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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (74)
  • 1990-1994  (74)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1990  (74)
  • 1
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    Venus - A total mass estimate (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Reductions of four independent blocks of Pioneer Venus Orbiter Doppler radio tracking data have produced very consistent determinations of the GM of Venus (the product of the universal gravitational constant and total mass of Venus). These estimates have uncertainties that are significantly smaller than any values published to date. The value of GM is also consistent with previously published results in that it falls within their one-sigma uncertainties. The value of 324858.60 + or - 0.05 cu km/sec sq is the best estimate.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 1485-148
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  • 2
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    A post-Pioneer Venus reassessment of the Martian dayside ionosphere as observed by radio occultation methods (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Global characteristics of the dayside ionosphere of Mars were investigated by reanalyzing the electron-density dayside altitude profiles obtained by Mariners 4, 6, 7, and 9 and the Viking 1 and 2. The properties of both the electron density peaks and the topside profiles with the behavior expected for a Chapman layer in the Mars ionosphere were compared with those observed at Venus with the Pioneer Venus. The results yield an improved picture of the solar zenith angle dependences of both the peaks and the scale heights of the ionosphere of Mars, and their comparison with Venus at solar minimum. It is shown that, under similar conditions where the incident solar wind dynamic pressure exceeds the peak ionospheric thermal pressure, the Martian dayside ionosphere peaks at higher altitudes in the flanks and has a greater scale height. Thus, Martian and Venusian ionospheres would present different obstacles to solar wind.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 14829-14
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  • 3
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    Mantle dynamics in Mars and Venus - Influence of an immobile lithosphere on three-dimensional mantle convection (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The manner of the mantle convection in planets with rigid lids, such as Venus and Mars, is investigated using a numerical method. The effect of the rigid upper boundary condition on mantle convection was examined by comparing the convection in planets with rigid lids with results for planets with shear stress-free upper surfaces. The results for convection in models of the mantles of Mars and Venus show that the cylindrical plume is the prominent form of upwelling as long as sufficient heat enters the mantle from the core.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 14105-14
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  • 4
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    An observational study of the nightside ionospheres of Mars and Venus with radio occultation methods (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Using nightside electron density profiles obtained with radio occultation data from the Viking orbiters, the nightside ionospheres of Mars and Venus are investigated. It is shown that the Mars nightside ionosphere is generally weaker than the Venus nightside ionosphere, and, when it is present, the peak altitude is higher. Otherwise, there is considerable similarity. In particular, the dependence of peak density on solar zenith angle in the range of the Viking nightside observations (90-130 deg) is found to be similar for both planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 17095-17
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  • 5
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    Comment on 'Update on terrestrial ages of Antarctic meteorites' by K. Nishiizumi, D. Elmore and P. W. Kubik (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X); 99; 4, Se; 380-382;
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  • 6
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    Cosmogenic nuclides in extraterrestrial materials (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Research on cosmogenic nuclides in extraterrestrial materials is summarized. Methods for determining average production rates in meteorites are considered as well as the composition dependence of production rates. Also discussed are lunar meteorites, solar-gas-rich meteorites, presolar grains, and solar cosmic rays.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 28; 253-275
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  • 7
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    Martian impact craters - Correlations of ejecta and interior morphologies with diameter, latitude, and terrain (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An effort is made to establish the ability of a correlation between crater morphology and latitude, diameter, and terrain, to discriminate among the effects of impact energy, atmosphere, and subsurface volatiles in 3819 larger-than-8 km diameter craters distributed over the Martian surface. It is noted that changes in ejecta and interior morphology correlate with increases in crater diameter, and that while many of the interior structures exhibit distributions interpretable as terrain-dependent, central peak and peak ring interior morphologies exhibit minimal relationships with planetary properties.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 87; 156-179
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  • 8
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    Mars ionopause during solar minimum - A lesson from Venus (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The ion densities measured by the Viking landers (Hanson et al., 1977) do not show an abrupt falloff with height, giving the false impression that Mars has no ionopause. On the basis of knowledge gained from the solar wind interaction at Venus during solar minimum, it is demonstrated that the observed O2 profile above about 160 km on Mars is a distributed photodynamical ionosphere and can produce an ionopause at around 325 km, similar to that observed on Venus during solar minimum. It is concluded that the solar wind interacts directly with the Mars ionosphere, suggesting that the planet does not have an intrinsic magnetic field of any consequence.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 8265-826
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  • 9
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    Internal structure of Io and the global distribution of its topography (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A global topography is presently calculated for two multilayer Io models in which dissipation occurs in a viscous asthenosphere and a solid mantle: (1) a 'thermal swell' model, in which topography and heat flow are positively correlated, and (2) a 'differentiated lithosphere' model, in which topography and heat flow are negatively correlated. Both the polar topography and the hypsometric distribution of elevations in the differentiated lithosphere model are better matched with observations than the thermal swell model. The shift of the equatorial basin-swell pattern indicates a recent zonal rotation of about 25 deg for Io's lithosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 85; 309-325
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  • 10
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    TV observations of Phobos - First results (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: From February to March, 1989, Phobos-2 acquired 37 TV images of Phobos at distances from 200 to 1100 km. These images will be used to update the figure model and topographic and geological maps of Phobos, its spectral characteristics and scattering law, the surface composition and texture, and the parameters of the orbital motion and forced libration.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Pis'ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal (ISSN 0320-0108); 16; 378-388
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