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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 2526-2535 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A time-local Fokker–Planck equation (TLFPE) is derived which accounts for memory effects in stochastic problems. This is expected to provide a computationally efficient method of modeling the phase space evolution of such systems by simple (local time) Langevin equations with Markovian fluctuating forces that are characterized by time-dependent moments; it is this explicit time dependence that describes the memory effects. The TLFPE is derived from the probability theory of non-Markovian systems as a generalization of Chandrasekar's derivation of the Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) from the Chapman–Kolmogarov equation for Markovian systems. In this article it is applied to free particle diffusion and barrier crossing problems, and is shown to give rise to physically realistic results. Further, the form of the TLFPE suggests that the conditions required for systems to exhibit Markovian behavior are less restrictive than the Brownian criterion of separation of time scales between the fluctuating forces and the momentum response of the system. Rather, a sufficient condition is that the time-dependent moments of the TLFPE reach plateau values before the time scale of the phenomenon of interest.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 112 (1990), S. 1971-1982 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 6080-6089 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 133-142 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La fécondité de femelles isolées avec un mâle, sans aliment ni eau, et laissées sans perturbation avec 50 graines au moins sert de fécondité standard. Elle augmente avec le temps de développement de l'œuf à l'adulte de 73 œufs (32 j) à 94 œufs (44 j). La fécondité potentielle, obtenue avec des femelles alimentées sur sucre est de 125 œufs. Des femelles maintenues avec moins de 25 graines réduisent leur fécondité. Plus de la moitié des femelles distribuent leurs œufs uniformément jusqu'à une densité de 1,5 œuf. L'uniformité peut provenir de l'induction de réactions de ponte par les graines portant moins d'œufs que l'effectif moyen. L'hyperdistribution au dessus des densités de 3 œufs/graine révèle l'aptitude à distinguer les graines avec 3 œufs des graines avec 4 œufs. Il y a moins d'écarts par rapport à l'uniformité (erreurs) avec des graines à surface rugueuse. Des femelles avec 10 graines font moins d'erreurs que des femelles avec 50 ou 100 graines. Les œufs sont ajoutés aux plus grosses graines sans œufs; ainsi, plus il y a de graines qui portent des œufs, plus le poids des graines avec œufs diminue. Un tel schéma est prévisible si la ponte est induite par des graines plus grosses que les graines rencontrées précédemment. Les femelles présentent un ordre de préférence clair quand elles sont en rapport avec leurs hôtes classiques: Vigna unguiculata 〉 V. radiata 〉 Cajanus cajan 〉 Cicer arietinum Les caractères spécifiques de l'hôte, plutôt que la taille ou la texture de la surface servent à la distinction entre les graines d'un même hôte. Ces résultats expérimentaux peuvent être utilisés pour la modélisation du comportement de ponte d'une femelle.
    Notes: Abstract The fecundity of the South India strain of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) is 73 eggs for females developing in 31 days and increases to 94 eggs for females emerging after 41 days. Fed females lay 45–55 more eggs which is the egg-equivalent of the reserves unfed females had to sacrifice for activity. Competition as a larva did not reduce a female's fecundity. Oviposition is inhibited when females are given 25 or fewer beans for oviposition and it is reversed if females find fresh beans. Oviposition is generally released by beans carrying a below average number of eggs, thus, the eggs are almost uniformly distributed over the beans. Eggs are preferentially placed on the largest egg-free beans as expected if oviposition is released when a beetle goes from a smaller to a larger bean. The cues resulating host preferences, cowpea 〉 mung ≫ pigeonpea ≫ chickpea, are secondary to the cues producing hyperdispersion and the selection of larger beans. We present a model for the oviposition behavior that accounts for the observed responses to species, size, and egg load of oviposition sites.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; competition ; development ; evolution ; fecundity ; growth rates ; host preferences ; life tables ; mortality ; natural selection ; net reproductive rate ; oviposition traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le taux partiel de reproduction nette (R inf0 sup* ) dépend de l'espèce de la plante sur laquelle les œufs sont pondus et du nombre de larves entrant dans la graine. La survie larvaire est réduite par 1/(le nombre de larves par graine) parce qu'une seule larve se développe dans une graine. La fécondité n'est pas modifiée par la compétition subie par les larves, la mortalité larvaire a l'effet le plus important sur R inf0 sup* . Les femelles éliminent ou réduisent la compétition larvaire en dispersant leurs œufs uniformément et font si peu d'erreurs avec une hyperdispersion que l'évolution d'un comportement plus précis n'accroîtrait R inf0 sup* que de 4% au maximum. Des femelles retournant à une distribution des œufs au hasard provoqueraient une réduction de R inf0 sup* de 25% au moins. Les légumineuses généralement cultivées dans l'Inde du Sud sont des hôtes acceptables quand elles sont présentées seules. Le choix des femelles entre 2 hôtes élève R inf0 sup* de 30% ou plus par rapport à une distribution au hasard. Les préférences les plus nettes concernent des combinaisons présentant la plus grande différence de R inf0 sup* . Les femelles qui hyperdispersent leurs œufs, choisissent leurs hôtes et évitent les pertes par compétition en empêchant que les œufs ne donnent plus de descendants que ne le ferait une ponte au hasard. Les particularités de la ponte sont variables et héritables. Les lignées se sélectionnent bien, en fonction de la dispersion de leurs œufs sur les graines, de la discrimination des plantes hôtes, et de la modulation de leur taux de ponte. La sélection naturelle maintient ces particularités du comportement d'une façon sédentaire.
    Notes: Abstract The deposition of eggs by this strain of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Bruchidae: Coleoptera) departs from randomness in three ways; eggs are uniformly dispersed, oviposition rates drop when beans begin to carry 2 or more eggs, and there are sharp host preferences. Using random egg placement for the unspecialized condition, these traits are evaluated for their effect on a female's contributions of offspring to the next generation (R0, the net reproductive rate). The major increases in R0 result from females dispersing eggs so uniformly that larval competition is either reduced or eliminated. Females reduce their oviposition rate when the larva from an egg added to a bean is almost certain to die in competitive encounters. Host preferences and larval survival in a host are positively associated with the abundance of the host in South India. The three oviposition traits act together to give and R0 that is 25–50% than that of eggs placed at random. These traits are known to be variable and heritable, hence, the conditions necessary for natural selection are statisfied.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] COS cells transfected with a cDNA encoding GMP-140 sup-port adhesion (rosette formation) of isolated human neutrophils and promyelocytic HL-60 cells: similar adhesion has been observed with ELAM-1-transfected COS cells10. Immuno-peroxidase analysis indicates that the anti-GMP-140 monoclonal ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 346 (1990), S. 265-267 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In testing the above hypothesis across both speed and size, we made three assumptions. First, we assumed that most of the force exerted by the muscles acts to oppose gravity. This seems reasonable as force platform measurements on a variety of running animals have shown that the vertical force is ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 5 (1990), S. 365-374 
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A pointp i=(x i, yi) in thex–y plane ismaximal if there is no pointp j=(x j, yj) such thatx j〉xi andy j〉yi. We present a simple data structure, a dynamic contour search tree, which contains all the points in the plane and maintains an embedded linked list of maximal points so thatm maximal points are accessible inO(m) time. Our data structure dynamically maintains the set of points so that insertions takeO(logn) time, a speedup ofO(logn) over previous results, and deletions takeO((logn)2) time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Genetica 83 (1990), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chiasma frequency and distribution does not differ substantially between the sexes in the marsupialBettongia penicillata. This result contrasts with the observations made on other species of marsupials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 8 (1990), S. 375-382 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: 12-crown-4 ; cerium nitrate complex ; X-ray crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A unique cerium nitrate complex, [Ce(NO3)3(OH2)(12-crown-4)]-12-crown-4, has been crystallized from the reaction of hydrated cerium nitrate and 12-crown-4. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group,Pnma, with (at −150°C)a = 22.901(5),b = 13.547(3),c = 8.422(1)Å, andD x = 1.77 g cm−3 forZ = 4 formula units. A finalR value of 0.048 was obtained utilizing 2059 unique observed [F o ⩾ 5σ(F o)] reflections. The Ce atom resides on a crystallographic mirror plane and is 11-coordinate, coordinated to three bidentate nitrate groups, one water molecule and the four oxygens of one 12-crown-4 molecule. The water molecule hydrogen bonds a second 12-crown-4 unit. Both unique crown molecules and one of the nitrate anions are severely disordered.
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