantitatively related to the growth rate reduction. Instead, the error-enhancing mutations are associated with a large reduction in the specific activity of a test protein, β-galactosidase, suggesting by inference that the reduced growth rate is a consequence of the synthesis of error-containing proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00733.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hierarchical response to prey stimuli and associated effects of hunger and foraging experience in the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia (L.) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Responsiveness of fifteen-spined sticklebacks, Spinachia spinachia (L.) to motility (rotating or still). size (larger or smaller), colour (red or green), shape (rectangular or tapered) and location (near bottom or surface of water) was investigated by presenting fish with binary choices of artificial prey, constructed from frozen mysids, trimmed, dyed and fixed to adjustable, motorized rods. Responsiveness was in the order movement 〉 size 〉 colour 〉 shape = location. In natural situations, movement may distinguish edible from inedible objects, while size indicates profitability and feasibility for attack. Colour, shape and location are more specific stimuli. Sticklebacks familiar with Artemia are more responsive to red coloration, tapered shape and pelagic location, as opposed to green, rectangular and benthic characterizing Gammarus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03146.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM OF A REGIONAL ECONOMY WITH A FINANCIAL SECTOR–PART I: AN ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK WITH BUDGET AND BALANCE SHEET LINKAGES (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 31 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . An accounting framework is presented that can be used as a basis for a regional general equilibrium economic model that meaningfully incorporates both real and financial activity. The accounting framework describes a circular flow from regional income to credit base, and back to regional income, including the balance of payments identity. Both real market transactions and capital stock changes are explicitly recognized. Linkages between real activity flows and sectoral balance sheets are highlighted. Financial activity is recognized as a service, and all assets are assumed to be valued at market prices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1991.tb00156.x
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