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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (19)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1993  (11)
  • 1991  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the ion energy on the growth and structure of thin hydrocarbon films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1354-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Noncrystalline hydrocarbon films were deposited from methane plasmas in an electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma reactor. The films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and high-energy ion-beam analysis. Film properties were investigated as a function of the energy of ions impinging on the surface of the growing film. The ion energy was varied by applying a dc bias to the sample in the range from 30 to 200 eV. The ion energy was measured with a retarding field analyzer under identical experimental conditions. An abrupt change was found in the sp3/sp2 ratio in the energy interval from 80 to 120 eV. Other film properties such as the refractive index, density, and hydrogen-to-carbon ratio exhibit a more or less monotonic dependence on the ion energy. The results are compared with published data on hydrocarbon films. An analytical model was developed to describe the energy dependence of the hydrogen fraction in the films. It is based on the assumption that displacement of hydrogen atoms is the dominating mechanism that controls the hydrogen fraction in hydrocarbon films. The results are also discussed on the basis of the fully constrained network model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354892
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure of thin hydrocarbon films (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1771-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We compare reported compositions of a-C:H films in a ternary phase diagram. It is assumed that the films comprised three phases: sp3 hybridized carbon, sp2 hybridized carbon and hydrogen. The data are found to split into two well-separated groups. This separation depends on the method used to measure the sp3/sp2 ratio. We conclude from the comparison of NMR and infrared data that infrared analysis does not provide a quantitative measure of the sp3/sp2 ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110683
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of the sp3/sp2 ratio in ion beam and plasma-deposited carbon films (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2391-2393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Model calculations are described which predict the fraction of tetrahedral (sp3) versus graphitic (sp2) bonding in ion beam or plasma-deposited amorphous carbon films on the basis of the preferential displacement of sp2 atoms. Displacement yields obtained from static trim simulations are used as input data for a simple analytical growing layer model of ion beam deposition. The sp3/sp2 ratio is found to increase with increasing carbon ion energy between 30 eV and 1 keV. Assuming equal probabilities for a free (implanted or displaced) atom to become trapped at either sp2 or sp3 sites results in sp3/sp2 ratios between 1 and 3.5. More refined dynamic simulations with tridyn confirm the trends with slightly lower sp3/sp2 ratios for ion beam or plasma deposition, also involving hydrogen. A decrease of the sp3/sp2 ratio towards high energies cannot be explained by preferential displacement only, in contrast to proposals in recent literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106026
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition of dense hydrocarbon films from a nonbiased microwave plasma (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 937-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electron cyclotron resonance plasma was used to prepare C:H layers from methane. The temperature dependence of the deposition rate was investigated at substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 700 K, at a gas pressure of 1.6 Pa. Despite low ion energies corresponding to the plasma potential, transparent hard coatings were obtained at elevated temperature with a density up to 2 g cm−3. A deposition model is proposed which describes the growth from an adsorbed layer, including surface reactions with radicals and atomic hydrogen as well as the direct incorporation of ions. Two different deposition processes can be identified, yielding polymerlike films in the temperature range up to 450 K and dense hydrocarbons above this temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the film properties such as H/C ratio, index of refraction, and density is consistent with the predictions of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108525
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma and surface modeling of the deposition of hydrogenated carbon films from low-pressure methane plasmas (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 527-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52.25.Dg ; 79.20.Nc ; 82.65.Yh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elementary mechanisms are described which determine the plasma and surface processes during the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of hydrogenated carbon films from methane. Corresponding model calculations are reviewed and critically discussed in comparison to experimental results. A realistic modeling requires the simultaneous and self-consistent treatment of plasma and surface effects. Several experimental data sets on plasma parameters and the growth and the composition of the films have been reproduced successfully. However, a broader experimental data base is needed for more critical tests of the models. The reliability of the modeling, in particular of the surface effects, is still limited due to the poor availability of elementary data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331402
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of affinity chromatography and electrophoresis matrices for the purification of bile acid transport proteins (1991)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 32 (1991), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Affinity chromatography ; Affinity electrophoresis ; Bile acid transport proteins ; Bile acid derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For the purification of the bile acid transport proteins from rat hepatocytes high affinity taurocholic acid derivatives were synthesized. One type was designed for coupling to a Sepharose matrix and the other for copolymerization with acrylamide. The resulting matrices were found to be suitable for affinity chromatography and affinity electrophoresis. In both syntheses, 3α, 12α-dihydroxy-7β-amino (tauro) cholic acid derivatives were used as the starting material, since substitution in this position had previously been shown not to alter transport affinity constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276251
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hermetische Mikroelektronik-Verkapselungen in der Luft- und Raumfahrt zur Vermeidung von Korrosion (1993)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 124-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion-resistant, hermetic microelectronic packages for aerospace applicationsCorrosion-resistant, high reliable aerospace electronics need expensive ceramic substrates, noble metal conductors and very clean stainless steel or ceramic packages. The requirements, material technologies, problems and more economical packages are described.
    Notes: Zur Vermeidung von Korrosionsschäden an Sicherheitselektroniken der Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie der Wehrtechnik werden vorzugsweise Keramik-Substrate und Edelmetall-Leiter sowie völlig feuchte- und salzfreie, hermetisch verschlossene Metall oder Keramikgehäuse verwendet. Die Anforderungen, Materialien, Technologien und Probleme der hermetischen Mikroelektronik-Verpackung wird im folgenden Aufsatz näher beschrieben werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19930440404
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  • 8
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    How accurate are the ‘‘muonic’’ quadrupole moments in Eu? (1993)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 9
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    Deposition of dense hydrocarbon films from a nonbiased microwave plasma (1993)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    Influence of the ion energy on the growth and structure of thin hydrocarbon films (1993)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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