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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (20)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7)
  • 1985-1989  (27)
  • 1989  (27)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on metabolism and maturation in Bufo arenarum oocytes (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 23 (1989), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: FSH ; ovary ; amphibian ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the fully grown Bufo arenarum oocyte, carbohydrate breakdown during the autumn-winter season is accomplished mainly through the glycolytic pathway followed by the krebs cycle. During the breeding season (spring-summer), carbohydrates are used mainly through the pentose phosphate cycle and through the variant of the Krebs cycle known as the glutamic aspartic cycle.The metabolism operating in the oocytes was determined using the following paramenters: 1) the capacity of isolated mitochondria to oxidize citrate and fumarate; 2) the enzymatic activities of phosphofructokinase (PEK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH); and 3) cirate and ATP compartmentalization.The present paper shows that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would be one of the factors responsible for summer metabolism, since ovary fractios obtained from winter specimens treated with the hormone acquired the metabolic characteristics corresponding to oocytes obtained from breeding-season animals from dose-response, and response in the function of time curves, it could be assumed that the optimum doses and times were 0.1 μg FSH/ml of incubation medium and 30 min treatment, respecitively.The metabolic effect of FSH upon oocytes could be mediaated by the adenylate cyclase cAMP system, since treatment of ovric fractions with cAMP 10-3 M reproduced the effects obtained with the hormone. In addition, 0.02 mg/ml tetracyline proved to block the effect of FSH. A direct metabolic action of FSH on body cavity oocytes (without follicle cells) was observed when submitting these oocytes to the same hormonal treatment.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120230311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bovine mammary alpha-lactalbumin on hyperactivation and sperm-zona pellucida binding of mouse spermatozoa (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 24 (1989), S. 415-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: galactosyltransferase ; capacitation ; epididymis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of bovine mammary alpha-lactalbumin on the motility and zona-binding characteristics of mouse sperm were investigated. Two properties of sperm associated with capacitation, hyperactivated motility, and the ability of sperm to bind to the zona pellucida of oocytes were shown to be suppressed by alpha-lactalbumin. These inhibitory effects were not accompanied by changes in the percentage of motile cells or by differences in the velocity parameters of the hyperactivated and non-hyperactivated spermatozoa. Bovine serum albumin prevented and reversed the alpha-lactalbumin-induced suppression of hyperactivation. Sperm-zona pellucida binding was partially restored by lowering the alpha-lactalbumin concentration in the medium in which sperm were allowed to bind to the zona pellucida. The results suggest that mouse sperm are decapacitated by bovine mammary alpha-lactalbumin. The counteracting effect of bovine serum albumin to the suppressive action of alpha-lactalbumin on the flagellum suggests the involvement of a mechanism different from the action of alpha-lactalbumin on the sperm head inhibiting binding to the zona pellucida.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120240408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal complexes with tetrapyrrole ligands, LIV: Synthesis, spectra, structure, and redox properties of cerium(IV) Bisporphyrinates with identical and different porphyrin rings in the sandwich system (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2219-2228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bisporphyrinates, cerium(IV) ; Lanthanoid porphyrins ; Metalloporphyrins ; Tetrapyrrole complexes, sandwich-like ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallkomplexe mit Tetrapyrrol-Liganden, LIV.  -  Synthese, Spektren, Struktur und Redox-Chemie von Cer(VI)-Bisporphyrinaten mit gleichen und verschiedenen Porphyrin-Ringen im Sandwich-SystemWeitere symmetrische Cer(IV)-Bisporphyrinate werden aus Cer-(III)-acetylacetonat und Tetraphenylporphyrin, Tetra-p-chlorphenylporphyrin, und Hexadecahydrotetrabenzporphyrin hergestellt. Aus dem letzteren Porphyrin entsteht auch ein Biscer(III)-Tripeldecker; ein solcher bildet sich als einziges Produkt aus Octamethylporphyrin. Aus einem Gemisch zweier verschiedener Porphyrine, nämlich Octaethylporphyrin [H2(OEP)], und Tetraphenyl-porphyrin [H2(TPP)] oder Tetra-p-chlorphenylporphyrin [H2-(TClP)] erhält man neben den symmetrischen Spezies Ce(OEP)2 und Ce(TPP)2 die unsymmetrischen („gemischten“) Doppeldecker Ce(OEP)(TPP) oder Ce(OEP)(TClP), die verschiedene Porphyrin-Ringe im Sandwich-System haben und sich trennen lassen. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse von Ce(OEP)(TPP) zeigt CeIV in quadratisch-antiprismatischer Umgebung der Pyrrol-N-Atome der Porphyrin-Ringe. Während die IR- und NMR-Spektren der unsymmetrischen Doppeldecker-Überlagerungen der Spektren, die einzelnen Ringe darstellen, zeigen ihre UV/VIS-Spektren und die cyclischen Voltammogramme, daß die zwei unterschiedlichen Porphyrin-Ringe sich wie ein gemeinsames π-Elektronensystem verhalten. Die Darstellung der π-Kation-Radikal-Salze [Ce(OEP)2]-ClO4 und [Ce(OEP)(TPP)]SbCl6 wird ebenfalls beschrieben. In letzterem scheint sich das Defektelektron bevorzugt im OEP-Ring aufzuhalten.
    Notes: Further symmetrical cerium(IV) bisporphyrinates are prepared from cerium(III) acetylacetonate and tetraphenylporphyrin, tetra-p-chlorophenylporphyrin, and hexadecahydrotetrabenzporphyrin. In the latter case, a biscerium(III) triple-decker is also found which is the only product in the case of octamethylporphyrin. From a mixture of two different porphyrins, namely octaethylporphyrin [H2(OEP)] and either tetraphenylporphyrin [H2(TPP)] or tetra-p-chlorophenylporphyrin [H2(TClP)], besides the symmetrical species Ce(OEP)2 and Ce(TPP)2, the unsymmetrical (“mixed”) double-deckers Ce(OEP)(TPP) or Ce(OEP)(TClP) are obtained which have different porphyrin rings in the sandwich system and can be separated by chromatography. The crystal structure analysis of Ce(OEP)(TPP) shows CeIV in a square-antiprismatic geometry of the pyrrole N atoms of the porphyrin rings. While the IR and NMR spectra of the unsymmetrical double-deckers are superpositions of the spectra of the individual rings, their UV/VIS spectra and cyclic voltammograms indicate that the two porphyrin rings behave as a common π-electron system. The preparation of the π-cation radical salts [Ce(OEP)2]ClO4 and [Ce(OEP)(TPP)]SbCl6 is also described. In the latter, the defect electron seems to reside preferentially in the OEP ring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891221203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Rearrangements, XIX. The Kinetics of the Thermal Isomerization of 1-Ethynyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopropane, 1-ethynyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl- ; Isomerization, thermal ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermische Umlagerungen, XIX. - Kinetik der thermischen Isomerisierung von 1-Ethinyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanDie Darstellung und Gasphasenpyrolyse von 1-Ethinyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropan (9) werden beschrieben. Oberhalb 200°C lagert sich der Kohlenwasserstoff in 4,4,5-Trimethyl-1,2,5-hexatrien (10) und 5,6-Dimethyl-5-hepten-1-in (11) um. Während sich das Allen durch eine 1,5-Wasserstoffwanderung direkt aus 9 bildet, handelt es sich bei dem Alkin um ein Sekundärprodukt, das aus 10 durch eine [3,3]-sigmatrope Umlagerung entsteht. Die Aktivierungsparameter (Ea, lg A) dieser beiden Prozesse wurden im Temperaturbereich von 210-250°C ermittelt. Die erhaltenen Zahlenwerte werden diskutiert und mit denjenigen anderer konzertierter Reaktionen von Alkinen und Alkenen verglichen.
    Notes: 1-Ethynyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane (9) has been prepared and subjected to gas phase pyrolysis. Above 200°C the hydrocarbon rearranges to 4,4,5-trimethyl-1,2,5-hexatriene (10) and 5,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-yne (11). Whereas the allene is produced directly from 9 by a 1,5-hydrogen shift, the alkyne is a secondary product formed from 10 by a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. The activation parameters (Ea, lg A) for both processes have been determined for the 210 to 250°C temperature range. The data are discussed and compared with those for other concerted reactions of alkynes and alkenes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220228
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektrophile Öffnung photochemisch erzeugter Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentan-Derivate - Eine zweistufige 3,3-Dimethylcyclopentan-Anellierung (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 537-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene ; Ring-anellated bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanes ; Hydroxymercuration of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanes ; 3,3-Dimethylcyclopentane anellation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrophilic Opening of Photochemically Generated Bicyclo-[2.1.0]pentane Derivative - A Two-Step 3,3-Dimethylcyclopentane AnellationTricyclic compounds 7a-e with 5,5-dimethylbicyclo[2.1.0]-pentane subunits were obtained - although in poor yields - by photochemically initiated [2 + 2] cycloaddition of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene to 2-cycloalken-1-ones 4a-e. Catalytic hydrogenation of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanes 7a/7c proceeded regioselectively to give bicyclic compounds 17a/17c with gem-dimethyl-substituted cyclopentane units. Treatment of carbonyl-protected bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanes 16a/16c with mercury(II) acetate in THF/water or THF/methanol followed by reductive demercuration afforded - with practically quantitative diastereo-, but no recognizable regioselectivity - gem-dimethyl-substituted hydroxy- or methoxycyclopentanes 18-21, respectively. Upon warming under reflux the hydroxymercurated ketone 7c gave the regioselectively formed β-elimination product endo-7-hydroxy-8,8-dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-1(9)-en-2-one (23). Upon analogous treatment, however, hydroxymercurated 7a was recovered unchanged.
    Notes: Photochemisch initiierte [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition von 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropen an 2-Cycloalken-1-one 4a-e ergab - allerdings in mäßigen Ausbeuten - die Tricyclen 7a-e mit anellierten 5,5-Dimethylbicyclo[2.1.0]pentan-Einheiten. Die katalytische Hydrierung der Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane 7a/7c verlief regioselektiv zu den Bicyclen 17a/17c mit gem-Dimethyl-substituierter, anellierter Cyclopentan-Einheit. Die Behandlung der Carbonyl-geschützten Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane 16a/16c mit Quecksilber(II)-acetat in THF/Wasser oder THF/Methanol und nachfolgende reduktive Demercurierung lieferte die gem-Dimethyl-substituierten endo-Hydroxy- bzw. endo-Methoxycyclopentane 18-21 mit praktisch vollständiger Diastereo-, jedoch ohne erkennbare Regioselektivität. Hydroxymercuriertes 7c ergab nach Erwärmen das regioselektiv gebildete β-Eliminierungsprodukt endo-7-Hydroxy-8,8-dimethylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-1(9)-en-2-on (23). Bei analoger Behandlung wurde hydroxymercuriertes 7a unverändert zurückgewonnen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220323
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-Phase Kinetics of Pyrolysis of 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropene and Its 1-Trimethylsilyl Derivative The Effect of Silyl Substitution on Cyclopropene Isomerisation (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 637-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopropene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-trimethylsilyl- ; Cyclopropene, isomerisation ; Gas-phase kinetics ; Ring-opening of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene ; Vinylcarbene intermediates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Gas-Phasen-Kinetik der Pyrolyse von 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropen und seinem 1-Trimethylsilyl-Derivat. - Der Effekt der Silyl-Substitution auf die Cyclopropen-IsomerisierungDie Gasphasen-Pyrolyse von 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropen (1) im Temperaturbereich 185-225°C ergibt 3-Methyl-1-butin (2) (91%) und Isopren (3) (9%). Die Gasphasen-Pyrolyse von 3,3-Dimethyl-1-trimethylsilylcyclopropen (4) führt zu 3-Methyl-1-trimethylsilyl-1-butin (5) (99%) und trans-3-Methyl-1-trimethylsilyl-1,3-butadien (6) (1%). Beide Umlagerungen sind homogene, unimolekulare Reaktionen erster Ordnung mit den folgenden druck-unabhängigen Arrhenius-Parametern.Überraschenderweise desaktiviert die Trimethylsilyl-Gruppe das Cyclopropen in bezug auf seine Isomerisierung. Mögliche Mechanismen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The gas-phase pyrolysis of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (1) in the temperature range of 185-225°C gives 3-methyl-1-butyne (2) (91%) and isoprene (3) (9%). The gas-phase pyrolysis of 3,3-dimethyl-1-trimethylsilylcyclopropene (4) in the temperature range of 195-235°C gives 3-methyl-1-trimethylsilyl-1-butyne (5) (99%) and trans-3-methyl-1-trimethylsilyl-1,3-butadiene (6) (1%). Both rearrangements are homogeneous, first-order, unimolecular reactions with the following pressure-independent Arrhenius parameters.Rather surprisingly, the trimethylsilyl group deactivates cyclopropene with respect to its isomerisation. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereochemical study on the cycloaddition of a cyclic nitrone to 5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1701-1704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition ; 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine 1-oxide ; 5-Methyl-2(5H)-furanone ; Methyl sorbate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereochemische Analyse der Cycloaddition eines cyclischen Nitrons an 5-Methyl-2(5H)-furanonDie 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition von 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-1-oxid (1) an 5-Methyl-2(5H)furanon (2) liefert die Addukte 3, 4 und 5, deren Stereochemie durch sorgfältige Analyse der Tieftemperatur-1H-NMR-Spektren bestimmt wurde. Das Hauptprodukt, 4, Ergebnis eines exo-Übergangszustandes und einer anti-Annäherung, weist auf die Überlegenheit sterischer Faktoren über sekundäre Orbitalwechselwirkungen hin.
    Notes: The 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-oxide (1) to 5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone (2) yields adducts 3, 4, and 5, whose stereochemistry has been established by a detailed study of their low-temperature 1H-NMR spectra. The major adduct, 4, arises from an exo transition state and an anti approach, indicating the dominance of steric factors over secondary orbital interactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterocyclization Reactions of Conjugated Heterocumulenes. Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives by a Tandem Aza Wittig/Electrocyclization Strategy (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aza Wittig reaction ; Heterocumulenes, conjugated ; Pyridine derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclisierungsreaktionen von konjugierten Heterocumulenen. Synthese von Pyridinderivaten durch Tandem-Aza-Wittig/Elektro-Ringschluß-StrategieDie Aza-Wittig-Reaktion der Iminophosphorane 3 mit Isocyanaten führt zu konjugierten Carbodiimiden 4, die elektrocyclisch 2-Pyridincarbonsäureester 5 ergeben. Iminophosphoran 9 reagiert mit Nitromethan bzw. Aceton im Molverhältnis 1:1 zu 10 bzw. 11. Aus 9 und Nitromethan 1:3 entsteht das Iminophosphoran 12. Dessen Struktur wurde durch Kristallstrukturanalyse bewiesen. Die Iminophosphorane 10, 11 reagieren mit Isocyanaten oder Kohlendioxid zu den Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinen 13, 15 bzw. 14, 16.
    Notes: The aza Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane 3 with isocyanates leads to conjugated carbodiimides 4, which undergo electrocyclic ring closure to give ethyl 2-pyridinecarboxylates 5. Iminophosphorane 9 reacts with nitromethane and acetone in a 1:1 molar ratio to form 10 and 11, respectively. Reaction of 9 with nitromethane in 1:3 molar ratio yields the iminophosphorane 12. The structure of 12 has been established by X-ray crystallography. Iminophosphoranes 10 and 11 react with isocyanates or carbon dioxide to give the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 13, 15 and 14, 16, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220217
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of the choanosome of porifera: II. The keratose sponges (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 201 (1989), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aquiferous system of representatives of the orders Dictyocer-atida, Dendroceratida, and Verongida has been studied to note its relevance to the systematics of the groups. The volume of the choanocyte chamber, the size and shape of the choanocytes, the number of choanocytes per chamber, the relative development of the mesohyl, and the features of endopinacocytes are estimated from scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of representatives of most families of the three orders. Although the Dysideidae have a reticulate skeleton and were classified in the order Dictyoceratida, they are actually closer to the Aplysillidae (Dendroceratida) than to dictyoceratids. The anatomy and cytology of the Halisarcidae differ profoundly from those of these three orders and are clearly more closely related to nonkeratose sponges. Some changes in classification lead to a pattern with highly homogeneous orders that clearly differ in their anatomic and cytologic features, which does not support the hypothesis of a common origin of the “keratose” sponges.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052010203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Architecture and consequent physiological properties of the semitendinosus muscle in domestic goats (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 199 (1989), S. 287-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Morphological and physiological analyses confirm that the semitendinosus muscle of goats contains two separate compartments in series, each with distinct innervation. These compartments of the muscle are in turn composed of short fibers (approximately four fibers in series in the proximal compartment and seven to eight fibers in the distal compartment) which overlap each other for more than 30% of their length, with much of the overlapping portions consisting of slender tails that terminate at one-tenth of the midfiber diameter. Groups of fibers are associated into relatively narrow bands that run end-to-end in each compartment. The data suggest that the maximum length of muscle fibers may be limited; even the fibers of parallelfibered muscles may not scale with the dimension of the animal.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051990305
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