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  • GEOPHYSICS  (343)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (155)
  • Physics
  • 1990-1994  (499)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1992  (225)
  • 1990  (274)
  • 1
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    Intercomparison and interpretation of surface energy fluxes in atmospheric general circulation models (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Responses of the surface energy budgets and hydrologic cycles of 19 atmospheric general circulation models to an imposed, globally uniform sea surface temperature perturbation of 4 K were analyzed. The responses of the simulated surface energy budgets are extremely diverse and are closely linked to the responses of the simulated hydrologic cycles. The response of the net surface energy flux is not controlled by cloud effects; instead, it is determined primarily by the response of the latent heat flux. The prescribed warming of the oceans leads to major increases in the atmospheric water vapor content and the rates of evaporation and precipitation. The increased water vapor amount drastically increases the downwelling IR radiation at the earth's surface, but the amount of the change varies dramatically from one model to another.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; 3711-372
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  • 2
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    Remote sensing of mesospheric winds with the High-Resolution Doppler Imager (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Observations of the winds in the upper atmosphere obtained with the High-Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are discussed. This instrument is a very stable high-resolution triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer, which is used to observe the slight Doppler shifts of absorption and emission lines in the O2 Atmospheric bands induced by atmospheric motions. Preliminary observations indicate that the winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are a mixture of migrating and non-migrating tides, and planetary-scale waves. The mean meridional winds are dominated by the 1,1 diurnal tide which is easily extracted from the daily zonal means of the satellite observations. The daily mean zonal winds are a mixture of the diurnal tide and a zonal flow which is consistent with theoretical expectations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 40; 12; p. 1599-1606.
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  • 3
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    Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Measurements were made of a suite of photochemically active trace species (including light hydrocarbons, ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, HNO3, NO3(-), NO(x), and NO(y)) in marine air collected during a 10-day period in April and May 1985 at Point Arena (California), a coastal inflow site. It was found that the mixing ratios of the alkanes, ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, and HNO3 correlated with variations in the origins of calculated air parcel trajectories and with variations in the ratios of the light alkanes. The highest levels of alkanes and the photochemical products were found in parcels that had been rapidly transported across the North Pacific Ocean from near the 600-mbar level above the east Asian coast. It is suggested that production over the continents, transport to the marine areas, and parallel removal processes account for much of the observed correlation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D14; p. 15,883-15,901.
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  • 4
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    Geodetic measurement of deformation in the Loma Prieta, California earthquake with very long baseline interferometry (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: VLBI measurements were conducted immediately after the Loma Prieta earthquake and compared with VLBI gathered at Monterey, San Francisco, and Point Reyes since 1983 to obtain preearthquake deformation rates with respect to a North American reference frame. The estimated displacements at Monterey and San Francisco are consistent with the static displacements predicted on the basis of a coseismic slip model in which slip on the southern segment is shallower than slip on the northern segment of the fault rupture. Cartesian positions are presented at epoch 1990.0 of a set of VLBI fiducial stations and the three mobile sites in the earthquake's vicinity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 1215-121
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  • 5
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    Redistribution of reactive odd nitrogen in the lower arctic stratosphere (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In-situ measurements of total reactive odd nitrogen NO(y), were made from the NASA DC-8 aircraft in the lower arctic stratosphere during the 1989 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition. Throughout January and February, NO(y) mixing ratios were typically between 0.5 and 3 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at altitudes between 10 and 12.5 km. During several flights late in the mission, events of unusually light NO(y) occurred with mixing ratios up to 12 ppbv at these altitudes. Simultaneous measurements of N2O, O3, and H2O during these events suggest that large changes in NO(y) are not expected. The elevated NO(y) values are interpreted as a vertical redistribution of NO(y) in the lower stratosphere resulting from gravitational sedimentation of aerosol particles containing HNO3. No evidence of the redistribution of H2O is noted, consistent with observations of denitrification without dehydration higher in the stratosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters, Supplement (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 453-456
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  • 6
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    A nonlinear dynamical analogue model of geomagnetic activity (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Consideration is given to the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction within the framework of deterministic nonlinear dynamics. An earlier dripping faucet analog model of the low-dimensional solar wind-magnetosphere system is reviewed, and a plasma physical counterpart to that model is constructed. A Faraday loop in the magnetotail is considered, and the relationship of electric potentials on the loop to changes in the magnetic flux threading the loop is developed. This approach leads to a model of geomagnetic activity which is similar to the earlier mechanical model but described in terms of the geometry and plasma contents of the magnetotail. The model is characterized as an elementary time-dependent global convection model. The convection evolves within a magnetotail shape that varies in a prescribed manner in response to the dynamical evolution of the convection. The result is a nonlinear model capable of exhibiting a transition from regular to chaotic loading and unloading. The model's behavior under steady loading and also some elementary forms of time-dependent loading is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A8, A; 12
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  • 7
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    The wavenumber spectra of scatterometer-derived winds (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The accuracy of scatterometer-derived winds using a frequency-domain analysis and simulation is studied. The wavenumber spectra of the Seasat-A-scatterometer (SASS)-derived wind fields have been observed to be accentuated relative to the input wind field. The results of extensive simulations designed to test this observation are reported. Actual SASS measurements of the normalized radar backscatter (NRB) over an orbit (rev) are used as a template to generate simulated NRB measurements. Pointwise estimation of winds from the simulated NRB measurements is accomplished with the ambiguity closest to the true wind selected as the unique wind vector estimate. For comparison, winds are also estimated using a new model-based approach. After wind retrieval, the spectra of the estimated wind fields are computed and compared to the input wind field. The high wavenumber portion of the spectra of the pointwise estimated winds was higher than the spectra of the true winds by an amount which depends on the wind speed variance.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1005-1007.
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  • 8
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    Summertime tropospheric observations related to N(x)O(y) distributions and partitioning over Alaska - Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition 3A (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Measurements of NO, NO2, PAN and NO(y) are presented for the summertime middle/lower troposphere over northern high latitudes. Chemical signatures from concurrent measurements of O3, CO, C2H2, C2H6, C3H8, C2Cl4, and H2O are used to characterize factors affecting the budget and distribution of N(x)O(y) in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic tropospheric air masses sampled over Alaska during the NASA Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A). The results implicate biomass burning in Siberia as the probable source of about one-third of the NO(y) abundance within the middle lower troposphere over Alaska and the downward transport of air from altitude in the vicinity of the tropopause as a major contributor to the abundance of NO(y) within the lower 6 km column over Alaska.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D15; p. 16,481-16,509.
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  • 9
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    The possible effect of solar soft X rays on thermospheric nitric oxide (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A rocket observation of nitric oxide in the lower thermosphere during a time of high solar activity is compared to the results of calculations from a one-dimensional photochemical model. A solar soft X-ray flux of 0.75 erg/sq cm/s is needed to explain the observed NO densities. This result supports the theory that the variation in the low-latitude thermospheric NO is caused by variation in solar soft X-rays.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 4311-431
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  • 10
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    The substorm event of 28 January 1983 - A detailed global study (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A comprehensive timeline of the growth, expansion, and recovery phases of a small isolated substorm with an expansion phase onset at 07:39 U.T. on January 28, 1983 is provided. The data sets examined include those from the electron-plasma, magnetometer, and energetic-particle instruments onboard ISEE-3. In addition to these data sets, a number of other spacecraft and ground-based data is utilized, including the magnetospheric energy-input rates evaluated in the upstream solar wind and imaging sequences used for examining auroral features during growth and expansion phases. Substorm energy-input and -output relationships are estimated quantitatively, and the timing and physical dimensions of the distant tail disturbance implied by global observations available are evaluated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 38; 1495-150
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