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  • Chemical Engineering  (131)
  • 1990-1994  (131)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1991  (131)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of fumed silica dispersions for fiber-optic cables (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1701-1707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fumed silica dispersions in mineral or silicone oil are used to fill fiber-optic cables to prevent macro-bending of the fibers and to provide environmental protection. Adequate control of the rheology is essential for the effectiveness of the filling compounds; the materials must be sufficiently viscous to minimize stresses on the fibers but have considerable elasticity so as not to drip with time or temperature. The effects of shear history, aging, temperature, and water contamination on the rheological properties of two commercially available systems are studied using steady and dynamic measurements. The results are interpreted in terms of the microstructure resulting from the aggregation of submicron silica particles and their interactions with different solvents.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760312403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of emulsifier type on the copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 404-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this work we report the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid using a cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or CTAB) or an anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate or SDS) emulsifier. Latexes were stable and monodisperse with spherical particles of ∼100 nm for the CTAB latex and of ∼70 nm for the SDS latex. However, a random copolymer was produced with CTAB whereas a “blocky” copolymer was obtained with SDS. Here we propose a mechanism to explain these structural differences in terms of the relative reactivities of styrene and acrylic acid and of their initial location and distribution in the SDS and CTAB emulsions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310604
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parison swell - A new measurement method and the effect of molecular weight distribution for a high density polyethylene (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The measurement of parison swell is difficult because swell is a time-dependent phenomenon and because, for a parison, two independent swell ratios must be determined. A new technique has been developed that makes use of a video camera focused on the end of the parison. Unlike previous techniques designed to measure time-dependent swell, no oil bath is required. The new technique was used to study the effect of molecular weight parameters on the parison swell of high density polyethylene. For a series of blends of two resins having significantly different weight-average molecular weights, the blends exhibited larger swell ratios than the base resins.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311004
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 2-d numerical study of intermeshing self-wiping screws in biopolymer extrusion (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1157-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A knowledge of flow behavior is important in the study of laminar flow in twin-screw extrusion processes to predict the velocity distribution and to understand the mixing process. The flow of a power law fluid in self-wiping twin-screw extruders is examined using a two-dimensional finite element analysis of a mid-channel section of intermeshing screws. Theory is compared with experiment using food biopolymer and plastic materials. Comparisons showing overprediction of throughputs, but similarities in behavior, suggest that this model could provide an upper limit for melt conveying. For most of the throughput range examined, pumping of intermeshing self-wiping screws appears to be almost independent of the power law flow index of the melt extruded, but the value of the flow index determines the degree of influence intermeshing has on the overall pressure gradient generated in the extruder.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311513
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual polymer bonding of thermoplastic composite structures (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 526-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes a process that facilitates fusion bonding of thermoplastic composite components without the need for complex fixtures and without disrupting the fiber alignment in the component laminates. The dual polymer bonding process, Thermabond, requires that an interlayer polymer be fused to the surface of each laminate prior to bonding. The characteristics of the interlayer polymer allow for joining of the components at a temperature below the softening/melting point of the reinforced polymer in the composite laminates. This leads to significant processing advantages without significant loss in mechanical performance. Discussions of resin compatibility, the effect of process conditions on mechanical performance, and the application of the APC-2/PEI Thermabond system to various structural components are included.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310709
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical modeling of initiation of localized yielding under plane stress conditions in rigid-rigid polymer alloys (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 793-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional Finite Element Method simulations, which involve consideration of the nonlinearity of a material, have been conducted to gain understanding about the rigid-rigid polymer toughening concept we proposed. The simulation results for the plane stress condition indicate that as long as the inclusion phase possesses (i) a 60% difference in the tangent modulus from that of the matrix at any given strain level prior to failure or (ii) smaller yield or craze stain than the yield strain of the matrix, then, localized shear yielding will occur around the inclusion. A toughened rigid-rigid polymer alloy system can then be obtained. The plain strain case is also discussed with an implementation of the rigid-rigid polymer toughening concept.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of surface-modified UHMWPE powders and fibers in tough polyurethane composites (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 992-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder (60 micron diameter) and chopped fiber (6.5 mm length) were surface treated with a blend of reactive gases (fluorine and oxygen.) These powders and fibers were then compounded into a thermoset polyurethane matrix. Surface-treated and control reinforcements are compared at a 10 vol.% loading level. Tensile testing indicates improved stress transfer with surface treatment. Stress transfer is also improved with fibers versus powders. Fracture toughness is characterized by measuring the essential work of fracture, we. Surface-treated fiber composites exhibit work of fracture values almost three times the unfilled polyurethane values. Abrasion resistance was also measured. Surface treatment was found to significantly lower wear rates of powder composites. Fiber composites had lower wear rates than powder composites, although surface treatment had little effect. An approximate inverse relationship was found between wear rate and essential work of fracture.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 60Co gamma radiation on the mechanical properties of epoxy blends and epoxy-graphite fiber interface (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of 60Co gamma radiation of up to 100 Mrads on an IM6-G graphite fiber-epoxy interface was studied using the single-fiber-composite (SFC) technique. Flexible epoxy blends were formulated using diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) based and polyglycol diepoxide epoxies which were cured with aliphatic and aromatic curing agents. Bulk epoxy specimens and graphite fibers were tension tested to obtain their tensile properties. The fragment length distribution from SFC tests, single fiber strength data, and a Monte Carlo simulation of Poisson/Weibull model for fiber strength and flaws were used to obtain the effective interfacial shear strength values. The results indicate that while graphite fiber strength is not affected by radiation, the tensile properties of the epoxies used are adversely affected by the radiation. The interfacial shear strength, however, increases significantly with the radiation dose. The study also supports the earlier results of many workers that the interfacial shear strength for flexible epoxies is much higher than the shear yield strength of the epoxies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750120304
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly filled potable water pipe (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 13 (1991), S. 50-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Profitable production and sale of rigid PVC water pipe is difficult even in the best of economic times. The industry is intensively cost driven. The development of lower cost formulations is, therefore, of great interest.Conventional pressure pipe formulas do not provide sufficient hydrostatic strength when calcium carbonate filler levels exceed 5 parts per hundred resin (phr). This paper will describe the development of a pressure pipe formulation which contains up to 10 phr filler while maintaining physical properties exceeding all of the required minimum standards.The presentation will include the physical property testing required to develop the formulation including cell classification and long-term hydrostatic design stress tests. These will be contrasted with data obtained from conventional formulas containing 10 phr of fillers.The quality of commercially extruded pressure pipe made with the new formula will be discussed as a function of raw material selection, blending, and extrusion conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730130108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hot compaction pressure on the interfacial properties in the amorphous metallic ribbon/thermoplastic matrix composite system (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 12 (1991), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The application of rapidly solidified amorphous metal ribbons as continuous reinforcements for thermoplastic composites is examined. The metallic glass alloy Fe40Ni40B20 (at. percent), with good stiffness, strength, and magnetic properties, was selected as the ribbon alloy. The mechanical properties of the ribbons (elastic modulus and fracture strength) were determined by tensile testing under plane-stress conditions. The continuous FE40Ni40B20 amorphous ribbons were incorporated as reinforcements into a polypropylene (thermoplastic) matrix. To evaluate the quality of the composites formed, ribbon pullout tests were performed to measure the interfacial ribbon/matrix bond strength. It was noted that increasing the hot compaction pressure during fabrication and the surface texture of the ribbons by etching significantly improved the interfacial shear strength between the ribbon and thermoplastic matrix.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750120605
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