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  • Chemistry  (28)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (2)
  • 54C99
  • 65H10
  • F10
  • 1990-1994  (30)
  • 1992  (15)
  • 1990  (15)
Collection
Keywords
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Years
  • 1990-1994  (30)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron impact mass spectrometry of triterpenoids from guayuleContribution No. 998 from the Instituto de Química, UNAM, Mexico. (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 25 (1990), S. 237-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210250411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel implementations of Broyden's method (1992)
    Springer
    Computing 47 (1992), S. 361-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65H10 ; Nonlinear systems ; Broyden's method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Verfahren von Broyden liefert einen der effizientesten Algorithmen zur Lösung nichtlinearer Gleichungssysteme. Bei sehr vielen Gleichungen und Unbekannten werden häufig Implementierungen ohne Zwischenspeicherung verwendet (Gomes-Ruggiero, Martinez und Moretti, SIAM J. SCISC 91, erscheint in Kürze). Wir zeigen, daß die Rechnungen so organisiert werden können, daß man ihren Parallelismus ausnützen kann.
    Notes: Abstract Broyden's method is one of the most effective algorithms for solving nonlinear systems of equations. When the number of equations and unknowns is very large, memoryless implementations of this method are frequently used. We analyze one of this implementations (Gomes-Ruggiero, Martínez and Moretti, SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 1991, to appear) and we show that calculations may be organized in such a way that parallelism can be exploited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02320203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fraction-dense algebras and spaces (1992)
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 27 (1992), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 13B30 ; 54C99 ; commutative ring ; fraction-dense ring ; fraction dense space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A fraction-dense (semi-prime) commutative ring A with 1 is one for which the classical quotient ring is rigid in its maximal quotient ring. The fraction-dense f-rings are characterized as those for which the space of minimal prime ideals is compact and extremally disconnected. For Archimedean lattice-ordered groups with this property it is shown that the Dedekind and order completion coincide. Fraction-dense spaces are defined as those for which C (X) is fraction-dense. If X is compact, then this notion is equivalent to the coincidence of the absolute of X and its quasi-F cover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046636
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New oligomers with isatin. Condensation reactions of thiophene and 2,2′-bithiophene with isatin (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1990), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die seit langem in der Literatur als “Indophenin-Reaktion” bekannte Umsetzung von Isatin mit Thiophen wurde systematisch untersucht und auf die Umsetzung mit Bithiophen erweitert. Die Reaktionsprodukte wurden isoliert und durch FT-IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR sowie GPC charakterisiert.Im Gegensatz zu den Literaturdaten wurden Reaktionsprodukte mit höheren Molgewichten und anderer Molmassenverteilung gefunden. Die Reaktionsbedingungen - Lösungsmittel, Temperatur und Konzentration - sind für den Reaktionsablauf und die entstehenden Produkte von entscheidender Bedeutung.Füur die oligomeren Reaktionsprodukte werden neue Strukturen vorgeschlagen, die in Übereinstimmung mit allen analytischen Daten sind. Anhand eines Formelschemas werden die Reaktionen des Isatins mit Thiophen (Bithiophen) erläutert.
    Notes: A systematic study of the well-known indophenin reaction between isatin and thiophene was extended to embrace bithiophene. The products of the reactions were isolated and characterized by FT-IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and GPC. The values of the thus determined molar masses and molar mass distributions differed from the data given in the literature. The reaction conditions - solvent, temperature, and concentration - are of crucial importance for the course of the reaction and the products obtained.New structures suggested for the oligomeric reaction products agree with all the analytical data. The reactions between isatin and thiophene (bithiophene) are explained schematically.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051780101
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation of hydrodynamic properties of semiflexible macromolecules: Randomly broken chains, wormlike chains, and analysis of properties of DNA (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 883-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The translational and rotational diffusion coefficients and the intrinsic viscosity of semiflexible, randomly broken, and wormilike chains have been obtained by Monte Carlo simulation in the context of the rigid-body treatment. Both approximate and rigorous rigid-body hydrodynamics are used, so that the error introduced by the approximate methods can be evaluated. A randomly broken chain and a wormilike chain having the same contour length and persistence length have the same radius of gyration but different values for any of the hydrodynamic properties. The two types of chains are compared in this regard. Considering that the cross section of the chain is represented by a cylinder better than by a string of spheres, we devise a cylindrical correction to be applied to the results simulated for chains of beads. Application is made to the analysis of experimental data for the translational and rotational coefficients of DNA fragments with up to 103 base pairs, obtaining the persistence length for each model. The values for the wormlike chain agree well with model-independent values obtained from radii of gyration and with other literature data at varying ionic strength. The randomly broken chain is equally able to reproduce the experimental length dependence of the properties, but the resulting persistence length may be too high.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360290603
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical approach to cationic polymerization of alkenylfuranes (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The molecular species proposed for the initial steps in the cationic polymerization of alkenylfurans were modeled by MNDO theoretically fully optimized structures. It was confirmed that the anomalous reactivity of ring C-5 of the monomers is determined by HOMO electron densitites, whereas calculated proton affinities from the semiempirical heats of formation fail to explain the low temperature experimental behavior of 2-vinylfuran (1c) from the point of view of stability of intermediate species. However, ab initio 4-31G calculations of proton affinities agree with the experimental facts and allow further explanations of the reactivity of furan derivatives in electrophilic media.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1990.021910202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of furfuryl alcohol with trifluoroacetic acid: the influence of experimental conditions (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Furfuryl alcohol was polymerized by trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride to give a colored polymer. This polymer possesses two main sequences in which the furan rings are connected by methylene groups (sequence 1) or by dimethylene ether groups (sequence 2). The polymer is not linear but highly branched, as detected by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Variations of the experimental conditions, such as the presence of air, the trifluoroacetic acid concentration, the reaction temperature and the solvent, do not allow a significant increase in the linear structure of the polymer. However, an increase in the acid concentration or an increase in temperature produce a decrease in the ether-bridged structure (sequences 2).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1992.021930101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective nucleophilic substitution of poly(vinyl chloride) with sodium thiophenate in cyclohexanone solution: Influence of the reaction temperature on the mechanism (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nucleophilic substitution of PVC with sodium thiophenate was carried out in cyclohexanone solution at 5, 25, 40, 60, and 70°C. The initial rate obeys an Arrhenius law from 25 to 60°C, with an activation energy of 70 kJ/mol. Conversion limits are observed which strongly depend on the temperature. The stereoselectivity of the reaction with respect to the configurational triads does not depend on the temperature: the distribution of configurations is only dependent on the conversion. Assuming an SN2 substitution mechanism governed by steric factors, the Monte Carlo simulation procedure described in a prior study is shown to give a good account for all temperatures above 40°C assuming for the mm, mr or rm, and rr triads a reactivity such as Rmm = 2 Rmr and Rrr nil at low temperature and very low at temperatures ≥ 40°C. The low conversion limits observed at 5 and 25°C cannot be explained by a limited accessibility of a part of the polymer. Finally, it is shown that the elimination reaction, which remains limited, does not interfere with the substitution process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical approach to cationic polymerization of alkenylfurans. II. Ab initio and semiempirical study of relevant steps in the reaction mechanism (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2497-2502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: ab initio ; AM1 ; cationic polymerization ; reaction mechanism ; furans ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: SCF ab initio and AM1 semiempirical calculations with full geometry optimization have been carried out to model the initial steps of alkenylfuran cationic polymerization. Semiempirical procedures have been used to model propagation steps. Proton affinities of the relevant neutral species as well as the heats of formation of probable dimers were calculated. The results allow the explanation of the experimental behavior. The capabilities of the employed methods to describe these type of processes is discussed. It is confirmed that competition between vinyl and ring site attacks is the most important feature in these systems. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080301203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of substilisin E in organic solvents by site-directed mutagenesis (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: protein engineering ; enzymes in organic solvents ; protein stabilization ; subtilisin E ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Subtilisin E was rationally engineered to improve its stability in polar organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF). A charged surface residue, Asp248, was substituted by three amino acids of increasing hydrophobicity, Asn, Ala, and Leu; all three variants were stabilized with respect to wild type in 80% DMF. This stabilization was only observed in the presence of high concentrations of the organic solvent: no stability enhancements were observed in 40% DMF. In contrast, the mutation Asn218 → Ser alters internal hydrogen bonding interactions and stabilizes subtilisin E in both 40% and 80% DMF. This study provides additional evidence that substitution of surface-charged residues is a generally useful mechanism for stabilizing enzymes in organic media and that the stabilizing effects of such substitutions are unique to highly altered solvent environments. The effects of the single amino acid substitutions on free energies of stabilization are additive in the Asp248 → Asn + Asn218 → Ser combination variant, yielding an enzyme that is 3.4 times more stable than wild type in 80% DMF.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390204
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