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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (7)
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1940-1944
  • 1935-1939
  • 1990  (7)
  • 1
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    The deep atmosphere of Venus revealed by high-resolution nightside spectra (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the night side of Venus obtained in two narrow spectral windows centered at 1.74 and 2.3 microns, where the nightside is anomalously bright, are reported. Absorption features from CO2, CO, H2O, HDO, HCl, HF, and COS are detected, and there are a number of unidentified features. A preliminary analysis indicates that the observed radiation is thermal emission from atmospheric layers in the eight-bar pressure region for the 2.3 micron window and even deeper at 1.7 micron. The derived CO and H2O abundances agree with in situ Pioneer measurements in the deep troposphere and are consistent with the high deuterium enrichment inferred from Pioneer data. The first measurements of HCl and HF below the clouds are reported along with the first firm detection of COS.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 345; 508-511
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  • 2
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    International Jupiter Watch - A program to study the time variability of the Jovian system (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The International Jupiter Watch is a program for the encouragement and coordination of the study of temporal variations in the Jovian system. It consists of six discipline working groups concerned with: the Io torus under N. Schneider; the Jovian atmosphere under R. West; the magnetosphere and radio emissions under I. de Peter and M. Klein; aurora under J. Caldwell; the Galilean satellites under W. Sinton and J. Goguen; and laboratory measurement and theory under B. Lutz. To date the IJW has held two workshops and selected several Jupiter Watch periods for coordinated observations. The next Jupiter Watch workshop is tentatively scheduled for 1990 in association with the next COSPAR meeting.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 10; 1, 19
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  • 3
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    Io's atmosphere from microwave detection SO2 (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The microwave detection of SO2 at 222 GHz in Io's atmosphere is reported. The observations imply an SO2 surface pressure of 4-35 nanobars, covering 3-15 percent of the surface on both leading and trailing sides of Io when illuminated by the sun. This supports atmospheric models in which the partial pressure of SO2 at the surface is determined by the Io surface temperature, favoring, in particular, the 'albedo cold-trap' models. The failure to detect H2S at 169 GHz suggests that the pressure of this gas is probably below 10 to the -10th bar. These results, taken together with Pioneer ionospheric data, suggest that an atmospheric gas other than SO2 is present. It is proposed that the locally buffered SO2 atmosphere coexists with a background atmosphere of oxygen with a partial surface pressure of about 20 nanobars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 346; 639-641
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  • 4
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    Radio images of the planets (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations at radio wavelengths make possible detailed studies of planetary atmospheres, magnetospheres, and surface layers. The paper addresses the question of what can be learned from interferometric radio images of planets. Results from single-element radio observations are also discussed. Observations of both the terrestrial and the giant planets are considered.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 5
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    Monodeuterated methane in the outer solar system. IV - Its detection and abundance on Neptune (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The 3nu2 band of CH3D was detected in the spectrum of Neptune near 1.6 micron recorded at a spectral resolution of 4/cm with the Cassegrain Fourier Transportation Spectrometer at the 3.6 m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope CFHT) on Mauna Kea. The analysis of this spectrum, using spectral synthesis techniques, yielded a CH3D/CH4 ratio of about 0.0006, which corresponds to a global D/H ratio for Neptune of about 0.00012, if CH3D is in isotopic fractionation equilibrium with HD. This value is about an order of magnitude larger than an earlier estimate by Orton et al. (1987) based on deconvolution measurements of unresolved molecular emission in the 8-10-micron region. Comparison of this new determination with previous studies of CH3D in the outer solar system shows that, as in the case of Uranus, the D/H on Neptune is strongly enhanced over that found on Jupiter and Saturn and is comparable to the D/H in methane on Titan and in terrestrial methane and water.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 355; 661-666
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  • 6
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    Explosive volcanism and associated pressures - Implications for models of endogenically shocked quartz (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The nature of explosive volcanic phenomena and associated pressures, both from field and theoretical perspectives, is discussed. An endogenic origin for shocked quartz at the K/T boundary requires impulsive pressures greater than 60 kbars to be generated during explosive volcanism. Explosive volcanic eruptions which are events of sustained decompression may be initiated by impulsive explosions while the magnitudes of the overpressures are small. These maximum overpressures can be controlled mainly by the tensile strength of the rock surrounding the magma chamber-conduit system. Thus maximum overpressures in the volcanic environment are limited to less than 500 bars which are orders of magnitude less than those required for shock quartz (greater than 60 kbars). This observation is found to be consistent with the complete lack of field or petrographic evidence in support of shock metamorphism associated with volcanic eruptions and their products.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: ; : Mathematical metho
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  • 7
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    Radial diffusion models of energetic electrons and Jupiter's synchrotron radiation. I - Steady state solution (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The results of a computer code modeling of the radial diffusion of equatorially confined energetic electrons in Jupiter's inner magnetosphere are compared with spacecraft as well as ground-based radio (synchrotron radiation) data. It is found that the synchrotron radiation spectrum cannot be reproduced without a significant hardening of the electron spectrum between L = 3 and L = 1.5. This hardening may be due to energy degradation by Jupiter's ring particles. The calculations also suggest that there may be larger-sized material outside Jupiter's ring up to L of about 4 or Io's orbit.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 39-50
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