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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics and stability of thin liquid films during spin coating. I. Films with constant rates of evaporation or absorption (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5258-5266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A fixed volume of liquid is placed on a horizontal disk spinning at a constant angular speed. The liquid forms a film that thins continuously due to centrifugal drainage and evaporation or thins to a finite thickness when surface absorption counterbalances drainage. A nonlinear evolution equation describing the shape of the film interface as a function of space and time is derived, and its stability is examined using linear theory. When there is either no mass transfer or there is evaporation from the film surface, infinitesimal disturbances decay for small wave numbers and are transiently stable for larger wave numbers. When absorption is present at the free surface, the film exhibits three different domains of stability: disturbances of small wave numbers decay, disturbances of intermediate wave numbers grow transiently, and those of larger wave numbers grow exponentially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350235
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics and stability of thin liquid films during spin coating. II. Films with unit-order and large Peclet numbers (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5267-5277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A thin liquid film drains radially off the surface of a horizontal, rotating substrate. Evaporation of solvent from the film increases the fluid viscosity and reduces the radial outflow. Governing equations are developed for the shape of the film interface as a function of space and time, as well as the axisymmetric solvent-concentration distribution, for both unit order and large Peclet numbers. The numerical solution of these equations elucidates how a spinning film with either a corrugated or a flat free surface evolves over time in the presence of a time-varying concentration (and viscosity) field. A correlation for the final film thickness in terms of the physical variables of the system is deduced from the governing equations, the result of which shows good agreement to published experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350236
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear stability theory of two-layer fluid flow in an inclined channel (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 3906-3922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linear stability of the two-layer flow of immiscible, incompressible fluids in an inclined channel is considered. In the long-wave limit, mechanisms for linear instability, and the consequences of competition between mechanisms, are identified. For arbitrary wave numbers, air–water and olive oil–water systems are considered, in order to determine the influence of the channel thickness and the mean interfacial height on the stability of the flow. This paper characterizes those physical situations in which the primary instability is to long-wave interfacial disturbances. The odd Orr–Sommerfeld shear mode within the water layer, which is necessarily stable in plane Poiseuille flow, is found to grow and even be the dominant mode of instability for the olive oil–water system. The consequences beyond linear stability are discussed. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868382
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On falling-film instabilities and wave breaking (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 231-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Long-wave instabilities of thin viscous films flowing down inclined planes are studied. Numerical solutions of the full long-wave evolution equation show that wave profiles grow superexponentially and evolve toward breaking when the surface tension takes on realistically small values. This contrasts with the solutions of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, which do not tend toward breaking. The use of the full equation thus dispenses with the need to introduce the formally small curvature terms into the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, as suggessted by Rosenau and Oron [Phys. Fluids A 1, 1763 (1989)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857858
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation of iodine fluoride(B3.PI.(0+)) by metastable oxygen. 1. Studies involving iodine fluoride (X,v) (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 4610-4618 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100165a008
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of stomata of senescing and nonsenescing leaves of Nicotians glauca to changes in intercellular concentrations of leaf carbon dioxide (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Gas exchange measurements were performed to test the hypothesis that failure of stomata to open in senescing leaves of Nicotiana glauca is caused by elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide in the intercellular spaces of leaf mesophyll tissue (ci). Senescing leaves selected for experiments were completely chlorotic and lacked positive rates of photosynthesis. When stomata in detached epidermis from senescing leaves were illuminated in CO2-free air, they opened to similar apertures as those in detached epidermis from nonsenescing leaves. To compare the effects of changes in ci on stomatal responses of the two leaf types, leaf ‘flags’ of either nonsenescing or senescing leaves were illuminated at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 500 μmol m−2 s−1 in a gas exchange cuvette. Leaf temperatures were maintained at 23.5 ± 0.5°C, and vapour pressure differences between leaves and the air were maintained between 0.70 and 0.75kPa. Ci was adjusted by changing external concentrations of carbon dioxide in air circulating through the cuvette. Conductances and photosynthetic rates of nonsenescing leaves changed in response to changes in ci, but neither the conductances nor the photosynthetic rates of senescing leaves were affected significantly by changes in q. We conclude that guard cells of senescing leaves of Nicotiana glauca do not lose the capacity to respond to changes in carbon dioxide concentration and that increases in ci resulting from declining rates of mesophyll photosynthesis are not the sole cause of maintenance of stomatal closure during leaf senescence. The data suggest that factors external to guard cells may prevent them from responding to changes in carbon dioxide concentrations in intact senescing leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb00967.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological Responses of Human Apurinic Endonuclease to Radiation-Induced DNA Damage (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 726 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb52834.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological Factors in Drug Absorption (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 618 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb27242.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition of cationic yttrium on heterogeneous surfacesPaper presented at ECASIA 93, Catania, Sicily, 4-8 October 1993. (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 460-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The cathodic deposition of yttrium on iron and steel surfaces is known to improve the bond strength of joints treated in such a manner. This work explores the effect of large and small heterogeneities on the spatial distribution of the deposited species. Two systems are investigated: 98% iron with micrometre-scale inclusions, and a micro-hardness indentation on gold-coated iron. In the former case yttrium is identified (by XPS and SAM) to have been deposited in two concentration regimes: close to the inclusion (the cathodic area) the concentration is higher than elsewhere, and also contains iron produced by back-deposition. At the identation the iron substrate is exposed at the corners to provide the prerequisite anodic site, cathodic deposition of yttrium is then observed both within the identation and on the undamaged gold surface at a lower concentration. The provision of spatially resolved analytical information by SAM, time-of-flight SIMS and imaging XPS enables the interrelationship of microstructural features and extent of cathodic deposition to be readily appreciated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210625
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  • 10
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    Morphological instability in epitaxially strained dislocation-free solid films (1991)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-23
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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