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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving vacuum management in the JEOL 2000FX stem (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3566-3568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Failure of vacuum valves on the JEOL 2000FX scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) fitted with a sputter ion pump (SIP) was caused by inadequate logic control and feedback from the SIP controller to the vacuum controller. Two low-cost circuit modifications to the SIP controller solved this problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140515
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical descriptors in crystallography: Report of the IUCr Subcommittee on Statistical Descriptors (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 63-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Subcommittee has attempted to elucidate the nature of problems encountered in the definition and use of statistical descriptors as applied to crystallography and to propose procedural improvements. The report contains (a) a dictionary of statistical terms established for use by experimentalists; (b) a description of the statistical basis for refinement procedures; (c) sections dealing with defects in the physical model used for refinement, and with the choice and significance of weighting schemes; and (d) recommendations, some of which may be readily implemented, whilst others may require a long-term effort to bring them into general use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388009596
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Space groups rare for organic structures. Erratum (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 210-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: There is an error in the Appendix of the paper by Wilson [Acta Cryst. (1988), A44, 715-724]. Equation (A3) should read (p) = I/(N + 2) = N-1. (A3)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388014205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explicit Fourier representations of non–ideal hypercentric P.D.F.'s of E (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Explicit non-ideal hypercentric distributions of the magnitude of the normalized structure factor have been derived and investigated for the space group P\bar 1. One of the distribution types investigated arises when the asymmetric unit of P\bar 1 consists of several identical centrosymmetric motifs, interrelated by additional non-crystallographic centres of symmetry. The ideal version of such distributions was studied by Rogers & Wilson [Acta Cryst. (1953), 6, 439-449]. The other distribution type studied originates from atomic arrangements in which the asymmetric unit is composed of several unrelated centrosymmetric fragments that may differ in their sizes and chemical compositions. Explicit non-ideal probability density functions (p.d.f.'s) of the magnitude of the normalized structure factor were formulated for both above types of distribution as Fourier series, were evaluated numerically and were compared with appropriately simulated distributions of |E|. The computations were carried out for a range of atomic compositions, and numbers of unrelated centrosymmetric fragments that comprise the asymmetric unit; both of these factors have a significant influence on the deviation of the hypercentric p.d.f.'s from the values predicted on the basis of the central-limit theorem approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388011043
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defence research (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 338 (1989), S. 370-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR—You report (Nature 336, 610; 1988) that the veterinary school at this university is being supported in a research project on the survival of bacterial pathogens in aerosols by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) Chemical Defence Establishment. The project is of evident relevance to biological ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/338370b0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Definition of symmetry elements in space groups and point groups. Report of the International Union of Crystallography Ad-Hoc Committee on the Nomenclature of Symmetry (1989)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 494-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A 'geometric element' is defined, for any given symmetry operation, as a geometric item that allows the operation (after removing any intrinsic translation) to be located and oriented. In the case of an inversion, a (screw-) rotation or a (glide-) reflection, it is respectively a point, line or plane. In the case of a rotoinversion, the geometric element consists of the axis of the rotation part and the center of the inversion part. As a general concept, the geometric element may be justified by a mathematical definition (as given in the Appendix). A "symmetry element" (of a given crystal structure or object) is defined as a concept with a double meaning, namely the combination of a geometric element with the set of symmetry operations having this geometric element in common ('element set'). There is no overlap between element sets of a given structure. Together with the identity and the translations, for which a geometric element is not defined, the element sets cover all symmetry operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767389002230
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emplacement, crystallization and alteration of spinifex-textured komatiitic basalt flows in the Archaean Nondweni greenstone belt, southern Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa (1989)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 101 (1989), S. 301-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A well exposed succession of spinifex-textured komatiite flows is reported from the Archaean Nondweni greenstone belt located near the southern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton. The flows are relatively thin (1–5 m) compared to similar occurrences in other greenstone belts. They are characterised by well developed cone structures of highly elongate amphibole crystals (after augite) which fan downwards from the tops of the flows. Extreme development of coned spinifex has not been reported from other greenstone belts and points to specific thermal conditions prevailing in the Nondweni environment. The zones of bladed spinifex are contained between layers of random spinifex and overlie a lower cumulus layer originally of augite, orthopyroxene and minor olivine. The observed major and trace element distributions through a 1.7 m thick spinifex-textured flow are consistent with a model involving concentration of phenocryst phases resulting in significant fractionation upwards in the flow. Approximately 40% of the spinifex-textured phenocrysts grew in situ after the lithological units were established. Collapse and displacement of the coned crystal networks, originally attached to the top of the flow, are shown to have influenced the distribution of liquid within the flow and accentuated the fractionation. Associated with the spinifex-textured units are massive aphyric and brecciated flows which show distinct chemical cycles through the succession. The brecciated zones have compositions with 〈18% MgO and are characterised by ovoid bodies that are not pillows and may represent magmatic reworking and movement of a partly congealed flow. Post-solidus alteration is considered to have caused early hydration of the original mineralogy and also introduced SiO2 and Na2O into the upper part of the flow by way of microfractures. The observed alteration is different to that of Mid-Ocean Ridge basalts, and a subaerial/shallow water environment is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375315
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of poly(acrylic acid) molecular weight on the fracture toughness of glass-ionomer cements (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A linear elastic fracture mechanics approach has been used to characterize failure in glass-ionomer cements. The toughness, fracture toughness, flexural strength and inherent flaw size increase with the molecular weight of the poly(acrylic acid), whilst the Young's modulus remains approximately constant. The dependence of toughness on poly(acrylic acid) molecular weight is not as large as predicted by a reptation/chain pull out model for fracture and this is thought to be a result of the weak ionic crosslinks formed during the cement reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00660982
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant viruses: A tool-box for genetic engineering and crop protection (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 10 (1989), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Traditionally, plant viruses are viewed as harmful, undesirable pathogens. However, their genomes can provide several useful ‘designer functions’ or ‘sequence modules’ with which to tailor future gene vectors for plant or general biotechnology.The majority (77 %) of known plant viruses have single-stranded RNA of the messenger (protein coding) sense as their genetic material. Over the past 4 years, improved in vitro transcription systems and the construction of partial of fulllength DNA copies of several plant RNA viruses have enhanced our ability to manipulate and study their genomes, particularly in the context of their pathogenic interactions with host plants.Recently, two forms of genetically engineered protection against plant virus infections have been reported. In both, a virus-related ‘interfering’ molecule was stably introduced into plants via the DNA-transfer mechanism of Agro-bacterium tumefaciens. To date, the choice of ‘interfering’ molecule has been guided by empirical field-observations and each is effective against only a narrow range of closely-related viruses. As yet, we do not fully understand the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the observed protection.The ability to manipulate the plant-pathogen relationship is a powerful tool to increase our knowledge and improve future strategies for uncoventional cropprotection by genetic engineering techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950100602
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  • 10
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    A murine early thymocyte developmental sequence is marked by transient expression of the interleukin 2 receptor. (1989)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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