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  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (21)
  • 1990-1994  (16)
  • 1997  (21)
  • 1994  (9)
  • 1991  (7)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 1995-1999  (21)
  • 1990-1994  (16)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The multichannel triple-laser interferometer/polarimeter system at RTP : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1217-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 19-channel combined interferometer and polarimeter system has recently become operational at the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project (a=0.164 m, R=0.72 m, Btor≤2.5 T, Ip≤150 kA, plasma pulse duration ≤500 ms), in order to determine the poloidal magnetic field and plasma density distribution simultaneously. The method is based on the separate propagation of two counter-rotating, circularly polarized probing waves, and enables high temporal resolution measurements of both the interferometric and the polarimetric phase change using only one detector per line of sight. In this article a thorough discussion of the (polarization-related) optical, electronic, and computational aspects of the system will be presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147884
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high resolution multiposition Thomson scattering system for the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3380-3392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high resolution multiposition Thomson scattering setup to measure the electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) of a hot plasma is described. The system is operational at the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project. Light from a high power pulsed ruby laser is scattered by the free plasma electrons and relayed to a Littrow polychromator for spectral analysis. The spectrally and spatially resolved light is detected by a GaAsP photocathode. The two-dimensional image is intensified and recorded with a charge-coupled device camera.Te in the range of 50 eV–6 keV can be measured at 115 spatial elements of 2.6 mm length along the laser beam. The observation error is 〈6% at ne=2×1019 m−3 and smaller for higher ne. The high resolution and accuracy enabled the observation of small scale structures in Te and ne. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148345
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The multichannel triple-laser interferometer/polarimeter system at RTP (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 446-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 19-channel combined interferometer and polarimeter system has recently become operational at the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project (a=0.164 m, R=0.72 m, Btor≤2.5 T, Ip≤150 kA, plasma pulse duration ≤500 ms), in order to determine the poloidal magnetic field and plasma density distribution simultaneously. The method is based on the separate propagation of two counter-rotating, circularly polarized probing waves, and enables high temporal resolution measurements of both the interferometric and the polarimetric phase change using only one detector per line of sight. In this article a thorough discussion of the (polarization-related) optical, electronic, and computational aspects of the system will be presented.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147602
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double pulse Thomson scattering system at RTP : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 721-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article a double pulse multiposition Thomson scattering diagnostic, under construction at RTP, is discussed. Light from a double pulsed ruby laser (pulse separation: 10–800 μs, max. 2×12.5 J) is scattered by the free electrons of the tokamak plasma and relayed to a Littrow polychromator for spectral analysis. The spectrally resolved light is recorded by two ICCD detectors. Simulations show that the system sensitivity will be such that electron temperatures in the range of 100 eV–7 keV can be determined with an accuracy as good as 2%–3% for electron densities of 1020 m−3, with a spatial resolution down to 2.6 mm. With this diagnostic the dynamics of small scale structures in the electron temperature profile will be studied. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147685
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft x-ray tomography diagnostic at the RTP tokamak (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2295-2305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An 80-channel soft x-ray tomography system has been constructed for diagnosing the RTP (Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project) tokamak plasma. Five pinhole cameras, each with arrays of 16 detectors are distributed more or less homogeneously around a poloidal plasma cross section. The cameras are positioned close to the plasma edge to enable viewing angles which could not be reached otherwise. The system can be used for making tomographic reconstructions of the soft x-ray emissivity with a relatively high poloidal mode number (up to both components of m=4), which is an improvement with respect to other plasma tomography systems presented in literature. The temporal resolution of the system is 5 μs. Apart from a description of the hardware and geometrical layout of the system, the paper will focus on two important issues, namely the calibration of the detectors and the positioning of the cameras in the vacuum vessel of the tokamak. A dedicated x-ray source has been designed for the relative calibration of the detectors of each individual camera. Misalignment causes several artifacts in tomographic reconstructions obtained with multicamera systems. Therefore, two new methods are proposed which make use of the plasma itself for improving the knowledge about the positions of the cameras.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144680
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of mode scrambling on pulsed radar reflectometry applied to high shear devices : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 473-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article the effect of mode scrambling on the operation of pulsed radar reflectometers working in the ordinary polarization mode on devices with a high magnetic shear is studied. Mode scrambling occurs when the magnetic field changes considerably on length and/or time scales which are similar to or smaller than those of the probing wave. In this case the polarization of the mode is not conserved during passage through the plasma, and power is transferred from ordinary to extraordinary mode and vice versa. Calculations with a full-wave code are performed for two different high-shear devices: the RFX reversed field pinch and the LHD torsatron. The conclusion of the work is that the density profiles in these devices can excellently be measured by a pulsed radar reflectometer operating in the ordinary mode. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrostatic time-of-flight analyzer for simultaneous energy and mass determination of neutral particles (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 110-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A neutral particle energy analyzer has been developed to measure both the energy and the mass of the incoming particles with only one array of detectors. Energy analysis is performed by means of deflection in an electrostatic field. The mass of the particle is determined by measuring the flight time from a stripping foil to a channel electron multiplier in the focal plane of the analyzer. The application of a stripping foil instead of a gas cell increases the stripping efficiency and simplifies the vacuum system. Monte Carlo simulation studies and first calibration experiments show that the analyzer can be used even at energies down to 1 keV, as long as the stripping foil does not exceed a thickness of 2.0 μg/cm2. These simulations take into account the angular and energy straggling processes that take place in the foil. A triple-coincidence technique can be applied to decrease the sensitivity of the analyzer to neutron and gamma background radiation considerably, as will be shown by calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electron cyclotron absorption diagnostic at the Rijnhuizen tokamak project (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4439-4447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new 20-channel electron cyclotron absorption diagnostic has been developed at the Rijnhuizen tokamak project. It is the first time the electron pressure profile in a tokamak plasma can be measured directly with a time resolution of 1 ms. The diagnostic measures simultaneously the emission and absorption of the second harmonic electron cyclotron frequencies. Microwaves are injected from the high field side and detected at the low field side in the equatorial midplane. The transmitted power is measured after a single pass through the plasma column. The absorption measurements are complicated by nonresonant losses: refraction of the injected microwaves (losses up to 100%), and scattering of microwaves by density fluctuations (losses 2%–3%). A fast algorithm has been developed to obtain a quantitative measure for these nonresonant losses. This calculation method is based on a parametrization of the experimental data. Combining the electron cyclotron absorption (ECA) measurements and the parametrization provides a reliable tool for determining the optical depth, the electron temperature, and the electron pressure. A good agreement was found between pressure and temperature profiles, measured with ECA and other diagnostics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflectometry on ITER : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 435-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reflectometry will be used on ITER to measure the density profile in the main plasma and divertor regions, and to measure the plasma position and shape in order to provide a standby reference for the magnetic diagnostics in long pulse discharges. The high temperatures of the ITER core and the resultant significant relativistic downshift of the second-harmonic electron cyclotron absorption imply that both low-field side O-mode and high-field side lower cut-off (X−l mode) systems are required to access the full plasma profile. A low-field side upper cut-off (X−u mode) system will also be required for measurements of the scrape-off layer. For measurements of the plasma position and shape, an O-mode system is optimum due to the large range of magnetic field along the plasma periphery and the wide range of possible plasma configurations achievable on ITER. A robust real-time calibration technique of the whole transmission line is required. It is likely that an accurate estimate of the position of the plasma will require the simultaneous use of signals from the profile reflectometer. For the divertor, profiles with peak densities in the range 1019–1022/m3 are to be measured with a target resolution of 3 mm. The large density range will necessitate the use of more than one system. Installing these reflectometers on ITER incurs additional difficulties such as the routing of the millimetre wave radiation around the complicated first wall and divertor structures and design of antennas able to operate through the first wall and blanket. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148220
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The histamine H1-receptor antagonist binding site. Part I: Active conformation of cyproheptadine (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 5 (1991), S. 357-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: MNDO ; Molecular modeling ; Superimposition ; Boat conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The active conformation of several histamine H1-antagonists is investigated. As a template molecule we used the antagonist cyproheptadine, which consists of a piperidylene ring connected to a tricyclic system. The piperidylene moiety is shown to be flexible. The global minimum is a chair conformation but, additionally, a second chair and various boat conformations have to be considered, as their energies are less than 5 kcal/mol above the energy of the global minimum. Two semi-rigid histamine H1-antagonists, phenindamine and triprolidine, were fitted onto the various conformations of cyproheptadine in order to derive the pharmacologically active conformation of cyproheptadine. At the same time, the active conformation of both phenindamine and triprolidine was derived. It is demonstrated that, within the receptor-bound conformation of cyproheptadine, the piperidylene ring most probably exists in a boat form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126668
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