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  • 1
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    Subtle cerebellar phenotype in mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-2 homeobox (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: The two mouse genes, En-1 and En-2, that are homologs of the Drosophila segmentation gene engrailed, show overlapping spatially restricted patterns of expression in the neural tube during embryogenesis, suggestive of a role in regional specification. Mice homozygous for a targeted mutation that deletes the homeobox were viable and showed no obvious defects in embryonic development. This may be due to functional redundancy of En-2 and the related En-1 gene product during embryogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, the mutant mice showed abnormal foliation in the adult cerebellum, where En-2, and not En-1, is normally expressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyner, A L -- Herrup, K -- Auerbach, B A -- Davis, C A -- Rossant, J -- HD25334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS18381/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20591/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1239-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/*anatomy & histology/embryology/pathology ; Chimera ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Female ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nervous System/embryology ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Dynamic tracking of cardiac vulnerability by complex demodulation of the T wave (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: A link is found between T wave alternans and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation, and a new approach is provided for quantification of susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias. Complex demodulation reveals that alternation of the electrocardiogram is concentrated during the first half of the T wave, coinciding with the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, there are marked increases in the degree of T wave alternans that parallel the established time course of changes in vulnerability. The influence of the sympathetic nervous system in arrhythmogenesis is also accurately detected. Ultimately, complex demodulation of the electrocardiogram could provide a technique for identification and management of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nearing, B D -- Huang, A H -- Verrier, R L -- HL-33567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):437-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Constriction ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs ; Electric Stimulation ; *Electrocardiography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Heart Conduction System/*physiopathology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mathematics ; Reperfusion ; Ventricular Fibrillation/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Peripheral selection of the T cell repertoire (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: T lymphocytes undergo selection events not only in the thymus, but also after they leave the thymus and reside in the periphery. Peripheral selection was found to be dependent on T cell receptor (TCR)-ligand interactions but to differ from thymic selection with regard to specificity and mechanism. Unlike thymic selection, peripheral selection required binding of antigen to the TCR, and it induced expansion of T cell clones. Tolerance to self antigens that are restricted to the periphery occurred through the elimination of self-reactive T cells and by the clonal anergy, which was associated with down-regulation of the alpha beta TCR and CD8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rocha, B -- von Boehmer, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1225-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite INSERM U-25 CNRS UA-122, Hopital Necker, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymectomy ; Thymus Gland/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Long-term high-titer neutralizing activity induced by octameric synthetic HIV-1 antigen (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: A titer for homologous viral neutralization activity (greater than 1:19,683) was observed after a 3.5-year immunization period with an octameric, branching peptide representing the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1IIIB envelope protein. Booster immunizations elicited persistent and potent antibodies in guinea pigs, exceeding responses produced by a conventional bovine serum albumin conjugate by 100-fold. Peptide length, central presentation of a conserved sequence, and inclusion of an upstream sequence contributed to immunogenicity. Titers (greater than 1:1,000) of heterotypic neutralizing antibodies also developed. Octameric PND peptides are a promising approach for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, C Y -- Looney, D J -- Li, M L -- Walfield, A M -- Ye, J -- Hosein, B -- Tam, J P -- Wong-Staal, F -- IU01-AI-30238/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):285-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Biomedical, Inc., Lake Success, NY 11042.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/genetics/*immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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