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  • Chemistry  (613)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (177)
  • Humans  (109)
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  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 1990-1994  (963)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1990  (963)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination effects in inorganic ion-cluster detection by secondary-electron multiplier in mass spectrometry experiments (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Discrimination effects in secondary electron multipliers due to the differences in kinetic energy with which ions of different masses strike the dynode surface are investigated. The threshold energy at which ions of a particular mass can be detected is discussed. The efficiencies of such multipliers when used with cluster ions such as H+(H2O)N (where Cat+ represents an alkali-metal cation) are investigated and discussed, in terms of both the ‘kinetic’ and ‘potential’ emission coefficients.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal effects in the detection of ions from bioorganic substances by mass spectrometry (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 4 (1990), S. 13-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The characteristics of the detection of ions of the alkali metals and of cluster ions of the type (H2O)NMH+ (where M is an amino acid) are markedly different from those for the detection of protonated saccharose ions. The latter are shown to produce a signal from a secondary electron multiplier detector at a lower ion energy than the threshold energy for the former ions. An explanation is proposed in terms of the charge localization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290040105
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  • 3
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    Identification of mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene in Alport syndrome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-08
    Description: X-linked Alport syndrome is a hereditary glomerulonephritis in which progressive loss of kidney function is often accompanied by progressive loss of hearing. Ultrastructural defects in glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of Alport syndrome patients implicate an altered structural protein as the cause of nephritis. The product of COL4A5, the alpha 5(IV) collagen chain, is a specific component of GBM within the kidney, and the gene maps to the same X chromosomal region as does Alport syndrome. Three structural aberrations were found in COL4A5, in intragenic deletion, a Pst I site variant, and an uncharacterized abnormality, which appear to cause nephritis and deafness, with allele-specific severity, in three Alport syndrome kindreds in Utah.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, D F -- Hostikka, S L -- Zhou, J -- Chow, L T -- Oliphant, A R -- Gerken, S C -- Gregory, M C -- Skolnick, M H -- Atkin, C L -- Tryggvason, K -- DK 36200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 39497/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR 00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 8;248(4960):1224-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Exons ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; *Mutation ; Nephritis, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Restriction Mapping ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Peripheral clonal elimination of functional T cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: A major mechanism for generating tolerance in developing T cells is the intrathymic clonal deletion of T cells that have receptors for those self antigens that are presented on hematopoietic cells. The mechanisms of tolerance induction to antigens not expressed in the thymus remain unclear. Tolerance to self antigens can be generated extrathymically through the induction of clonal nonresponsiveness in T cells with self-reactive receptors. A second mechanism of extrathymic tolerance was identified: clonal elimination of mature T cells with self-reactive receptors that had previously displayed functional reactivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, L A -- Chin, L T -- Longo, D L -- Kruisbeek, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1726-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biological Response Modifiers Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2125368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis ; Clone Cells ; *Immune Tolerance ; Kinetics ; *Lymphocyte Depletion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of eigenvectors in DNA polymer spectroscopy by isotopic substitution (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 30 (1990), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple relationship between frequency shifts to be expected in molecular vibrational spectra upon isotopic substitution and component values of eigenvectors is displayed. Application of this expression to the problem of force constant refinement is discussed in terms of a refinement algorithm developed some years ago to overcome particular problems associated with large molecular systems. Calculations of expected isotopic shifts have been calculated and are tabulated here for experimental reference.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360300110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detailed reaction engineering as a basis of modern slurry technology for PE-HD-productionHerrn Prof. Dr. W. Hilger zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 174 (1990), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zur Sicherung von Produktqualität und Qualitätskonstanz bei der Polymerherstellung ist eine genaue Kenntnis des Polymerisationsprozesses notwendig. Für die Suspensionspolymerisation von Ethylen mit hochaktiven Ziegler-Katalysator/Cokatalysator-Systemen wurde ein Prozeß-Modell entwickelt. Dieses Modell gibt an, welcher Satz von Prozeßparametern innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen konstant gehalten werden muß, um die Produktdaten in den vorgegebenen Abnahmegrenzen zu halten. Die Konsequenzen für eine Produktionsanlage werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Saving product quality and quality consistency in polymer production needs a detailed knowledge of the polymerization process. A process model for the slurry polymerization of ethylene with high mileage Ziegler-catalyst/cocatalyst systems has been developed. This model teaches which set of process parameters must be kept constant together with their acceptable deviations to keep product data within the required frame. The consequences for a technical production plant are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051740116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic and rheological properties of concentrated solutions of proteoglycan subunit and proteoglycan aggregate (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 1587-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oscillatory and steady shear rheological properties of concentrated solutions of proteoglycan subunit (PGS) and aggregate (PGA) from bovine articular cartilage have been studied using a Rheometrics fluids spectrometer. At comparable concentrations in the physiological range tan δ increases from 0.5 to 1.0 for PGA as the oscillation frequency (ω) increases from 10-1 to 102 rads / s, compared to a decrease from 40 to 5 for PGS. Thus PGA solutions exhibit predominantly elastic response whereas those of PGS exhibit primarily viscous behavior. PGA solutions show pronounced shear-thinning behavior at all shear rates (γ) in the range 10-2 〈 γ (s-1) 〈 10 2, whereas PGS solutions exhibit predominantly Newtonian flow. For PGA, the small-strain complex viscosity η* (ω) is substantially smaller than the steady-flow viscosity η (γ) at comparable values of ω and γ. These observations indicate that the presence of proteoglycan aggregates leads to formation of a transient or weak-gel network. Since aggregation leads to a large increase in molecular hydrodynamic volume and hence in the relaxation times for macromolecular rotation, it appears that role of aggregate formation is to shift the linear viscoelastic response from the terminal viscous flow into the plateau elastomeric regime of relaxational behavior. Normal or pathological changes that produce a decrease in aggregation will result in a loss of elastomeric behavior of the proteoglycan matrix.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360291208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helix aggregation in peptide crystals: Occurrence of either all parallel or antiparallel packing motifs for α-helices in polymorphs of Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 1835-1845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three crystalline polymorphs of the helical decapeptide, Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe, have been obtained. Antiparallel helix aggregation is observed in crystals grown from methanol (A), while completely parallel packing is observed in crystals from isopropanol (B) or an ethylene glycol-ethanol mixture (C). Crystals B and C are very similar in molecular conformation and packing. The packing motifs in crystals A and B consist of rows of parallel molecules, with an almost identical arrangement in both crystals. In crystal A, adjacent rows assemble with helix axes pointed in oppsite directions, whereas in crystal B all rows assemble with helix axes pointed in the same direction. Electrostatic interactions between helix dipoles do not appear to be a major determinant of packing modes. The structures also do not provide a ready rationalization of packing preferences in terms of side-chain interactions or solvation. The α-helix of the peptide in crystal A has seven 5 → 1 hydrogen bonds; the helix in crystal B is a mixed 310/α-helix. The crystal parameters are as follows. Crystal A: C51H92N10O13·CH3OH, space group P21 with a = 10.498(1) Å, b = 18.189(3) Å, c = 16.475(3) Å, β = 99.28(1)°, Z = 2, R = 9.6% for 1860 data. Crystal B: C51H92N10O13·C3H7OH, space group P21 with a = 10.534(1) Å, b = 28.571(4) Å, c = 11.055(2) Å, β = 95.74(1)°, Z = 2, R = 6.5% for 3251 data. Crystal C: C51H92N10O13·C2H5OH, space group P21, with a = 10.450(1) Å, b = 28.442(5) Å, c = 11.020(2) Å, β = 95.44(1)°, Z = 2, R = 14.8% (isotropic) for 1948 data.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360291414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic peptide helices in crystals: Structure and antiparallel and skewed packing motifs for α-helices in two isomeric decapeptides (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 30 (1990), S. 719-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly a-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues. The packing motif of helices in crystal II is antiparallel, whereas the helices pack in a skewed fashion in crystal III, with a 40° angle between neighboring helix axes. Crystal III contains a water molecule in a hydrophobic hole that forms hydrogen bonds with two carbonyl oxygens that also participate in 5 → 1 type hydrogen bonds. Values for helical torsional angles φ and ψ assume a much wider range than anticipated. Crystal II: C49H88N10O13, space group P21 with a = 16.625(2) Å, b = 9.811(5) Å, c = 18.412(3) Å, β = 99.79(1)°, Z = 2, R = 5.7% for 4338 data with |F0 | 〉 3σ(F). Crystal III: C49H88N10O13. 1/2H2O, space group P21, with a = 11.072(2) Å, b = 34.663(5) Å, c = 16.446(3) Å, β = 107.85(1) °, Z = 4, R = 8.3% for 6087 data with |F0| 〉 3σ(F).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360300707
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent effect on binding thermodynamics of biopolymers (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 901-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The indirect solvent-induced effect on the free energy of binding of biopolymers is examined within the framework of classical statistical mechanics. We focus specifically on the role of the solute-solvent hydrogen bonding. In particular, we have estimated the first order solvent effedt on the indirect interaction between two biopolymers. We find that the solvent-induced interactios between two hydrophilic groups through water-bridged hydrogen bonds could significantly enhance the binding free energy. Some preliminary estimates indicate that this effect is significant and perhaps could be crucial in molecular recognition processes. Furthermore, we have calculated, from crystal structure data, the distance distribution between all the oxygens and nitrogens on the surface of some proteins that do not belong to the binding domain. In most cases we found an enhanced peak in the range of 4-5 Å, which is where we expect to find strong solvent-induced interactions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360290604
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